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the visual series (that is to say, the lm, the diegesis) and the
proprioceptive series (ones sense of ones own body) and, there-
fore, of the real world, which continues to be a factor, though
weakened, as when one shifts around in ones seat for a more com-
fortable position). It is because the world does not intrude upon
the ction and constantly deny its claim to realityas happens in
the theaterthat a lms diegesis can yield the peculiar and well-
known i mpressi on of reali ty that we are tryi ng to understand
here....
NOTES
On t he Impression of Realit y in t he Cinema 3
1. A. Laffay, Lvocation du monde au cinma, in
Tempsmodernes
, 1946.
Reprinted in Laffays
Logiquedu cinma
(Paris, 1964), pp. 1530.
2. A. Bazin. See especially vol. II (
LeCinma et les autres arts
, 1959) of
Bazins
Quest-cequelecinma?
Paris: ditions du Cerf, 1959), on the
problem of adaptations, of lmed theater, of lms about art, etc. [A con-
densed English-language version of the four volumes of
Quest-cequele
cinma?
has been compiled and translated by Hugh Gray in
What IsCin-
ema?
(University of California Press, 1967)Translator.]
3. R. Barthes, in
Communications
, no. 4, 1964 (special issue: Recherches
smiologiques), pp. 4051.
4. Ibid., p. 47.
5. E. Morin,
LeCinma ou Lhommeimaginaire
. Paris: ditions Minuit,
1956, p. 123.
6. Ibid., p. 122.
7. Albert Michotte van den Berck, Le caractre de ralit des projections
cinmatographiques,
Revueinternationaledelmologie
, vol. I, no. 34,
Oct. 1948, pp. 24961.
8. Ibid., pp. 25758. What Albert Michotte van den Berck has dened is, of
course, the stereocinetic effect whose importance in the cinema was
underscored by Cesare Musatti in his article Les Phnomnes strocin-
tiques et les effets stroscopiques du cinma normal (
Revueinternational
delmologie
, no. 29, Jan.March 1957).
9. A. Michotte van den Berck, op. cit., pp. 25859.
10. Ontologie de limage photographique, in
Problmesdela peinture
(a
collection of essays by different authors, published in 1945). Reprinted in
Quest-cequelecinma?
, vol. I, pp. 1019. Translated into English under
the title The Ontology of the Photographic Image, in
What IsCinema?
11. J. Leirens,
LeCinma et letemps
, Paris: ditions du Cerf, 1954.
12. In
Esprit
, 1937.
13. J. Giraudoux, in Thtre et lm, preface to
LeFilm dela Duchessede
Langeais
(Paris, 1942). Reprinted separately in Marcel Lapierres
Antholo-
giedu cinma
(Paris, 1946), pp. 297302. Passage mentioned: p. 298.
14. Leirens,
LeCinma et letemps, passim, and especially p. 28.
15. Ibid., p. 113, in relation to lm stars.
16. H. Wallon, Revueinternationaledelmologie, no. 13, AprilJune 1953.
17. Michotte van den Berck, p. 256.
18. Wallon, LActe perceptif et le cinma.