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5. After a tooth has been moved from one position to another, the resulting
bone is A. sclerotic bone. B. cortical bone. C. transitional bone. D. compact bone.
C. pogonion, the most anterior point on the bony chin. D. the upper central incisor.
7. A good method for determining the location of growth sites in the growing
monkey skull would be A. by injecting alizarin red dye and sacrificing the animal later. B. through the use of oriented head x-rays. C. by using anthropometric instruments.
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11. At birth, which of the following structures is farthest from the size it will
eventually be in adulthood? A. Cranium B. Nasal capsule C. Middle face D. Mandible
12. Additional space for the eruption of succeeding maxillary molars is made
by a. continuous expansion of the dental arch. b. downward and forward displacement of the maxillary complex. c. interstitial bone growth. d. appositional growth at the maxillary tuberosity. e. increase in palatal vault height.
A. (a) and (c) B. (a) and (d) C. (b) and (d) D. (b) and (e) E. (c) and (e)
13. Growth sites can best be determined in the laboratory animal by means
of A. vital staining. B. intra-oral radiographs. C. cephalometric radiography. D. comparing dry skeletal material.
16. How does growth of the cranial base generally relate in time to growth of
the jaws? A. Precedes B. Follows C. Accompanies D. Initially follows then accompanies
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21. At birth, which of the following structures is nearest the size it will
eventually attain in adulthood? A. Cranium B. Mandible C. Clavicle D. Middle face E. Nasal capsule
22. The downward and forward direction of facial growth results from
displacement of the maxilla in this direction along with: A. upward and backward remodeling of the maxillary sutures. B. vertical eruption and distal drift of the dentitions. C. interstitial growth in the maxilla. D. epithelial induction at the growth centers.
23. A needle fragment embedded in the anterior border of the ramus of the
mandible of a 6-year old child would A. soon become embedded more deeply as new bone covered it. B. soon become free in the soft tissue as resorption uncovered it.
C. remain on the surface as the ramus was translated. D. stimulate formation of a bony protuberance at the site of the needle fragment.
24. Arch length space for the eruption of permanent mandibular second and
third molars is created by A. apposition of the alveolar process. B. apposition at the anterior border of the ramus. C. resorption at the anterior border of the ramus. D. resorption at the posterior border of the ramus.
26. What is the chief factor in the formation of the alveolar process?
A. Eruption of teeth B. Normal process of growth C. Lengthening of the condyle D. Overall growth of the bodies of the maxilla and the mandible
27. Which of the following methods is least accurate in determining the site
of new bone deposition in laboratory animals? A. Implants B. Radiographs C. Alizarin stains D. Tetracycline stains E. Histochemical stains
28. After age 6, the greatest increase in size of the mandible occurs
A. at the symphysis. B. between the canines. C. along the lower border. D. distal to the first molars.
29. The downward and forward direction of facial growth results from
A. upward and backward growth of the maxillary sutures and the mandibular condyle. B. vertical eruption and mesial drift of the dentitions. C. interstitial growth in the maxilla and the mandible. D. epithelial induction at the growth centers.
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31. The cranial vault increases rapidly in size the first few years postnatally
and completes approximately 90 per cent of its growth by 6 years of age. This is typical of which of the following types of tissues? A. Neural B. Dental C. Genital D. Lymphoid E. General (somatic)
32. At birth, which of the following structures is farthest from the size it will
eventually attain in adulthood A. Mandible B. Cranial vault C. Cranial base D. Middle face E. Nasal capsule
A. (a) and (b) only B. (a), (b) and (d) C. (b), (c) and (e) D. (c) and (e) only E. All of the above
36. Which of the following methods is least accurate in determining the site
of new bone deposition in laboratory animals? A. Implants B. Radiographs C. Alizarin stains
37. There is more adolescent growth spurt of the maxilla than of the
mandible because lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx decreases at puberty. A. Both statement and reason are correct and related. B. Both statement and reason are correct but NOT related. C. The statement is correct but the reason is NOT D. The statement is NOT correct but the reason is an accurate statement E. NEITHER statement nor reason is correct.
40. What is the chief factor in the formation of the alveolar process?
A. Eruption of teeth B. Normal process of growth C. Lengthening of the condyle D. Overall growth of the bodies of the maxilla and the mandible
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41. The cranial vault increases rapidly in size the first few years postnatally
and completes approximately 90 per cent of its growth by 6 years of age. This growth is typical of which of the following types of tissues? A. Neural B. Dental C. Genital D. Lymphoid E. General (somatic)
42. Following the growth rate curve typical for lymphoid tissue, tonsillar and
adenoid tissue masses can be expected to show A. continuous growth throughout life. B. a rapid increase in size at the time of puberty. C. a decrease in size beginning in the circumpubertal period. D. a progressively decreasing rate of growth from birth to adulthood. E. no significant increase in size between 4 and 10 years of age.
43. Cartilage differs from bone in that cartilage can increase in size by
44. What is the relationship between growth curves for lymphoid tissues
(tonsils, neck nodes, adenoids) and sexual characteristics? A. Both curves slope upward in parallel form. B. Lymph tissues grow more slowly than genital tissues. C. Lymph tissues stop growing when genital tissues begin growing. D. Lymph tissues regress as genital tissues develop. E. These curves are not related.
46. Surgery on the hard palate of a 3-year old cleft patient may inhibit
growth of the nasal septum, causing the facial profile to become A. straight B. elongated C. shortened D. more convex E. more concave
47. The formation of the philtrum of the upper lip occurs around 6-8 weeks
in utero by fusion of the median nasal processes A. True B. False
49. Cartilage tissue is pressure tolerant and able to provide flexible support
because it is avascular and contains an intracellular matrix of proteoglycans. A. The first statement is True, the second statement is true and they are related. B. The first statement is True, the second statement is true and they are NOT related. C. The first statement is True, the second statement is False D. The first statement is False, the second statement is true. E. Both statements are false.
50. The periodontal ligament acts as a static supporting mechanism for the
teeth. A. True B. False
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51. Seven year old Jack is in your office. He has severe crowding of the
upper incisors and the permanent lateral incisors contact the deciduous first molars. You can safely tell the mom and dad: A. That Jack will outgrow this problem. B. That this problem is caused by large teeth and Jack will need crowns on the teeth to decrease their size. C. That Jack needs to have the deciduous first molars extracted to make room for the permanent canines. D. That Jack will probably need braces if he wants straight teeth.
52. A priority plan exists during prenatal growth and development of the
face and the body in general. Which of the following organ systems would have the highest priority? A. Masticatory System B. Nervous System C. Urinary System D. Respiratory System E. Reproductive System
3. Bone is a dynamic tissue. 4. Cartilage is tension adapted. 5. The periodontal ligament is a dynamic structure. A. 1,2,5 B. 1,3,4 C. 2,4,5 D. 1,3,5 E. 3,4,5
55. Which of the following statements about bone growth is/are true?
1. Remodeling of bone occurs on both endosteal and periosteal surfaces. 2. Remodeling of bone stops around age 18. 3. Remodeling of bone results in the histologic structures called osteons. 4. Remodeling of bone only occurs in the face. 5. Deposition and resorption may not occur in equal amounts. A. 1,3 B. 1,2,3 C. 1,3,5 D. 3,4 E. 2,3
4. Interstitial growth of bone is necessary to change the morphology of the fetal face to the adult face. 5. Displacement of bones is necessary to change the fetal face to the adult face. A. 1 and 2 B. 1, 2 and 3 C. 3, 4 and 5 D. 3 and 5 E. 1, 3 and 5
60. The maxilla grows upward and backward and is displaced downward and
forward. This statement means: 1. Adequate space for second and third molars can not be assessed at age six. 2. Additional bone is usually not deposited on the anterior surface of the premaxilla. 3. Nothing, the statement is not true. 4. Additional arch length (space for teeth) is likely to be gained anterior to the cuspids. A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 1 and 4 E. 3
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62. A dental implant placed in the area of the upper lateral incisor at age 7
will: A. be displaced along with the maxilla during growth. B. drift vertically with the alveolar process along with the natural teeth. C. be resorbed by the body as a foreign body. D. eventually be replaced by new bone laid down by cutting and filling cones.
63. The grand design of the human face is the result of two growth
processes which interact to produce the final result. What are they? 1. Remodeling 2. Displacement 3. Disarticulation 4. Occlusal equilibration 5. BPRD A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4
D. 1 and 4 E. 2 and 4
65. While you are infiltrating the palatal root of the upper first molar in a six
year old you accidentally break off the tip of the needle and it imbeds in the bone of the hard palate acting as a metallic implant. Ten years later you would find this metal fragment: A. In the floor of the nose B. In the soft tissue of the roof of the mouth C. In the small intestines D. In the tonsillar pillars
67. The skilled orthodontist is able to control facial growth to improve facial
appearance. A. True B. False
68. Which of the following are directions of growth for the dentist to consider
when evaluating a young patient? 1. Vertical 2. Horizontal 3. Transverse A. 1,2 B. 1,3 C. 2,3 D. All of the above E. None of the above
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76. The sutural theory of facial growth holds that the cells lining the sutures
push the bones apart and create displacement of the bones. This theory has been rejected by modern craniofacial biologists because: A. Bones can not "push" on other bones. B. The nasal septum theory replaced the sutural theory. C. Sutures are important sites of adjustment. D. Sutures do not exist in the adult skull.
A. The first statement is true the second is false. B. The first statement is false , the second statement is true. C. Both statements are true and are related. D. Both statements are true but are not related. E. Both statements are false.
78. Areas of muscle attachment are under tension and therefore they are
always depository bony surfaces. A. The first statement is true, the second false B. The first statement is false, the second true C. Both statements are true and related D. Both statements are true but not related E. Both statements are false.
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81. In the anatomically normal TMJ the superior joint compartment provides:
A. Rotational movement. B. synovial fluid pressure. C. Translational movement. D. most TMJ pain.
83. The condyle of the mandible is part of the temporomandibular joint and
is capable of multidirectional adaptation and growth. This is important function because: A. occlusion of the teeth is complex and dynamic, thus requiring a joint capable of continuous adjustment. B. many teeth are lost to decay, thus requiring a joint capable of continuous adjustment. C. occlusion is simple and static. D. none of the above.
A. follows the same pattern for males and females. B. is more vertical in the male population. C. is more horizontal in the female population. D. none of the above.
88. Adult facial growth (change after age 25) could affect:
A. the dental occlusion B. Eruption of third molars C. single tooth dental implants D. All of the above E. Two of the above
89. As we grow older our faces look different this is commonly the result of
1. Remodeling of the bones of the face. 2. Changes in the soft tissue integument. 3. Displacement of the bones of the face. 4. TMJ dysfunction. 5. Interstitial growth of the bone. A. 1,2 B. 1,2,3 C. 1,2,3,4 D. 1,2,4 E. 1,2,5
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C. Is an important growth site, but not a growth center. D. Is a critical component of the endochondral bone formation mechanism.
100. The condylar cartilage of the TMJ allows for physiologic adaptation of the
condylar head to changing stresses in the masticatory system. Which of the following statements are true: 1. This process occurs throughout an individuals lifetime. 2. This process occurs only during adolescence. 3. This process results in endochondral bone formation. 4. This process results in great variability in condylar shape and size among individuals. A. 1, 2 and 4 B. 1, 3 and 4 C. 2, 3 and 4 D. 1 and 3
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105. In the rapidly growing human, deposition and resorption usually occur in
equal and opposite amounts. A. True B. False
106. The angle formed by the intersection of the ramus with the corpus
influences the effective length (i.e. the functional length) of the mandible. A. True B. False
A. the mandibular prominences B. the maxillary prominences C. the lateral palatine processes D. the soft palate E. the ethmoid sinus
109. Facial clefts can occur commonly in all of the following areas except the
________. A. primary palate B. lip C. secondary palate D. nasolacrimal duct E. zygomatic arch
110. The enamel organ, i.e., the enamel epithelia, enamel reticulum,
ameloblasts, and enamel prisms, derives from the ________. A. first branchial arch cartilage B. first branchial arch mesenchyme C. dental sac D. dental lamina E. dental papilla
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111. The cranial base forms the template for the face
A. True B. False
112. The two processes that account for all of facial growth from birth
through adolescence and eventually to adulthood are displacement and remodeling. A. True B. False
113. The cutting and filling cone is a basic histologic structure associated with
remodeling of bone. A. True B. False
1. Implants do not have a periodontal membrane. 2. Implants move much faster than natural teeth. 3. Implants are firmly attached to bone. A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 1 and 3 D. 1,2 and 3 E. None of the above
117. The primary palate in the embryo becomes the __________ in the adult.
A. Lower lip B. Hard palate C. Soft palate D. Upper lip
118. The cranial nerve associated with the first brachial arch is the _________.
A. Trigeminal B. Facial C. Glossopharyngeal
D. Vagus A
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121. Physiologic drift of the teeth within the alveolar process is the result of:
1. Deposition of new bone. 2. Resorption of existing bone. 3. Primary displacement of the palatine bones. 4. Secondary displacement of the maxilla A. 1 and 2 B. 1,2 and 3 C. 1,3 and 4 D. 1,2 and 4 E. 2,3 and 4
126. A major factor underlying the differences between male and female
faces is: A. the nature of the basicranium. B. the size and shape of the brain. C. the facial airway. D. the mandibular condyle.
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131. The mandible starts out as the smallest bone and grows for the shortest
period of time.
A. First statement is correct, second is false. B. Both Statements are true. C. Neither statement is true. D. Second statement is correct the first is false.
132. What are some factors that lead to variations seen in different peoples'
faces? 1. The rate and amount of growth. 2. The pattern in which the bones are growing. 3. Boundaries restricting growth. 4. The timing of growth in relation ot other growth fields. 5. The genetic plan for the face. A. 1,2,4,5 B. 1,3,4,5 C. 1,2,4,5 D. 1,2,3,5 E. All of the above
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