Writing outline 1. 2. 3. 4. Problem statement Abstract Introduction with purpose Findings (Min of 3) a. Speed i.

Limit speed of 100 => higher than others ii. High speeding rate Conclusions Recommendations (min of 3) Reference list (min of 3) At least 1 graphic or chart. Put it in turn it in with a COVER Sources: academic and English originated.

5. 6. 7. 8. -

Abstract
This report will .

Introduction

Speed
Data adapted from From the data, we can see that they both have a bad enforcement for the law (less than or equal 5). Ethiopia, in where the maximum limit speed is lowest, has the lowest traffic fatalities rate. Inversely, Kenya, which according to the law established in has the maximum speed at rural at 100kmph has the highest rate of deaths which are relevant to traffic accidents. Ethiopia has a rural speed of 50kmph, higher than others but still smallest in traffic deaths. Uganda and Zambia has the same limit speeds and come up having the same rate of traffic fatalities.

If you are hit by a vehicle which is travelling at the speed of 50 or 60kmph, your chance of survive is 80%. If you got hit by a front of a vehicle which is travelling at 80kmph, that chance drops to 40% (haft). And if a 100kmph car hits you, you are most certainly died. In Kenya, the limited speed in urban area is 50kmph, which is recommended (WHO, 2009). However, the speed limit in rural area is 100kmph is quite a problem.

The table shows the neighboring countries of Kenya, their speed limit in both urban and rural area and the traffic fatalities of the countries. It can be observed that most countries set their speed limit in urban area at the recommended 50kmph. Kenya has the highest speed limit in rural area and Ethiopia has the lowest speed limit among 5 mentioned countries. Unsurprisingly, Kenya has the highest traffic fatalities rate and Ethiopia has the lowest. In Kenya, it is legal for vehicles to travel at 100kmph in rural areas. This

also means that if someone got hit by a vehicle in rural Kenya (which will not be rare), that person will have only 10% of surviving the accident. If putting Kenya in comparison with other neighboring countries, we can see the trend. Countries with lower maximum speed in rural area tend to have fewer fatalities regarding traffic accidents. For example, Ethiopia, which sets the limit at rural area at 70kmph, has the lowest rate of 2.5. Besides, it can be observed from the table that even though Ethiopia has a higher maximum speed limit in urban area, they still have the lowest fatalities compared to other countries. This is mostly because traffic congestions, which are a common thing in urban areas, do not allow urban drivers many chances to speed up.

Limit speed at rural area (50, 60) does not make big difference because in urban area there are traffic congestions which do not allow people to drive fast. However, the speed of 100kmph in rural area can result in a higher death rate. That was because there were less serious traffic congestions in rural area and the enforcement in rural area is tent to be weaker than that at cities. This graph shows the maximum limit speed at rural and urban road of Kenya and neighboring countries. Of course there are much more than only an allowed speed to decide a fatalities rate but there is a correlation between speed and fatalities. The difference between death rate hit by a car of 50kmph and 60kmph is 10% and 20% of death. That was not high. Beside, in the urban area, there are often traffic congestions which do not allow people many chances to speed up to 100kmph. On the other hand, Description: The limit speeding of 100kmph in rural area Got hit by 100kmph vehicle -> die In urban: hardly can ride that fast because of traffic congestion.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SPEED

Set down to 70 (like Ethiopia) Enforcement o More police Education o Risk of speeding Campaign Employ technology to control the speed

MOTORISATION
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Kenya MalawiEthiopiaUganda Zambia Kenya has the highest number of road motor vehicles per 1000 persons (29), followed by Zambia (23). The least motorized country among those mentioned countries is Ethiopia, in which there are 3 motor vehicles for each 1000 persons. The higher the motorization rate the higher the traffic fatalities rate. With almost 10 times higher in motorization rate, Kenya has the RTFs rates around 4 times higher than Ethiopia. The higher density of motor vehicles, the higher chance for vehicle vehicle accidents or vehicle pedestrians/cyclist accidents happen. This will lead to a respectively higher RTFs rate. For example, in Kenya, along with the expansion of the motorcycle market in Kenya is the higher number of accidents involving this kind of means of transportation. As it is reported by Daily Nation (2009), Between January and June, 1,953 people died in road accidents, according to the latest national figures released by the police. Most of the victims were pedestrians, with 843 people being ran over as they tried to cross the streets and highways.
10.2 5.1 3 2.5 14 8.4 9.7 17 29 23

Number of Road Motor Vehicles per 1000 Persons Road Traffic Fatalities per 100,000 Persons

DRIVERS BEHAVIORS
The reason for this is the poor behaviors of drivers of which the number is increasing due to motorization. There are many factors behind road traffic crashes, but human error is the greatest, with over 85% of crashes caused by errors, such as speeding, dangerous overtaking, driving whilst drunk and poor use of the road (http://www.uitp.org/knowledge/pdf/Report_on_statistical_indicators_of_publictransportperformancei nS-SA.pdf) For example, in a report of WHO in 2009, around 50% in Thika speeding. ~~~ This issue is mainly a result of a problematic driving schools and license testing system and the weak enforcement (Becker, 2011) . Baker claims in his paper Obstacles for non-motorized transport in developing countries a case study of Nairobi, Kenya (2011) that Driving schools act in a highly competitive market so they do a lot of effort to make their students pass. Offices usually have no classroom environment for theoretic driving education, no written/oral test is required, no curriculum is existing, the number of practical driving lessons is low and driving schools are not subject to quality standards and governmental inspections. The driving test itself is sometimes just a few minutes long and the general public opinion does not consider it as a difficult task. http://www.aetransport.org/documents/Becker.pdf This is partly because there are very few driving test examiners. As a result, one examiner handles too many candidates in one daycause an average of about three road crashes in dense traffic zones like the city of Nairobi during their first month of driving. http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/1370RECOMMENDATIONS Educations, campaign, passengers voice (like the model in Nairobi) "Driving test reforms

HEALTH CARE