Pumping Downhill Can Be A Good Solution

Unique Challenges To Pumping Downhill

Hydraulic Transient Analysis Case Study City Of Indianapolis, IN
Randy Vanderwerf, P.E., Clark Dietz, Inc. Omkar Ghavi, E.I., Clark Dietz, Inc.

March 20, 2012

Belmont North Service Area

Belmont North Interceptor (BNI)

BNI System
Separate Sanitary Sewer System
Sewers 27 inch to 54 inch

Limited Interceptor Capacity Wet Weather Sanitary Sewer Overflows

Separate Relief Interceptor

Eliminate Wet Weather Capacity Limit 20-year Build-out of Service Area

BNRI Advanced Facility Plan

~ 25 ft

~ 40 ft

50 ft Drop

BNRI Advanced Facility Plan

Value Engineering

Population Projection Rainfall Pattern

Alternative Routes
Constructability Environmental Impacts

Construction Costs Present Worth

Flow Reduction

Project Costs

BNRI Advanced Facility Plan

780

Belmont North Lift Station Flows

760 740

Peak Hour 38 MGD Daily Average 7 MGD Daily Minimum 3 MGD

Pumps 3 Operating 1 Standby

720

700

680

BNRI Force Main Profile

Force Main Static HGL

Air Pockets

Steady State HGL at 38 MGD

Standpipe Standpipe
745.00

Belmont Belmont North Lift Lift North Station Station

735.00

50 ft Drop

BNRI Force Main

Force Main Present Worth Analysis
Electrical Cost

Pump Cost

Ferric Chloride Cost

42 Force Main

BNRI Advanced Facility Plan

Project Cost: $222 Million Lift Station & Force Main Savings $ 49 Million
Belmont North Lift Station
42

42

42

Standpipe
42

Surge Analysis: Criteria

Criteria BNRI Conditions
TDH ~ 116 ft Flow = 26,200 GPM Force Main ~ 28,350 ft Valleys and Peaks Knee at ~ 15,000 ft

TDH > 50 ft Flow > 500 GPM Pipe > 1,000 ft High Points Profile: Knees

Investigate Hydraulic Transients

Typical Causes
Valve Movement : Opening / Closing Starting or Stopping Pump(s) with

Other Pump(s) Operating

Change in Flow Demand

Frequent Variation in Water Level

Pump Trip due to Power Failure

Impacts of Transients
High Pressure
Failure Pumps, Valves Pipe Rupture Disintegration of Pipe Lining Pipe Leaks

Low Pressure
Cavitation and Column Separation Collapsing of Pipe Intrusion of Contaminants Vapor Cavities: Very High Pressures

Surge Analysis: Importance

Select & Design Pipe to Withstand

Pressures
Select Appropriate Check Valves Surge Control Devices
Alleviate Adverse Transient Effects
Proper Selection and Location Start-up / Shutdown Procedures

Surge Control Devices

Modify Conditions by Providing Liquid or Air to Piping System

Active Devices

Surge Tank

Surge Control Devices

Passive Devices

Limit Extent of High or Low Pressure

Air Release Valves

Surge Tanks Normally Located at Lift Station

Protection against Pump Power Loss

Pressurized Vessels (Air + Water) Supply Liquid to Pipeline

Must Not Empty / Allow Air to Enter

Initial Air Quantity: Large

Limit Rate of Pressure Drop

Surge Analysis Model

Peak Flow at 38 MGD

Steady State Pump Trip: 100% to 0% in 4 seconds Monitor Pressures for 320 seconds

Surge Model Layout

Surge Analysis at 38 MGD

1600 840

820

No Surge Steady State Protection

Several Times Steady State Pressure Max. Pressure Belmont Min. Pressure North Lift Conditions Station Location Duration

Force Force Main Main Steady Steady State State HGL HGL at at 38 38 MGD MGD HGL after 16 seconds Pressure Envelope

1400 800

Very High Positive Head

780 1200

760

Standpipe 183 psi -14.4 psi Full Vacuum Everywhere 320 sec Negative Head Elevation

1000 740

720 800

700

Important ARV Features

Avoid Rapid Air Expulsion
Secondary Surges
Two / Three Stages: Restrict Air Release

Proprietary Designs:
Surge Check Valves Bias Mechanisms Throttling Devices

Sealing Pressure < Static Head

Valve Doesnt Seal: Discharge Sewage

ARV Selection
Air Valve Considerations Non-slam Feature Sealing Pressure Materials Cost
Force Main Static HGL Steady State HGL at 38 MGD Air Valve

Standpipe Belmont North Lift Station

ARV Sealing Pressure Criteria

Force Main Static HGL Steady State HGL at 38 MGD Air Valve Valve Sealing Head

Standpipe Belmont North Lift Station

Surge Analysis Model: Modifications

Surge Analysis at 38 MGD

Force Main Steady State HGL at 38 MGD HGL after 16 seconds Pressure Envelope
840 1600

Air Valves
Surge Conditions with No Protection
1400

820

800

780 1200

760

740

720

Max. Pressure Min. Pressure Conditions Location Duration

55 psi -14.4 psi Partial Vacuum Several 320 sec

1000 800

700

Surge Tanks: Sewage Applications

Hydro-pneumatic Tank
Air Compressor: Control Gas Volume

Bladder Tank
Pre-charged Pressurized Bladder

Hybrid Tank
Air Vent: Utilize Atmospheric Air

Surge Tanks: Sewage Applications

Hybrid Tank

Courtesy: Charlatte America

Sewage Surge Tanks Evaluation

HydroPneumatic Bladder Hybrid

Cost

O&M Issues

Effectiveness

Surge Analysis at 38 MGD

Force Main Steady State HGL at 38 MGD HGL after 16 seconds Pressure Envelope
840

Air Valves & Hybrid Tank

820

800

780

760

740

Max. Pressure Min. Pressure Conditions Location Duration

52 psi -12 psi Partial Vacuum One <0.1sec

PCCP Force Main

720

700

Installation: Standpipe

Installation: Lift Station

Acknowledgements
Citizens Water, City of Indianapolis Dr. Don Wood, KYPipe Gwen Phalempin, Charlatte Of America Frank Smith, Pipe Tech, Inc. Naftali Zloczower, A.R.I. Valves Garren Amdur, Vent-O-Mat Valves Larry Beynart, Pulsco