1.

Ppl who were scorned frst fr their beliefs n ideologies bt later vindicated: Charles Darwin fr theory of evolution linking humans to apes.Copernicus fr his Earth arnd Sun.Galileo fr his heliocentrism.

2. theories of scientists like Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein were accepted by the society in their times and they received due recognition for their work in their lifetimes. Gautam Buddha was revered in his lifetime by thousands of people and long after he
has gonesee 3. Galileo was tried by the Inquisition, found "vehemently suspect of heresy", forced to recant, and spent the rest of his life under house arrest. It was while Galileo was under house arrest that he wrote one of his finest works, Two New Sciences, in which he summarised the work he had done some forty years earlier, on the two sciences now called kinematics and strength of materials.
4. a great debate arose because Copernicus vehemently challenged the notion that the earth is the center of the solar system. Although he paid a price both socially and politically for this remonstration, Copernicus disabused a long-held belief, much to the chagrin of the Catholic Church and other astronomers of his day. 5. Socrates was tried on two charges: corrupting the youth and impiety (in Greek, asebeia). More specifically, Socrates' accusers cited two "impious" acts: "failing to acknowledge the gods that the city acknowledges" and "introducing new deities".

54 n 55

6. Numerous acts of vandalism against art exhibits are known and some objects, such as Mona Lisa, Night Watch and The Little Mermaid, have been intentionally damaged several times.mona lisa ws thown upon acidpelted wd stones b4 bulltproof glasslatr paint spray n mug attcklittle mermaid in Copenhagen ws decapitated twiceblown off its base.. an anonymous Bulgarian artist turned a Soviet era war monument from its original to a bunch of superheroes ranging from superman joker captain america to santa claus n mcdonaldit hd irked the soviet officials that they scrubbed the superheroes clean and got them back to being Soviet soldiers. 7. To advance takes constant questioning of the status quo 8. prior to the 1860s in the United States, it was legally acceptable to enslave other human beings and to view them as property with few rights. This view led several states to secede from the Union, which, in turn, led to the Civil War, a violent conflict that threatened to destroy the nation. After the war, though, slavery was abolished, and the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution essentially made discrimination on the basis of race illegal. As a result, the United States grew stronger as a nation. 9. Dont succumb to temptation

10. past and present are NOT reliable indicators of the future

11. the rapid rise and success of high-tech companies in the late 90s eventually came to a screeching halt, almost without warning. If the trend toward technological advancements and the sedentary lifestyles with which they are associated came to a similar halt, it would be illogical to conclude that our health would also continue to decline 12. Star-Spangled Banner - America's National Anthem, written by Francis Scott Key in 1814: "Oh say can you see, by the dawn's early light, / What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? / Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight, / O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? / And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, / Gave proof thro' the night, that our flag was still there. / Oh say does the star-spangled banner yet wave / O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?" (There are several other verses) 13. Treaty of Ghent - Signed on December 24, 1815 in the Belgian town of Ghent, the Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812, returning the situation between the US and Britain to its status quo ante bellum (the way things were before the war). 14. The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Second Continental Congress, states the reasons the British colonies of North America sought independence in July of 1776. All men are created equal and there are certain unalienable rights that governments should never violate. These rights include the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. When a government fails to protect those rights, it is not only the right, but also the duty of the people to overthrow that government. In its place, the people should establish a government that is designed to protect those rights 15. The Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the 13 American colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. Instead they formed a union that would become a new nationthe United States of America. John Adams was a leader in pushing for independence, . The Declaration justified the independence of the United States by listing colonial grievances against King George III, and by asserting certain natural and legal rights, including a right of revolution. Since then, it has become a major statement on human rights, particularly its second sentence: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. This has been called "one of the best-known sentences in the English language",[6] containing "the most potent and consequential words in American history."[7] The passage came to represent a moral standard to which the United States should strive. This view was notably promoted by Abraham Lincoln, who considered the Declaration to be the foundation of his political philosophy, and argued that the Declaration is a statement of principles through which the United States Constitution should be interpreted

16. The meaning of the Declaration was a recurring topic in the famed debates between Lincoln and Stephen Douglas in 1858. Douglas argued that "all men are created equal" in the Declaration referred to white men only. The purpose of the Declaration, he said, had simply been to justify the independence of the United States, and not to proclaim the equality of any "inferior or degraded race".[168] Lincoln, however, thought that the language of the Declaration was deliberately universal, setting a high moral standard for which the American republic should aspire. "I had thought the Declaration contemplated the progressive improvement in the condition of all men everywhere", he said 17. Awake t ofreedom' "Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or infullmeasure, but very substantially. At the stroke of midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes which comes but rarely inhistory, when we step out from the old to the new, then an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance. It is fitting that at this solemn moment we takethe pledgeof dedication to India and her people and to the still larger cause of humanity. At the dawn ofhistoryIndia started on her unending quest, and trackless centuries are filled with her striving and the grandeur of her successes and her failures. Through good and ill fortune alike she has never lost sight of that quest or forgotten the ideals which gave her strength. We end today a period of ill fortune and India discovers herself again. 18. English abolitionist Thomas Day wrote in a 1776 letter, "If there be an object truly ridiculous in nature, it is an American patriot, signing resolutions of independency with the one hand, and with the other brandishing a whip over his affrighted slaves Referring to his seeming contradiction that Jefferson himself was a prominent Virginia slave holder having owned hundreds of slaves 19. During the Middle Ages, the Church ruled conclusively on a number of truths about the natural world, which it claimed were undeniable. These alleged truths were produced by Biblical study and the widely accepted Aristotelian system, which became official Church doctrine. The Aristotelian system defined the laws of physics erroneously in many cases. It claimed that the rate of fall of an object was determined by its weight, held that matter was constructed out of four possible elements, with different matter containing different combinations of these four, and described the universe as the Greek astronomer Ptolemy had described it, as a static and finite thing in which the Earth occupied the central position, with the sun and planets in revolution and the distant stars inhabiting its farthest edges. The physicians of the period considered that the human body contained four different kinds of liquid and that illness was caused by the imbalance of these 'humors.' These truths went generally unquestioned for years, backed up by the teachings of the Church and the common teaching of the educational institutions of the era. the artists and thinkers of the Renaissance were infused with the desire to know and portray reality, prompting a dramatic rise in scientific exploration. This focus on

the investigation of reality naturally began to create questions regarding the accepted Aristotelian norms. 20. The Protestant Reformation, begun by Martin Luther in 1517, radically transformed the theological and political landscape of Europe. Many Europeans began to question the authority of the Church. Indeed, a large faction broke away from the Church, in doing so breaking free from the restriction of intellectual progress. The fierce censorship of the Church's response to the Reformation, the Counter- Reformation, further pushed people from the Catholic fold and appeared to many as foolishly protective of it's outdated doctrines. In this atmosphere the Scientific Revolution blossomed, and the Aristotelian system fell. Nicolas Copernicus, upon examining the records of the motions of heavenly bodies, soon discarded the old geocentric theory that placed the Earth at the center of the solar system and replaced it with a heliocentric theory in which the Earth was simply one of a number of planets orbiting the sun. During the late sixteenth century Galileo Galilei demonstrated that gravity accelerated all objects toward the Earth at the same rate, and further explored the laws of motion. , the most notable application of the laws of physics was in the field of astronomy. Johannes Kepler proved the orbits of the planets were elliptical, but was unable to come up with an effective model of the solar system. That was left to Galileo, who in 1630 published his Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World, in which he supported the Copernican, or heliocentric theory of the universe, and denounced the Aristotelian system, which maintained the geocentric theory. Galileo supported his claims with elaborate evidence derived from the study of physics. Sir Isaac Newton's work was the capstone of this evolving chain of science. He integrated Kepler's laws of planetary motion and Galileo's forays into the laws of gravity into a comprehensive understanding of the organization of the universe according to the law of universal gravitation. Newton's Principia, in which he lays out this comprehensive system of organization and develops the mathematical field of calculus, is seen as the key which unlocked the mysteries of the universe, the climax of the strivings of all of the Scientists of the Scientific Revolution. 21. Rene Descartes is frequently considered the first modern philosopher. His first publication, Discourse on Method (1637), was the touchstone of the scientific method. A response to the lack of clarity he saw in the world of science,Discourse describes how scientific study should be prosecuted so as to achieve the utmost clarity, by using deductive reasoning to test hypotheses. Descartes explained that the test of an alleged truth is the clarity with which it may be apprehended, or proven. Though Descartes the philosopher advocated order and rationality in method, Descartes the scientist did not always adhere to his own philosophy. his proposed anatomical theories, while complex and interesting, were untenable as the explanations for real phenomena. 22. The most notable example of this is the prevailing theory of the four humors, developed by the Greeks. This theory held that the human body contained four major fluids--blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm - and that if one of the four fluids were present in too little or too great an amount, predictable illness would result. The most widely experienced manifestation of this

theory was the use of leeches in the act of bloodletting, a long-standing medical practice widely employed in the effort to return the four humors to equilibrium. This disastrous practice remained common well, and even George Washington fell victim to bloodletting when he became sick with pneumonia, an event which no doubt accelerated his death. . 23. Women's suffrage has generally been recognized after political campaigns to obtain it were waged. Women's suffrage is explicitly stated as a right under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, adopted by the United Nations in 1979. 24. banner on August 14, 1917, referred to "Kaiser Wilson" and compared the plight of the German people with that of American women. It saidhave you forgotten your sympathy with the poor germans because they were not self governed..20,000,000 american women are not self governed take the beam out of your own eye. 25. The Pope is only elected by the College of Cardinals.[99] Women are not appointed as cardinals, so women cannot vote for the Pope 26. The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States along with the Republican Party. Since the 1930s, the party has promoted a socially liberal and progressive platform,[2][3][4] and its Congressional caucus is composed of progressives, liberals, andcentrists.[5] The party has the lengthiest record of continuous operation in the United States and is the oldest political party in the world. 27. Currently the REPUBLICAN party's platform is generally based upon American conservatism,[1][2][3] in contrast to the Democratic Party, whose members endorse more liberal policies. American conservatism of the Republican Party is not wholly based upon rejection of the political ideology of liberalism; some principles of American conservatism are based upon classical liberalism.[4] Rather, the Republican Party's conservatism is largely based upon its support of classical principles against the modern liberalism of the Democratic Party that is considered American liberalism in contemporary American political discourse.[4] 28. FOR ART PG 6 GRE SOLVED ISSUE works of art that we come across are manifestations of the artists' views, emotions and observations. 29. one of the things that art does is extend and expand our shared common visual language. When new visual ideas are first introduced by the artist, they are often seen as shocking, and perhaps even as incomprehensible. However, with time the best and most effective of these ideas are accepted. There is nothing harder than trying to grasp what was shocking or illuminating about certain images, or ways of making images, once the shock is gone, and we have all absorbed this bit of visual data into our own vocabularies. Artists show us new ways to see familiar things, and how to interpret new situations and events through various kinds of visual shorthand. This creation of visual language may be the artist's intention, or it may be a side effect of other

purposes,namely: vehicle for religious ritual; commemoration of an important event; propaganda or social commentary; recording of visual data-- telling the "truth" about what we see; pleasing the eye- creating beauty; powerful means of storytelling; 30. The Baptism Of The Neophytes by MASACCIO: The figure of St Peter is monumental, as rounded as a sculpture, the real light of the chapel window seeming to fall on his back. Three converts to Christianity are to be baptised: one kneels in the shallow water of the River Jordan, the second shivers on the bank, the third is tugging off his clothes. In the Renaissance this is the earliest evidence of such realism in painting the nude from a live model. the realism of his nude Adam and Eve, and of the shivering boy waiting for baptism, his command of form, movement and character in grave and monumental figures fully-clothed, and his observation of architecture and landscape, all astonish us. 31. The Last Supper by LEONARDO DA VINCI remains an unprecedented masterpiece of dramatic organisation,the12Apostlescomposedin interlinking groups of three, all leading to the central figure of Christ in the setting of what seems a real room, with a real distant landscape beyond the windows. Leonardo has depicted the consternation that occurred among the Twelve Disciples when Jesus announced that one of them would betray him. Jesus is predicting that his
betrayer will take the bread at the same time he does to Saints Thomas and James to his left, who react in horror as Jesus points with his left hand to a piece of bread before them. The

painting contains several references to the number 3, which represents the Christian belief in the Holy Trinity. The Apostles are seated in groupings of three; there are three windows behind Jesus; and the shape of Jesus' figure resembles a triangle. There may have been other references that have since been lost as the painting deteriorated. 32. Mona Lisa (La Gioconda or La Joconde) is a half-length portrait of a woman by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, which has been acclaimed as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world. the painting, thought to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo. With the Mona Lisa he set a new pattern for portraiture, neither in profile nor fullface, but casually turning to smile gravely at the spectator and shift her weight onto the arm of her chair. Leonardo presents her as a heavy woman, mature, telling an unusual truth, her folded hands an informal touch of grace, her height against the landscape a subtle touch of grandeur. To understand how revolutionary this portrait was you must see it eye to eye at its horizon line, looking down and into it. It broke the mould of formal portraiture. 33. School Of Athens by RAPHAEL: Raphael constructed an unreal marvel of classical architecture for his assembly of philosophers, mathematicians and wise men of the ancient world. That Plato and Aristotle are giants among them is made clear, not by size, but by placing them centrally in the composition, framed by the arch, the space before them open, drawing our eyes toward them.

34. The Last Judgement by MICHELANGELO: In The Creation of Adam, Michelangelo applied his knowledge of the nude to the construction of an imagined ideal figure perfect in proportion and Herculean in musculature, realistic but not restrained by realism; God, supported by angels within his flowing cloak, reaches towards him, and their outstretched hands and pointing fingers are dramatically silhouetted as a bridge across a cloudless sky. But Michelangelo is far better known for his biblical illustrations on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican and his Last Judgement on its altar wall - paintings that endowed European painters with a thousand ideas and images to beg, borrow and steal. The ceiling tells the tales from Genesis, embellished with prophets and sibyls, saints and sinners, heroic nude youths and the immortal Adam at the moment of his creation. The Last Judgement is a dramatic reminder of heaven and hell, the resurrected summoned by angels, the saved, the damned and the descent into the underworld 35. The most infamous scandal in US history began when five men were caught breaking in to the Democratic National Convention in Watergate. It was eventually revealed that Nixon had a taperecording system in the offices and that he had recorded many conversations. He was ordered to hand over the tapes, and many senior Nixon officials were arrested. It was obvious that he was going to be impeached, and so he resigned and his VP, Gerald Ford, took office. Ford pardoned Nixon, which caused many conspiracy theories, including one that the brains of the operation was not Nixon, but Ford. Nevertheless, the Watergate scandal stands as a bad moment in the history of the US. 36. n 1986, during Ronald Reagans second term, it came to light that several high-ranking US officials were facilitating the selling of arms to Iran, an incredibly dangerous countryIRAN CONTRA AFFAIR 37. Albert Fall was the Secretary of the Interior under Warren G. Harding. From 1922-1923, Fall leased navy petroleum reserves to several oil companies for ridiculously low prices. Fall was eventually convicted of accepting bribes, and before the Watergate scandal it was considered the greatest scandal in American history.Teapot Dome Scandal 38. In 1853, a cranky guest complained about hotel chef George Crum's fried potatoes. They were too thick, he said. Too soggy and bland. The patron demanded a new batch.Crum did not take this well. He decided to play a trick on the diner. The chef sliced a potato paper-thin, fried it until a fork could shatter the thing, and then purposefully over-salted his new creation. The persnickety guest will hate this, he thought. But the plan backfired. The guy loved it! He ordered a second serving.Word of this new snack spread quickly. "Saratoga Chips" became a hit across New England, and Crum went on to open his own restaurant. Today, that accidental invention has ballooned into a massive snack industry. 39. In the 1870s, Russian chemist Constantin Fahlberg worked in the lab of Ira Remsen at Johns Hopkins University experimented with coal-tar derivates, One night, Fahlberg returned home and started to chow down on dinner rolls. The rolls tasted curiously sweet He soon realized that it wasn't the rolls. It was him. His hands were covered with a mystery chemical that made

everything sweet." "He ran back to Remsens laboratory, where he tasted everything on his worktableall the vials, beakers, and dishes he used for his experiments. Finally he found the source: an overboiled beaker."Fahlberg had actually created saccharin before, but since he never bothered to taste-test his concoctions, the chemist had no idea. In fact, a modern chemist probably would have never discovered saccharin. Nowadays, people thoroughly wash their hands before leaving the lab. If Fahlberg had followed the normal rules of cleanliness, the world would be without this zero-calorie artificial sweetener. 40. Percy Spencer, experimented with a new magnetron, a vacuum tube that releases energy to power radar equipment.Radar was vital during World War II. While working with the device, Percy Spencer noticed that the chocolate bar in his pocket started melting. He attributed it to the microwaves and, like any good scientist, conducted more tests.First, Spencer tried corn kernels. After they successfully popped, Spencer tried heating more foods. The results led engineers to attempt to contain the microwaves in a safe enclosure, the microwave oven. 41. Columbus led his three ships - the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria - out of the Spanish port of Palos on August 3, 1492. His objective was to sail west until he reached Asia (the Indies) where the riches of gold, pearls and spice awaited. Columbus benefited from calm seas and steady winds that pushed him steadily westward (Columbus had discovered the southern "Trades" that in the future would fuel the sailing ships carrying goods to the New World). However, the trip was long, longer than anticipated by either Columbus or his crew. In order to mollify his crew's apprehensions, Columbus kept two sets of logs: one showing the true distance traveled each day and one showing a lesser distance. The first log was kept secret. The latter log quieted the crew's anxiety by under-reporting the true distance they had traveled from their homeland. his deception had only a temporary effect; by October 10 the crew's apprehension had increased to the point of near mutiny. Columbus headed off disaster by promising his crew that if land was not sighted in two days, they would return home. The next day land was discovered. 42. The discoveries whch were thot 2b trifle bt big ltr on.arpanet penicillin 43. An outstanding chemist Dmitry Mendeleev saw his periodical table when dreaming. He was working for a long time. He could see relations between elements but he could not build the table using them. And after a happy dreaming he quickly woke up and began drawing his dream on the paper. The table was completed. Niels Henrik David Bohr also saw his famous model of atom in his dreams about planets coming round Sun. Alan Huang had many attempts to make an optical schema for Bell Laboratories in the early 90s. Alan saw the same dream over and over again as mailmen were carrying mails moving along corridors. But at a cross of corridors they always had traffic jam. But, happily, one day he dreamt that all mailmen started passing through one another like ghosts. And Alan understood the photons but not electrons have such property. Now all optical computers use this peculiarity. Friedrich Kekule's structural theory of atoms n benzene strctr..

44. Robert Louis Stevenson(1850-1894) described dreams as occurring in "that small theater of the brain which we keep brightly lighted all night long." 45. Princess Diana renowned fr hr charitable services bt den hr bad divorce n den leaks of intimate convrstn wd paramour major james gilbey blemished hr social image that of prince chrles wd Camilla parker lead to marriage troubles followed by ultimate annulment. 46. . During World War II, Adolf Hitler refused to let his soldiers abandon positions as he believed that soldiers should never retreat. However, later it was realized that if he had allowed withdrawing at critical times, and then counterattacking, he could have been more successful. We all are aware of the accusations being made against President George W. Bush that he is making an error by pursuing his policies on Iraq. However, Winston Churchill's uncompromising resolve during World War II was eventually justified. 47. the first recorded instance of syphilis in Europe was made in 1494 when it ravaged the French troops that were besieging the city-state of Naples.. It is further surmised that this chain of transmission began in Spain in 1493 with the return of members of Col umbuss first voyage to the Caribbean Islands. It is hypothesized that the returnees had been exposed to the disease through their intimate fraternization with the native population of the New World.The only means of transmitting the disease from one person to another is through sexual intercourse. Once contracted, syphilis progresses through three stages of development that produce a horrendous experience for the inflicted. Without treatment, the ultimate outcome is death. Unfortunately for fifteenth-century Europe, once a person was contaminated by the disease, there was no known cure. Mankind would have to wait for more than four hundred years until the twentieth century when the discovery of penicillin revealed an antidote for the disease. 48. Everyone knows how important it is to stay in school, get a good education, and graduate with a diploma. Hard work, drive, natural talent, and sheer luck helped them overcome their lack of education, but many still returned to school later in life. Princess Diana dropped out of school at 16.. Thomas Edison is probably the most famous and productive inventor of all time, with more than 1,000 patents in his name, including the electric light bulb, phonograph, and motion picture camera. He became a self-made multimillionaire and won a Congressional Gold Medal. Edison got a late start in his schooling following an illness, and, as a result, his mind often wandered, prompting one of his teachers to call him "addled." He dropped out after only three months of formal education. Luckily, his mother had been a schoolteacher in Canada and homeschooled young Edison Bill Gates is a co-founder of the software giant Microsoft and has

been ranked the richest person in the world for a number of years. Gates dropped out of Harvard in his junior year after reading an article about the Altair microcomputer in Popular Electronics magazine. He and his friend Paul Allen formed Micro Soft (later changed to Microsoft) to write software for the Altair. In 1918, while still in high school,Walt Disney began taking night courses at the Academy of Fine Arts in Chicago. Disney dropped out of high school at age 16. Disney was sent to France where he drove an ambulance that was covered from top to bottom with cartoons that eventually became his film characters. After becoming the multimillionaire founder of the Walt Disney Company and winning the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Disney received an honorary high school diploma at age 58. 49. Old is the New concealed and the New is the Old revealed.words fr old n new testament The New Testament is the will of Christ, its seal is Jesus' blood (Hebrews 9:15-17). The testator of this will is Jesus, God's Son. The inheritance is heaven. The terms are faith and obedience. The period of probation is the Christian age which will end when Christ returns. The beneficiaries are all men who accept the terms, and the executors of the will are the apostles. Since the time of the cross, even now in this Christian age, men live under the law of Christ rather than under the Law of Moses as in the Old Testament times. Thus no portion of the Old Testament binds us today; even the 10 commandments have been replaced by better requirements. To illustrate this statement regarding the seventh commandment, where Jesus (during His sermon on the Mount) commanded, "Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery: But I say unto you, that whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart". Christians are to recognize the Old Testament as the inspired word of God and use it for learning, for admonition, and for comfort, but they must not, however, use it for their law (study Romans 15:4, I Cor. 10:11). The law we are to follow today consists of Jesus' commandments, the Apostles' directions, and the examples of the early Christians as they lived under the direct tutorship of the inspired apostles. 50. Catholics and Protestants are two denominations of Christianity, just like Shia and Sunni are sects of Islam. While the Pope is the head of the Catholic church, Protestantism as a general term refers to Western Christianity that is not subject to papal authority. in protestants the authority of pope is denied n confessing sins is nly thru jesus as opposed to thru priests also in Catholic. 51. Mormonism and Christanity are both Abrahamic religions. Historically, although Mormons consider themselves to be Christians, Mormonism has had an uneasy relationship with traditional Christianity such as the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, and most branches of Protestantism. This is primarily due to the fact that adherents to Mormonism claim that the movement is a "restoration" of the earliest Christian and Judaic doctrines. Mormonism is considered to have branched from Christianity itself but differs on their status of God and their beliefs.Christanity believes trinity exists as 3 beings in one godhead: the father the son and the holy spiritone being 3 personsthree persons one god while mormons believe Father, Son

and Holy Spirit are three distinct beings who are "one in purpose". Mormons believe that Jesus is a God and knows everything the Father knows. At death, man can become Gods as well. 52. Cristanity believes Adam was the first man created by God. He fell into temptation and brought sin and death to the human race.

53. I am of the view that this introspection generally requires initiative to break predefined rules and challenge the assumptions that have been taken to be true.
54. A very famous ritual is performed in one of the tribes in South Africa, where if villagers want some tree to be removed from their land for cultivation of some crop they would not cut it. The group of tribal people would go to the tree everyday and keep cursing and criticizing it. The tree would eventually fall after few weeks. Such bad impact negative things have even on nature.

55. A jack of all trades is a master of none. However, a master of a particular trade knows the tricks and details of his trade better than anyone else. It is only the learned who can comment on this field of learning no better than anyone else. Therefore, I would say that it is only the person having enough knowledge of a particular field who knows his area of study the best. It is such a person who can further advance this field by venturing into its study. Let us take the example of Albert Einstein who was a physicist. He has done remarkable work in his field and due to his efforts the theory of relativity has been known. The field of science is greatly indebted to his research and studies in this field. He had pronounced this theory in his field of study by spending years to study the phenomenon. Hence, it was his knowledge in physics that made him develop this theory. Apart from this theory, there are many noteworthy contributions done by him to science due to which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. I don't think we can expect any outsider to give such a universal theory of a field like this. 56. A learner of a particular subject should not underestimate his worth. It is only with the personal efforts of individuals that remarkable discoveries and inventions have occurred. Alexander Graham Bell has been a pioneer in the field of telecommunications and is the one to introduce the telephone to the world. He invented the telephone only after an extensive study was done by him in telecommunications. This is yet another example of a person doing eminent work in the field he is related to. 57. . Let us take the example of Joseph Conrad. Conrad was a Polish novelist who did not know English and could not speak the language fluently until he was in his twenties. Nonetheless, he learnt the language and has many noteworthy works in prose written in English. We can say that he was not originally form the field of this language. Being an outsider to English, he has been able to contribute to a great extent to English literature and his efforts cannot be overlooked.
58. Hong Kong, it used to be a small fishing village 150 years ago. After it became the colony of the Great Britain, Hong Kong has developed gradually and has established as a financial center in Asia. Therefore, from its present, nobody can assert that Chinese cultural traditions are generated in Hong Kong. Hong Kong developed completely according to the style of the

capitalism country, during the reign of Britain, although the majority of residents were Chinese, who are known for preserving their culture and traditions. The Chinese culture is not preserved in Hong Kong, hence there is no point in providing financial support to Hong Kong just for the culture's sake. 59. Martin Luther King fought for American African rights against color discrimination. He was jailed for his civil disobedience movement, but today American people are thankful for his efforts. Similarly, in India, Mahatma Gandhi used civil disobedience against the British Empire for the rights of Indians and got successful in getting freedom for India 60. On October 14, 1964,ML King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. King was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal posthumously.

61. Stonehenge in Britain is one the world's most astounding piece of architecture. The construction of the Stonehenge is shrouded in mystery and man has only been able to speculate as to how it may have been constructed in the age when there were hardly any construction tools available. Take the example of the Sphinx and the Pyramids of Egypt, which are yet another architectural marvel. These pieces of architecture have served the purpose of throwing light on the lifestyles of ancient civilizations.

62. Mohenjo-Daro has a planned layout based on a street grid of buildings made of mortared brick and likely housed around 35,000 residents.Among many interesting features, what stands out the most about Mohenjo-Daro is plumbing and sewage system that was more sophisticated than what most Western households had until the 20th century. Not only did some home have indoor toilets, but there were actually sewage drains that ran below the streets. 63. How did the Incas move these massive stones? Thats just one of the mysteries surrounding Sacsayhuaman, an immense fortress located on the outskirts of the city of Cusco in Peru. While the much more famous Machu Picchu is renowned for its views, Sacsayhuaman is a marvel of engineering, confounding Spanish conquerors who were so amazed by the construction, they thought it must be the work of demons. even thousands of years later, the stones of the walls fit together with such precision, you cant fit a piece of paper between them. This precision, along with the various stone shapes that fit together like a puzzle, is likely the reason that the structure has survived earthquakes that have devastated the area. 64. The Great Wall of China is the largest construction ever built by man. It was built over 2000 years ago. The construction started in 5th Century BC. It was built originally to protect the

northern borders of the China from intrusions. Since then, several walls have been built. Collection of all such walls is referred to as The Great Wall, which has been rebuilt and maintained from the 5th century BC through the 16th century. One of the most famous is the wall built between 220206 BC. This structure has been built by generations. According to some historians, around 300,000 soldiers and 500,000 people participated in the construction. The beautiful wall took the life of many people and many people are buried under the wall. It costs the lives of more than 1 million people. It stretches approximately 6,400 km (4,000 miles). The wall is 25 feet tall and from 15 to 30 feet wide. 65. Taj Mahal described as A tear drop on the cheek of time by Rabindranath Tagore is a finest example of Turkish, Persian and Mughal architecture. The Mausoleum was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz mahal. Taj Mahals construction costed 50 lac rupees at that time. Taj Mahal is decorated with Gold, Rubies, Turquoise, Lapis lazuli, Sapphire and Diamonds. The verses of Quran are written in the passages in beautiful calligraphic styles. Another beauty of this amazing construction is that it is symmetrical and one side mirrors the other side. 1. In a country like India, the society consists of both, modern and backward classes. Therefore, the government has to maintain a balance between the both. There are many laws that are made against the thinking of these citizens who basically reside in villages; however, it is difficult to fight the evils of a society. The government has to face the reality of female feticide, restriction over widow remarriage, child marriage etc. There are also clashes amongst citizens over religion and caste. If the government tries to uplift the scheduled castes by giving them special quota and grants, it has to face the opposition of others who would be effected with this decision. However, the strength of the country ultimately emerges from the ability of the government to handle such contrasting issues and maintain peace and harmony in the country. , if the government is dominating enough to govern the country and exercise considerable control over its citizens, it can maintain peace and harmony. For example,

the Chinese are communists because their government enforces certain laws over all citizens. The power is in the hands of the Chinese government and as against democracy, the citizens remain passive. However, China is one of the major powers today. This makes us think that the strength of China may not lie in its ability to deal with the challenges of its citizens, but its strength lies in maintaining a balance. It is only since there is peace and order in the country that it is able to emerge as a strong nation. However, if there were internal chaos and disturbance in China, its position would be different
2. Ppl who hv made it large in life due to imagination: rowling mf hussain 3. Ppl good at managing skills: gndhi n mndela n luther wright bros bill gates jk

music cmpny

generals in war

4.

It is a well known fact that people like writers and painters look for solitude whenever they have to think of new concepts for their pieces of writing or art. This is because such people have always been found to be more productive when they are working on their own. During exams also solitude is bttralso diffrnc of opinion n trying to outsmart d othr so as to impress seniors. Bt mncs hire multiple ppl fr same job so dat they cn collectively work faster

5. Political decisions afcting ppl lives: wars, dictatorship n monarchy, intrnl wars, laws n taxes, absolution of brethren of dreaded terrorists in exchange of ppl held hostages affct ve

6. AIS/CA aus insti f sport/ckt aus wd cbca cmnwealth bnk crckt acadmy hs produced gretest players ricky ponting xlarke Jason Gillespie brett lee mcgrath 7. "Science is a necessary evil." Why was this saying coined? The reason is evident as all research work in science has two aspects. The results of scientific research can be used both for constructive purposes as well as for destructive purposes. The probability of the result of a scientific research being misused assumes greater importance when the research is being carried out by private companies and organizations. 8. As the good old clich goes, "when you are in Rome, do as the Romans do," 9. "Always listen to experts. They'll tell you what can't be done and why. Then do it." Robert Heinlein 10. Old is the New concealed and the New is the Old revealed.words fr old n new testament.. 11. "The eye never has enough of seeing, nor the ear its fill of hearing," without bothering much about the larger issues and overall perspective 12. In the words of Hippocrates, A wise man should consider that health is the greatest of human blessings. 13. William Allin quotes, "Education is not the answer to the question. Education is the means to the answer to all questions." The above quote by William Allin sums up the importance and role of education so beautifully 14. The measure of intelligence is the ability to change. Albert Einstein 15. Books serve to show a man that those original thoughts of his aren't very new after all. Abraham Lincoln

16. The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement. But the opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth. Niels Bohr 17. Change is the only constant in life. Heraclitus 18. I lay no embargo on anybodys words---jane austen 19. A picture is worth a thousand words. Napoleon Bonaparte 20. We the people are the rightful masters of both Congress and the courts, not to overthrow the Constitution but to overthrow the men who pervert the Constitution. Abraham Lincoln 21. Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. Albert Einstein 22. A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new. Albert Einstein 23. The school is the last expenditure upon which America should be willing to economize. ~Franklin D. Roosevelt 24. As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy. Abraham Lincoln 25. Criticism is something you can easily avoid by saying nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing. Aristotle 26. He who trims himself to suit everyone will soon whittle himself away. Raymond Hull 27. Friedrich Nietzsche, What doesnt kill us makes us stronger. 28. What doesn't kill you makes you stronger Stand a little taller Doesn't mean I'm lonely when I'm alone What doesn't kill you makes a fighter 29. I think, therefore I am," (cogito ergo sum) is Descartes' famous example of the most clearly apprehended truth. In effect, the evidence of thought proves the hypothesis of existence. 30. One good thing about music,when it hits yu yu feel no pain----bob marley 31. Sm ppl r old at 18 n sm r young at 90..time is a concept that humans created---yoko ono(wife of john lennon)

32. It does not take much strength to do things, but it requires a great deal of strength to decide what to do. Elbert Hubbard 33. . You can do anything, but not everything. David Allen 34. Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away. Antoine de Saint-Exupry 35. The richest man is not he who has the most, but he who needs the least. Unknown Author 36. You miss 100 percent of the shots you never take. Wayne Gretzky 37. Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather the judgement that something else is more important than fear. Ambrose Redmoon 6. You must be the change you wish to see in the world. Gandhi 7. When hungry, eat your rice; when tired, close your eyes. Fools may laugh at me, but wise men will know what I mean. Lin-Chi 8. The third-rate mind is only happy when it is thinking with the majority. The second-rate mind is only happy when it is thinking with the minority. The first-rate mind is only happy when it is thinking. A. A. Milne 9. To the man who only has a hammer, everything he encounters begins to look like a nail. Abraham Maslow 10. We are what we repeatedly do; excellence, then, is not an act but a habit. Aristotle 11. A wise man gets more use from his enemies than a fool from his friends. Baltasar Gracian 12. Do not seek to follow in the footsteps of the men of old; seek what they sought. Basho 13. Watch your thoughts; they become words. Watch your words; they become actions. Watch your actions; they become habits. Watch your habits; they become character. Watch your character; it becomes your destiny. Lao-Tze 14. Everyone is a genius at least once a year. The real geniuses simply have their bright ideas

closer together. Georg Christoph Lichtenberg 15. What we think, or what we know, or what we believe is, in the end, of little consequence. The only consequence is what we do. John Ruskin 16. The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new lands but seeing with new eyes. Marcel Proust 38. Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. (Julius Caesar 3:2:97 39. And death shall be no more. death, thou shalt die. ( Donne 40. Dr.MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasamanofgreatcharacterwhodedicatedhislifetom akingtheworldabetterplace.Hisquote:Thefunctionofeducationistoteachone tothinkcritically.Intelligencepluscharacterthatisthegoaloftrueeducationcontainsamoral 41. Each problem that I solved became a rule which served afterwards to solve other problems." - Rene Descartes (1596-1650), "Discours de la Methode" 42.