Experiment No: __ STUDY OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Object: To study operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump. Theory:

A centrifugal pump consists of essentially an impeller rotating inside the casing. The impeller has a number of curved vanes. Due to the centrifugal head impressed by the rotation of impeller, the water enters at the center and flows outward to the periphery. It is then collected in a gradually increasing passage in the casing known as volute chamber which serves to convert part of the velocity head multistage centrifugal pumps having two or more impellers in series will have to be used. During operation the centrifugal pump is normally required to the run at constant speed, which is its design speed. Hence set of characteristics obtained under designed speed is known as operating characteristics. The curve predicts performance of pump if it is run at any other discharge.

Apparatus: Centrifugal Pump test rig, Tachometer, stopwatch, energy meter etc. Details of Apparatus:
The test pump is a single stage centrifugal pump of size 1x 1 (25 mm X 25 mm). It is coupled to a 1 Hp capacity single phase D.C. motor. An energy meter and a stopwatch are provided to measure the input to the motor and a collecting tank to measure the actual discharge. A pressure gauge and vacuum gauges are fitted in the delivery and suction pipe lines to measure the pressure. Note: 1. Since the centrifugal pump is not self-priming, the pump must be filled with water (priming) before starting. For this reason, water should not be allowed to drain off and thus a foot-valve is provided. 2. The suction side is 1 Dia and the delivery side is 1 Dia. An energymeter is provided to measure the input to the motor and a collecting tank to measure the discharge. A pressure gauge and vacuum gauge are fitted in the delivery and suction sides to measure the head.

Specifications:
1. Type: C.I.R. make 1 Hp, single phase, centrifugal pump. 2. Maximum head: 30 m. 3. Energy meter constant: 3200 imp/kWhr 5. Throat diameter: 25 mm 6. Dimensions of measuring tank: 50 cm X 35 cm.

7. Motor efficiency: 80 % Procedure: 1. Prime the pump with water if required. 2. Close the delivery valve (Discharge Control valve) completely. 3. Start the motor and note the reading of suction head, pressure head and time required for collecting 10 cm of water and also time required for 5 blinks. 4. Note the various readings mentioned below: a. The pressure gauge reading, G b. The vacuum gauge reading, V c. Time for 5 pulses in the energymeter by means of stopwatch d. Time for 50 mm rise of water level in the collecting tank by means of stop watch. e. The level difference between the pressure and vacuum gauge, X 5. Take at least 4 to 5 sets of reading varying the head from maximum at shut off to minimum where valve is fully open. This can be done by throttling the delivery valve.

Observations:
1. Area of measuring Tank (A) = 500x350 mm2 2. Energy meter constant (N) = 3200 pulses/KW Hr 3. Level difference between vacuum gauge and pressure gauge = 200 mm

Observation Table:
Sr No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Speed of Pump Pressure Gauge Reading (G) Kg/cm2 Vacuum Gauge Reading (V) Kg/cm2 Time required for 5 pulses of energy meter (T) Sec Time required for 50 mm rise of water level (t)

Observation Table:
Actual Sr Total Head (H) Discharge No mtr of water (Q) m3/s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Output Power of Pump (Po) Watts Input Power of Pump (Pi) Watts Efficiency of Pump () %

Calculations:
1. Actual Discharge(Q): Q Where, A = Area of measuring tank h = Rise of water level in the tank = 0.05 m T = Time required for rise of water in the tank 2. Total Haead (H): H=G+V+X Where, G = Pressure gauge reading V = Vacuum gauge reading X = Level difference = 0.2 m 3. Output Power of Pump (Po): Po = x Q x H Where, = Unit weight of water = 9810

Q = Actual discharge H = Total head 4. Input Power (Pi):

Where, N = Energy meter constant T = Time required for 5 pulses 5. Efficiency of pump (): =

x 100

Conclusion:
Draw the characteristic graphs: 1. Actual discharge Vs Total head 2. Actual discharge Vs Efficiency 3. Actual discharge Vs Input power 4. Actual discharge Vs Output power

Result:
Thus the performance characteristics of centrifugal pump was studied and the maximum efficiency was found to be _________