????????? Investment: ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???

???? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??
????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ? ???????? -??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????
??? ?????? ? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ??: ???? ????? ???? ????
? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? Moral ? ?????? Pro
fit...???.
?????????? Investment?? ???? ???????? ? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?
? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? Finance ????????? Economics ? ????? ? ????
? ?????? ????? ??????? ...???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?
? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????
????? ????? Thoroughly analysis ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??
??? ?????? Principal amount ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??
?? ???????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????????: ?? ???????? ??????
? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? "???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? Securities
Investor Protection Corporation"? "??????? ????????? ????? ??????? "Federal Dep
osit Insurance Corporation? ? "??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? National Credit
"Union Administration? ? ?? ???? "??????? ??????? ????? ??????? Canada Deposit I
nsurance "Corporation.
????????? Investment ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???????? saving ?? ????? ????????
?? ??? ???? ????assets ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ?
???? ?????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???
???? business management ???????? finance ???? ??????? ?????households? ???????
firms? ?? ???????? governments.
????????Investor :
?? ?????? (?????/ ?????????????/ ?????? ????????? ...???) ??????? ????? ? ?????
?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???
??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?
????????.
?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????:
1???????? Real estate?
2??????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? Manufacturing, Agriculture and devel
opment projects?
3????? ?????? ????????? Scientific research and its applications?
4?????? Arts?
5????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? Investment in human resources and e
ducation?
6??? ????? ? ??????? Capital Market Securities ?????? stock ???????Bond m
arkets?
??????? Funding: ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? finance ? ??? ????
?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????:
?- ??????? :Lending ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ? ??????? ????? Collateralized le
nding? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? Secured institution ? ????? ????
? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?
???????? ????? ???? ??????? - ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????.
?- ???????? :Participation ???? ??? ????? ?????? Financier ? ????? ??????? ?? ??
?? ?????????Investor ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??
? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????.
?????? Financier:
???? ?? ????? ???? ???? "???????? ???????"? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
?? ????? ??? ??????? Experience of market trading? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?
?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ????
????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ??????? ???????????????? Investor ?
?????? "???????? ???????"funder Financier/ ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????
????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ????? ????? ? ?????? ? ???
???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???: ???????? Donors ?? ??????.Sponsors
?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? banks? ?????????? ???

??????? credit unions? ????????? brokers? ?????????lenders,? ?????? ??????? com

panies insurance? ? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????
?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ??????? ?? ??
?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??
???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ???? ?????.
??? ????? ???????:
?????? ????????? ??????? :Mutual fund ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????????
??????? ?????? ? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???
??????? ????? ??????? ??????? securities? ? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????
? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? Collective i
nvestment schemes ???? ???? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????.
???????? ???????? Hedge fund:
????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????????
?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ? ?? ???
? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? Pension funds? ?????? Endowmen
ts???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??
?????? ?????? ?? ?????? Assets? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????
Liquid Securities ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????
???? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??
? ????? ???? ????? Short selling ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? Leverage.
????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ? ???????? Economics or macroeconomics:
?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? Ca
pital ????: "???? ??????? (?????) ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????
? ?????? ?? ????????." ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? Railro
ad ?? ???? ??????? construction Factory? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? Human ca
pital ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? On-the-job tra
ining.
?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ? ??????? Measures of national income and ou
tput:
????? ??? ??????? ??????:
1- ?????? ?????? ?????? (GDP) Gross domestic product?
2- ????????? Consumption C?
3- ??????? ??????? G Government spending?
4- "?????? ????????? I Gross investment"
5- ???? ???????? NX . Net exports
???? ?????? ?????? ?????? = ????????? + ?????????+ ??????? ??????? + ???? ?????
???
(GDP) = C + I + G + NX
????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????????? ? ????
????????
I = GDP - C - G - NX.