Optical Fibre Communication Systems

Lecture 8 - Systems

Professor Z Ghassemlooy
Electronics & It Division School of Engineering Sheffield Hallam University U.K. www.shu.ac.uk/ocr
Prof. Z Ghassemlooy 1

Contents
System Design Digital Systems

Analogue Systems

Link Power Budget Link Rise Time (Bandwidth) Budget Transmission Distance

Prof. Z Ghassemlooy

Fiber Optic System Design

i There are many factors that must be considered to ensure that enough light reaches the receiver. Without the right amount of light, the entire system will not operate properly.

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Fiber Optic System Design- Step-byStep

i Select the most appropriate optical transmitter and receiver combination based upon the signal to be transmitted (Analog, Digital, Audio, Video, RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, etc.). i Determine the operating power available (AC, DC, etc.). i Determine the special modifications (if any) necessary (Impedances, bandwidths, connectors, fiber size, etc.). i Carry out system link power budget. i Carry out system rise time budget (I.e. bandwidth budget).
i If it is discovered that the fiber bandwidth is inadequate for transmitting the required signal over the necessary distance, then either select a different transmitter/receiver (wavelength) combination, or consider the use of a lower loss premium fiber
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Digital Systems
iCompared with analogue systems:
It Gives superior performance It reduces problems associated with the optical source nonlinearities and temperature dependency (in baseband transmission)

iProvide ideal channel for data transmission iInformation is carried in the baseband using Intensity Modulation (IM).

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Link Power Budget

Pt Po

Total loss LT = f L + lc + lsp

Pt Po = LT + SM
Po = Receiver sensitivity (i.e. minimum power requirement) SM = System margin (to ensure that small variation the system operating
parameters do not result in an unacceptable decrease in system performance)
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Link Power Budget - Example 1

Parameters
Transmitter
Average transmitted power Fibre coupling losses 3 mW 4.8 dBm -3.7 dB -15.7 dB -10 dB -0.79 dB 0 dB All lossess -26.79 dBm -31 dBm +4.1 dB

Value

dB

Channel
Fibre loss Splitting losses Splice & Connector losses Fibre dispersion & nonlinearity

Receiver
Signal power at the receiver Receiver sensitivity

System Margin (-20 dBm -(-30 dBm))

Prof. Z Ghassemlooy

Link Power Budget - Example 2

i Transmitter
Date rate = 500 Mb/s Source Laser @ 1300 nm Coupling power = 2 mW (3 dBm) into a 10 um fibre.

i Channel
Mono mode fibre of length 60 km and a loss of 0.3 dB/km Connector loss = 1 dB/connector Splicing every 5 km with a loss = 0.5 dB /splice

i Receiver:
PIN @ 1300 nm BER = 10-9

i System margin = ?
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Link Power Budget - Example 2 contd.

Receiver sensitivity -29 dBm

Pt Po = LT + SM
LT = 2(1 dB) + 0.3(60) + 0.5 (11) = 25.5 dB thus 3 +29 = 25.5 dB+SM therefore SM = 5.5 dB G Keiser
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Link-Power Budget - Example 3

Launch power into fibre Link power budget can be shown graphically in terms of receiver sensitivity Vs. the data rate L Launch power into fibre LED/PIN, @ 20 Mbps G Keiser
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1 dB

Link-Power Budget - contd.

iDispersion -equalisation penalty is given as:

DL = 2 2BT 2

(dB)

Where BT is the bit rate, is the rms pulse width. Therefore, the total channel loss is given as:

Total loss LT = f L + lc + lsp + DL

(dB)

DL is only significant in wideband multi-mode fibre systems

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Rise Time Budget

iThe system design must also take into account the temporal response of the system components. iThe total loss LT (given in the power budget section) is determined in the absence of the any pulse broadening due to dispersion. iFinite bandwidth of the system (transmitter, channel, receiver) may results in pulse spreading (i.e. intersymbol interference), giving a reduction in the receiver sencitivity. I.e. worsening of BER or SNR iThe additional loss penalty is known as dispersionequalisation or ISI penalty.
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Rise Time Budget - contd.

The total system rise time
t sys
2

t sys = t

2 = ti i 1
N

0 .5

+t

inter

+t

intra

+t

0. 5

Fibre Source intermodal

Fibre intramodal Detector

1 2RC

Note - 3 dB bandwidth of a simple low pass RC filter is given as:

B=

With a step input voltage into the RC filter, the rise time of the output voltage is: 0.35
t r = 2.2 B = B
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Rise Time Budget - contd.

For a fibre optic link:
1 For RZ data format 0

t sys = t r =
1

0.35 B

Bit rate R = B = 1 /
BRZ = 0.35 t sys

For NRZ data format 2

Bit rate R = B = 1 / 2
BNRZ
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0.75 = t sys
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Transmission Distance -1st window

Multi-mode, Input power Pt = -13 dB LED (0 dBm laser), fibre loss = 3.5 dB/km, SM = 6 dB, BER = 10-9

(0.07ns/(nm-km) @ =800 nm)

for fibre with bandwidth of 800 MHz/km

G Keiser

Po: -51dBm Si PIN -64 dBm Si APD

Po: -38dBm -57dBm

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Transmission Distance -3rd window

D = 2.5 ps/(nm.km), fibre loss = 0.3 dB/km@ 1550nm, Pt = 0 dBm laser, Po = 11.5 log B -71dBm forAPD, and = 11.5 log B- 60.5 dBm for pin

G Keiser

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Analogue System
iThe system must have sufficient bandwidth to pass the HIGEST FREQUENCIES. iLink Power budget is the same as in digital systems iRise Time budget is also the same, except for the system bandwidth which is defined as:

Bsys

0.35 = t sys

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