Vocabulary Form & function Cube Sphere Cylinder Cone Triangle Rectangle Hexagon Pentagon Pyramid Spire Symmetrical

Ornamental Functional Colourful Austere Authoritative Mosque Church Synagogue Temple Minaret Tower, spire, dome Cubic spherical Cylindrical Conical Triangular Rectangular Hexagonal spiral

Housing & Environment Inner city Urban living Suburbia suburbs suburban Commuter belt Green belt Rural community Farming community Fishing community Commercial area Industrial estate Shopping center/mall Residential area Social housing housing estate Communal housing scheme Affluent/wealthy/high income/prosperous area prosperity Disadvantaged/ deprived area or neighbourhood Leisure facilities/amenities Sports facilities Water sports Built up area High density housing Detached house Semi-detached house (UK) one roof) Terrace housing House on stilts over the river Old peoples home Nursing home Care for the elderly Retirement village (single house not attached to another house) duplex house (USA) (2 houses under (row of houses)

council housing wealth, poverty

Non-existent/ lack of/ poor public transport Adequate/good/excellent public transport River banks overflow flooding Flood plains dykes Riverfront River delta river estuary tributary Inland/upriver Fertile land/good agricultural land Building land/lots/plots/sites River transport Canal Reservoir ( for storage of drinking water for towns and cities)

Inadequate/lack of water supply polluted water supply Motorway (UK) Local roads Ring roads Bypass freeway (USA) arterial road main road

Building developments Demolish existing buildings Level a site Lay foundations Apply for planning permission or safety certificates Connect to electricity grid Install sewerage system/piping/sanitation Access to water supply Access to river Poor quality/sub-standard materials/construction/ housing Waste/garbage disposal Social issues Crime criminal criminality Murder Murderer Theft Thief Pickpocketing pickpocket Mugging mugger Drug addiction drug traffickers Poor/Ill health Lack of/Poor education Security/safety crime rate

Income disparity/Income inequality/difference Unemployment unemployed/Jobless Homeless sheltered housing for homeless Poverty relief/welfare Child labour Decrease/reduce/become less Increase/expand/grow/intensify Evict from Evacuate Relocate (throw out of a house ) (empty a building, airplane or area) Note: could be for a positive reason!

Prepositions In a classroom/building/sports hall/arena/airport/train station/the corridor In the playground On the floor/walls/ceiling/tennis court/table/riverbank/sports filed On the roof/the grass In the sun/shade/rainy season/monsoon In the past Buy/purchase at a high price Drop off children at school Pick up children from school It accounted for 80% Phrases from presentations The main objective/aim of my thesis/ research was to To maintain/keep the original character of the focal point was not typically Japanese.. traditional houses overcapped walkway support beams communal washrooms Since 2000 we have The population is decreasing slightly/gradually The population increased rapidly/has doubled A multi-purpose space/room To block out the (traffic) noise Rice fields Drama school To use a dramatic context