9/18/2013

Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction Applications

Pulley (Raising or lowering loads) Capstan (Use less smaller force to hold loads)

Torque Transmission

Band brakes

Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction

Theory
Relate T1 and T2 when belt is about to slide to right.

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Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction

Theory
T2 / T1 e
s
Condition for impending slip for belt about to slide toward right (T2 > T1 ) T2 = Tension in the belt that pulls T1 =Tension in the belt that resist The formula can be applied for impending slip condition for problems involving: 1. Flat belt passing over a fixed cylindrical drum 2. Ropes/Belt wrapped around a post or capstan or pulleys 3. Belt drives, both pulley and belt rotate Angle of contact shall be expressed in radian If the belt or rope is actually slipping (relative slip between belt/rope and drum/pulley)

T2 / T1 e k

Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction

Problem-1
A cord is wiped twice around a capstan A and three times around second capstan B. Finally cord goes over a half barrel section and supports a mass M of 500 kg. What is tension T required to maintain this load? Take coefficient of friction 0.1 for all surfaces of contact.

Solution:
Maximum value of tension can be found out by upward impending motion of mass M for which Mg<T. Minimum value of tension can be found out by the impending downward motion of M for which Mg>T .

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Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction

Problem-1
SOLUTION: M=500 Kg, A=4, B=6, pulley=0.5 For impending downward motion of M , Mg > T2>T1> T

For 181.15 <T<132811.04 N, the load will be held in place .

Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction

Problem-2
A cable passes around three 2-in.-radius pulleys and supports two blocks as shown. Two of the pulleys ( D and E) are locked to prevent rotation, while the third pulley is rotated slowly at a constant speed. Knowing that the coefficients of friction between the cable and the pulleys are
s 0.20
k 0.15

determine the largest weight which can be raised if pulley C is rotated .

Solution: Impending slip at C Slips at D and E

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Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction

Problem-2
Note: sin 1
C D

r 30 rad, 2r 6
E

2 , 2 6 3

C is rotated clockwise slowly

W A T2e s C ,

T1 T2e k D ,
WA 16 lb e

16 lb T1ek E
e 16 lb e
0.15 53

k E D s C

e0.20 23

11.09 lb

Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction

Belt Drives
T2 >T1

Driver Pulley Connected to electric motor (say). An external torque (M) is applied M1

Torque Transmitted M1= (T2-T1)*0.2

Connected to a machine tool (say). Torque transferred to the pulley by the Driven pulley machine tool is M1

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Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction

Problem-3
A flat belt connects pulley A, which drives the a machine tool, to pulley B ,which is attached to shaft of an electric motor. The coefficients of friction are s = 0.25 and k = 0.20 between both pulleys and the belt. Knowing that the maximum allowable tension in the belt is 600 N, determine the largest torque which can be exerted by the belt on pulley A.

Solution:
Since slipping depends upon angle of contact and coefficient of friction ,pulley B will slip first.(Since it is having same coefficient of friction but smaller angle of contact than pulley A). For the maximum tension in one side of belt of pulley B, resistance tension in other side should be found out. From moment about center of pulley A ,maximum allowable torque can be found out. For no slip at A , s < (s) max condition should be satisfied at pulley A.

Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction

Problem-3
SOLUTION:

Pulley-B

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Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction

Problem-3
Pulley-A
Here couple MA is applied to the pulley by the machine tool to which it is attached and is equal and opposite to the torque exerted by the belt.

Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction Problem-4

Solution Relative slip between belt and drum Moment equilibrium of drum about center of drum will give tension generated in both side of the drum. Again moment equilibrium of lever about point B will give the force P

A differential band brake is used to control the speed of a drum which rotates at a constant speed. Knowing that the coefficient of kinetic friction between the belt and the drum is 0.30 and that a couple of magnitude 125 lb-ft is applied to the drum, determine the corresponding magnitude of the force P that is exerted on end D of the lever when the drum is rotating (a) clockwise, (b) counter clockwise.

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Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction Problem-4

SOLUTION:

Engineering Mechanics: Belt Friction Problem-4

Lever