INDUCTION LEVEL TRAINING AT RTC MSETCL AURANGABAD

Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC)

Work book 1
(For Private Circulation only)

Guided by Shashank S. Jewalikar SE TCC MSETCL Aurangabad

Dedicated to My mother who taught me to do my best at all times

Compiled by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune Mobile no. 9405600828 (P) / 9767104420 (O) E mail ID - kulkarni.sunildatta@gmail.com, dyeetelecom@gmail.com First Edition (dt. 4/12/2012)

Notes

Page 1 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Power Line Carrier Communication

Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

The power line carrier communication is a technology which uses __________________________ as physical media for ______________, __________& ______________________________________ transmission.

Fig Power line carrier communication As shown in fig the __________________________________________ are used for communication instead of separate telephone lines. Power lines are extremely robust & connect the nodal points between which communication is normally required. Who helps you to keep Electrical power flowing? ____________________________ Networks help power utilities keep _______________ flowing all the way from generator to consumer. Power utility operators communicate with each other to ____________________________ & exchange all kinds of ________________________ information.
Speech, data, protection signal, power line, communication, power line conductors, operational, co ordinate actions, electricity Page 2 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Exercise Look at the pictures & write their names in the blanks provided below the pictures.

1.__________________________

2_________________________

3_______________________

4 ________________

5 ____________________

6_______________

Page 3 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

________ TRAP
Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

Wave traps are _______________ connected to the transmission lines. The Wave trap is ___________ tuned circuit that presents _________ impedance to carrier frequencies (50 KHz to 500 KHz) and ___________ impedance to the power frequency (50 Hz). Main components 1. L (Main Coil) The coil is rated to carry _______ line power frequency current. 2. Tuning Pot is used to ___________ the carrier frequency entering the substation.

3. LA (Protective device) protects against high voltage __________ caused by _____________________ or _______________________________.

In Wave trap Main Coil, LA & Tuning device are _________ connected to each other.

The __________________ of a trap is judged by its _________________ loss & Blocking ______________________________. For an ideal wave trap the insertion loss would be _____________ & blocking attenuation __________________. For a well designed wave trap insertion loss is 1 to 3 dB & Blocking Attenuation is 8 to 10 dB.
Insertion, Attenuation, Series, Parallel, Wave, Low, Shunt, High, Full, surges, Efficiency, Block, infinite, switching operations, zero, Atmospheric effects Page 4 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Exercise 1. Label the parts of Line trap (Wave trap) given below.

Page 5 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Exercise Select Blocking band for Power line carrier terminal having frequency 176/172 U KHz.

Fig Tuning pot

1. Band I (90 150 ) KHz - Connect the Line trap across A & B and Short B & B1. 2. Band II ( 150 500 ) KHz Connect the line trap across C & D and Short D & D1. Answer

Page 6 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Coupling ___________________________
Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

The main _____________ of coupling Capacitor is twofold. 1. _______________ Of PLCC terminals from ___________________ voltage. 2. ________________ the HF signal with __________________ attenuation. It is permanently energized by the ____________ voltage of the power line and should be able to withstand, without damage, the over voltages due to steep fronted waves, which may on occasions reach several times the rated voltages. One end of the Coupling Capacitor must be securely connected to ____________. Otherwise _______________ voltages up to the magnitude of the operating voltage may occur on the equipment side of the capacitor.

Protection ,Purpose, Extra High , Minimum, Coupling, Passing, Over, Ground, Normal, capacitor

Exercise 2. Label the parts of Coupling Capacitor given below.

Page 7 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Capacitive ______________ Transformer

Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

CVT consists of Coupling __________________________________ & ________________________________________________Transformer.

_________________________________ Transformer for ____________________________or control & Coupling Capacitor for ___________________________________ communication.

Voltage, Capacitor, Potential, Monitoring, Carrier

Page 8 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Line _________________ unit (LMU) or coupling device (CD)

LMU is mounted on the structure that supports the coupling capacitor. Exercise 1. Label the parts of Line Matching Unit (LMU) given below.

Page 9 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

1. BT ______________________________ provides better _______________________ & couples the output of the PLC terminal to the coupling filter. It ensures the carrier signals are in healthy condition even under the failure of any of the coupled phases & thus provides greater channel dependability.

2. MT ______________________________________________________ performs the function of ________________________ matching and high voltage ______________ between carrier equipment & line side.

3. The coupling filter together with the external coupling capacitor forms a T section __________________________________________________.

Matching Transformer, Balancing Transformer, Phase splitting, Impedance, Band Pass filter, Isolation

Exercise 2. Select the Pass band of LMU for Power Line Carrier Terminal having frequency ( 176/172 ) U KHz Pass band 1. 35 - 50 KHz 2. 50 90 KHz 3. 90 500 KHz
Page 10 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Three elements _____________________ device

Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

Three element protection device The three element Protection device consists of ____________________ coil, LA & ____________________________ switch.

1. ________________________________ for draining of ________________ frequency currents to earth.

2. LA for ____________________ protection at the primary terminals of coupling device. 3. Earthing switch for _______________ and _________________ earthing of primary Terminals.
Direct, Protection, Efficient, Drain, Earth, Drain coil, Power, Transients Page 11 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Insulated Single Conductor Lead in wire

Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

To connect the coupling capacitor to the ____________________________, use an ____________________________________________________________________. Bare __________________ & ____________________________ cable should not be used for this because it is possible to introduce excessive ___________________________ with former case & excessive ________________________________ with the latter. The connection between the CC & LMU is a _____________________ impedance point in the ___________________________ tuned circuit formed by the tuning inductor & coupling capacitor. Stray capacitance & leakage to ground will increase the ___________________ of LMU and affect the _________________________.

Bandwidth, Losses, Series, High, Coaxial, Conductors, leakage to Ground, Capacitance, Insulated single conductor lead in wire , Line matching Unit Page 12 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

HF Cable or Coaxial cable

Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

Coaxial cable is a __________ conductor cable made of a single conductor surrounded by a ________________________, with a plastic insulating material separating the two.
. The coaxial cable provides ____________________________ so that noise cannot

get into the cable and cause ________________________________.

The characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable is either _____ or _________ Ohms. Characteristic Impedance( Z0 ) of a transmission line is defined as the ratio of the voltage to the current of a traveling wave on a line of __________________ length. Characteristic impedance of line, Z 0 = 276 log D/r Where D-Distance between Conductors, r- Radius of Conductor Characteristic Impedance is also known as _______________________ Impedance, due to the temporarily ______________________________________________ behavior of any length transmission line .

75, Resistive, Shielding, Surge, Infinite, 125 , Braided wire jacket, two, interference,

Page 13 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Power line Carrier Terminal (PLCT)

Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

Fig Power line Carrier Terminal Power line carrier Terminal ________________ a input signal of 4 KHz bandwidth to the Radio Frequency RF signal and ____________________ this signal to the desired output power level up to ________ watts.

The RF range in PLCC system is _______KHz to __________KHz.

PLCC works on Modulation and Demodulation Process. _____________________ is a technique used to convert a ________ frequency signal (information signal) to a higher frequency signal (modulated signal) using a ______________ frequency signal (carrier). __________________ is the opposite technique where information signal is extracted from the carrier. Modulation & Demodulation requires ____________ frequency which is generated in PLCC Panel.
Carrier, Amplitude, Demodulation, Modulation, Low, higher, 500 , 50 , converts, amplifies, 40

Page 14 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Power Line Carrier Link (PLC link)

Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

(Make, Type, SC/TC & Tx Rx Fr.)

(Make, Type,SC/TC & Tx Rx Fr.)

PLCC Terminals /Panels /sets/Cabinets are used as a ___________, one at each end of the power line (between substations)

Each PLCC Terminal is designated for a set of _______________ and _____________ frequencies (Channel Frequencies). These frequencies may be ______________ or _________________.

The corresponding PLCC terminal at the other end will be designated for the _______________ value of the transmission and reception frequencies.

The channel Frequency will be either in __ KHz or ____ KHz bandwidth depending upon _________ channel or _______ channel.

8,4, Single, Twin, reverse, Separate, pair, adjacent, Receive, transmit,

Page 15 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Exercise Fill in the blanks

1. PLCC freq band from ______to ___________KHz

2. Pilot Frequency

________________Hz

3. Telephone frequency from _____to ________Hz

4. Dial Frequency __________________Hz

5. Guard Frequency _________________Hz

6. Protection (Trip) Frequency ________Hz

7. Data Frequency band _____________ KHz

Page 16 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

PLCC Coupling Schemes

Economic, Engineering & common sense
Mode 1 coupling Center ph to Outer ph (No Mode 3) Center ph to Ground ( No mode 2) Outer ph to outer ph with Ground return (No mode 2) Outer ph to Ground ( All 3 modes)

Modal Analysis
Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

Modal analysis is a ________________ tool similar to symmetrical components used for analyzing __________________ faults on three phase power systems. It can be shown that the number of natural _________ is equal to the number of ____________ involved in the propagation, For example, _____ nodes in the case of a ____________ circuit line with __________ earth wires earthed at each tower The phase conductor currents or voltages can be ___________ into ________ sets of natural mode components at any point on a lossy, reflection free three phase line. Each mode has its own characteristics.

Resolved, three, mathematical, unbalanced, nodes, conductors, single, three,

Page 17 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Mode 1 is the _______ attenuated and least ____________ dependent Mode 2 is __________ frequency dependent and has more ___________ than mode 1. Mode 3 is the ___________ attenuated mode and is propagated on all _____ phases and ___________ via the ground. 1. Centre Phase to Ground Coupling

2. Outer Phase to Ground Coupling

3. Center to Outer Push Pull coupling

4. Outer to Outer Push Push coupling

Least, Frequency, attenuation, more, highest, three, returns

Page 18 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

PLCC Network

Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

Telephone 1. A user end instrument that is used to transmit & receive ______________ frequency signals. Voice frequency is audio range used for transmission of __________ ( _______ to _________________ Hz) Telephone bandwidth for a ________ voice frequency channel is ______________KHz.

2.

3.

Single, 4, Voice, Speech, 3400 , 300,

Page 19 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Main Parts of Telephone

Transmitter (________________________) Receiver (_____________________________) Hook switch Keypad

Tone Dialing

PLCC Numbering Scheme

PLCC Numbering scheme is ___________ numbering scheme. Whenever subscriber dials a number he knows whether he is dialing for the local exchange or remote PLCC exchange. The dialing is ___________________ to the subscriber.

Network Access code + Reachable ID + Subscriber no. 0 + 32 + 41

Transparent, Open, Speaker, Microphone Page 20 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

Conventional __________ distance Protection System

Fig Conventional Protection System

Fig Trip Logic In the absence of communication link, the operation of End zone fault is _______________ & ___________________________________________ is not possible.

Zone 1 time Zone 2 time Zone 3 time

400 KV 0 ms 300 ms 500 ms

Auto reclosing, longer, 3 Zone

220 KV 0 ms 400 ms 700 ms

Page 21 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

Carrier _________________ Protection

Carrier aided protection scheme is used for ________________ tripping of near & far end ______________________.

Protection Coupler equipments can be used along with PLCC terminals for Tele protection requirements.

Fig Carrier aided protection

Fig Trip Logic for Carrier aided Protection

Circuit Breakers, Simultaneous, Aided Page 22 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Complete the sentences with the words from the box given below

Principle of operation
Under ________________ conditions, i.e. when there is __________________ in the line, _______________ frequency or frequencies G1 & G2 will be continuously transmitted through the PLC channel for monitoring the __________________ of the equipment. In the event of operation of protection due to ___________, the guard signals will be cut & corresponding ___________________signals will be transmitted in the _______________band. ____________ & any other _______________ transmission are interupted while the trip signals are being transmitted.

Exercise

Show Protection Signal Path from sub A to B in Figure below

Trip, Normal, Guard, healthiness, no fault, Speech, Data, fault, Page 23 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Data / Telemetering
PLCC terminals can be used for sending / receiving data signals for Telemetering, etc. The input signal for this channel will be between 2000 to 4000 HZ. VFT MODEM will be connected with PLCC for this purpose along with RTU. The NSK 5 is a new, fully programmable frequency shift keying (FSK) modem for data transmission over PLC links.

Speed of the data transmission starts from 50 Baud (Available 50.100, 200, .300, 600, 1200 & 2400 Baud) Generally 300 or 600 Baud rate is used over PLCC. In case of more Baud rate is required Full AF Band of PLCC to be used. Output & Input of NSK 5 to be interfaced with data Input & Output section of PLCC.

Page 24 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune

Programming with NSK 5

Switch S1 1,2,3 for baud rate setting & 4 to 8 for Transmit frequency setting Switch S2 - 1,2,3 for Rx sensitivity setting & 4 to8 for Receive frequency setting
CA.CB,CC,CD,CE,CF Transmit level setting AH/AF, AB/AA Jumper setting for Transmitter & Receiver termination impedance

Page 25 of 26 PLCC Workbook 1 by Sunildatta V Kulkarni DyEE PLCC MSETCL Pune