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  • 4 Premature Marriage

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    SexAndSensibilities
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    The Revised Penal Code (RPC) provides for the criminal prohibition for women to remarry within 301 days from the date of the death of her husband. The threat of its application remains a barrier to women's equal rights on matters relating to marriage and family relations. The law also has the effect of an enforced mourning period for the woman which clearly is discriminatory given that no such mourning period is enforced on men.

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    The Revised Penal Code (RPC) provides for the criminal prohibition for women to remarry within 301 days from the date of the death of her husband. The threat of its application remains a barrier to women's equal rights on matters relating to marriage and family relations. The law also has the effect of an enforced mourning period for the woman which clearly is discriminatory given that no such mourning period is enforced on men.

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    14 visualizzazioni2 pagine

    4 Premature Marriage

    Caricato da

    SexAndSensibilities
    The Revised Penal Code (RPC) provides for the criminal prohibition for women to remarry within 301 days from the date of the death of her husband. The threat of its application remains a barrier to women's equal rights on matters relating to marriage and family relations. The law also has the effect of an enforced mourning period for the woman which clearly is discriminatory given that no such mourning period is enforced on men.

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    PhilippineCommissiononWomen

    Policy Brief No. 4

    EnsuringWomensEqualRightsinMarriageandFamilyRelations: REPEALINGTHELAWONPREMATUREMARRIAGE
    ThispolicybriefprovidestherationaleforrepealingRevisedPenalCodeArticle351.Itputstogetherillustrationsonhowthesaidlawcurtails womensrighttomarryalongsidelegalandpracticalbasesforpolicymakerstoaddresstheissue.

    WHAT IS THE ISSUE? TheRevisedPenalCode(RPC)providesforthecriminal prohibitionforwomentoremarryunderthese circumstances: 1. within301daysfromthedateofthedeathof herhusband,orpriortodeliveryifshewas pregnantatthetimeofherhusbandsdeath;or 2. priortothedeliveryofherchildorthe expirationof301daysafterannulmentor dissolutionofherpreviousmarriage. ThisisstatedinArticle351underTitleTwelve,Chapter TwoonIllegalMarriages:
    Art.351.Prematuremarriages.Anywidowwho shallmarrywithinthreehundredandonedaysfrom thedateofthedeathofherhusband,orbefore havingdeliveredifsheshallhavebeenpregnantat thetimeofhisdeath,shallbepunishedbyarresto mayor1andafinenotexceeding500pesos. Thesamepenaltiesshallbeimposeduponany womanwhosemarriageshallhavebeenannulled ordissolved,ifsheshallmarrybeforeherdelivery orbeforetheexpirationoftheperiodofthree hundredandonedayafterthelegalseparation.

    terminationofhermarriagewhetherbydeathofthe firsthusband,annulmentornullityofmarriage,a criminal. WhiletheremayhavebeennoconvictionusingArticle 351,thethreatofitsapplicationremainsabarrierto womensequalrightsonmattersrelatingtomarriage andfamilyrelations.Forexample,intheapplication formarriagelicenseformsbeingusedbythePhilippine ConsulateGeneralinOsaka,Japan;HongKongand Shanghai,2itisclearlyindicatedthatawidowmaynot contractanothermarriagewithin301daysfromdate ofdeathorherhusband,orbeforehavingdeliveredif sheshallhavebeenpregnantatthetimeofhisdeath. Thelawalsohastheeffectofanenforcedmourning periodforthewomanwhichclearlyisdiscriminatory giventhatnosuchmourningperiodisenforcedon men.
    WHAT ARE THE EXISTING LEGISLATIONS OR POLICY ISSUANCES RELATED TO THE ISSUE? RepublicActNo.9710ortheMagnaCartaofWomen providesthatthegovernmentshalltakeall appropriatemeasurestoeliminatediscrimination againstwomeninallmattersrelatingtomarriageand familyrelations.Thisincludesensuringthatwomen andmenhavethesamerightstoenterintoandleave marriages.Further,theprovisiononequaltreatment beforethelawmandatestheStatetotakestepsto reviewandamendand/orrepealexistinglawsthatare discriminatorytowomen,whichincludeArticle351of theRPC. TheFamilyCodeofthePhilippines(FCP)providesa sufficientframeworkbywhichthepurposeofRPC
    2 Websitelinks:http://www.osakapcg.com/marriage/mlwidow.pdf; http://www.philcongenhk.com/download/APMARRIAGE.pdf; http://www.philcongenshanghai.org/down/notarials/8Formfor MarriageLicense.doc,lastaccessedonJuly31,2013

    ThisprovisionservesthesamepurposeastheRPC provisiononadultery,whichistheprotectionof lineageoravoidingconfusionrelativetopaternityand filiation. WHY IS THE ISSUE IMPORTANT? Article351isdiscriminatoryasitcurtailstherightofa womantomarryundertheabovecircumstances,by penalizingthemshouldtheycommitanyofthoseacts. Itmakesanywoman,eventhosewhoarebeyond childbearingyearsormedicallyproventobeincapable bearingchildren,whomarrieswithin300daysfrom
    1

    Imprisonmentof1monthand1dayto6months

    Repealing the Law on Premature Marriage

    PCWPolicyBrief No.4

    August 2013

    Article351topreventdoubtfulpaternityandprotect therightsofcommonchildrenmaybeachieved withoutrestrictingwomensrighttoremarry.FCP Article168ineffectalreadyrecognizesthecontracting ofasubsequentmarriageofawomanwithin300days fromtheterminationofthepreviousmarriageasit providestherulethatshallgovernthepaternityand filiationofachildbornbyawomanwhocontracted anothermarriagewithin300daysfromthe terminationofthepreviousmarriage. Articles170and171ofthesameCodeprovide sufficientremediesbywhichafatheroranyofhis heirsmayimpugnthelegitimacyofachildbornunder suchcircumstances.Moreover,Articles103and130of theFamilyCodemandatesthattheregimeof completeseparationofpropertyshallgovernthe propertyrelationsofthesubsequentmarriageshould asurvivingspousemarryanotherwithoutliquidating thecommunityorconjugalpropertytosettlethe estateofthedeceasedspouse. WHAT ARE THE CONSIDERATIONS IN ADDRESSING THIS ISSUE IN THE COUNTRY?
    Promoting womens rights and gender equality RepealingRPCArticle351willcontributetopromoting womensrightsandenhancingthestatusofwomenin thePhilippinesocietygiventhatitwillremovelegal barrierstocontractasubsequentmarriageafterthe terminationofthepreviousmarriage,especiallysince suchbarrieronlyapplytowomen. Responding to International Commitments RepealingRPCArticle351isconsistentwiththe PhilippineGovernmentsStateObligationunderthe ConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsof DiscriminationAgainstWomen(CEDAW),particularly Article16.1.awhichmandatesStatePartiestotakeall

    appropriatemeasurestoeliminatediscrimination againstwomeninallmattersrelatingtomarriageand familyrelationsandinparticularshallensure,ona basisofequalityofmenandwomen:(a)thesameright toenterintomarriage... Alignment with National Priorities RepealingRPCArticle351therebyremovingabarrier towomensequalrighttomarriageisconsistentwith item13ongenderequalityofthegovernments16 PointAgendawhichstates,fromalackofconcernfor genderdisparitiesandshortfall,tothepromotionof equalgenderopportunityinallspheresofpublic policiesandprograms. Moreimportantly,itrespondstothemandateof CongressundertheMagnaCartaofWomentoamend orrepeallawsthatarediscriminatorytowomen. POLICY RECOMMENDATION Article351shouldbeexpresslyrepealedinitsentirety, forbeingdiscriminatorytowomenbyarbitrarily curtailingawomansrighttomarry. Asidefromthefactthatithasalreadybeensufficiently addressedintheFamilyCode,thereasonforwhichthe lawwascreatednolongerexiststodaysincethe questionofpaternitycannowbeeasilyresolved throughadvancementinmedicaltechnologysuchas DNAtesting. CONCLUSION LegislativeproposalstorepealRPCArticle351were filedbutremainedpendingduringtheprevious Congressdespitestronglegalandpracticalbases.Itis hopedthat,intheinterestoffulfillingtheirmandate undertheMagnaCartaofWomen,ourlegislatorswill prioritizeandfavortheimmediateenactmentofalaw torepealthesaidprovision.#

    PCWPolicyBriefsaimtostimulateinformeddiscourseandguidepolicyactionsonissuesconcerningthe empowermentofwomenandpromotionofgenderequality.
    OFFICEOFTHEPRESIDENT

    PhilippineCommissiononWomen 1145J.P.LaurelStreet,SanMiguel,1005Manila http://www.pcw.gov.ph|pdad@pcw.gov.ph|+6327358918

    Repealing the Law on Premature Marriage

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