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Procedia Engineering 00 (2014) 000000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Selected papers of Mechanical, Civil and Chemical engineering Tracks of 4th Nirma University International Conference on Engineering, 2013

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1.1. Thermal Analysis To find out the amount of steam which is generated during the heating process, it is necessary to find out the amount of heat utilized by the water. Experiments are conducted on different quantities of water. Readings of initial and final temperature of water are taken after an interval of five minutes and time required for complete evaporation is measured. The time required for complete evaporation of water is also measured. The heat utilized, Qu is calculated as,
Q= m Cp dT Time

(1)

1877-7058 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India.

Where, Qabs is the heat absorbed in watts, m is mass of water in kg/sec. dT is temperature difference between initial and final water tank temperature which is 25oC

790 = m 4187 25
m= 0.007547 kg/sec m= 27.14 kg/hr System takes almost 6 hours and 30 minutes to evaporate 8kg of water. Hence 175 liters of water is required for condensation of 8kg of water.The amount of heat transferred to through copper tube is calculated as,

Q = U A Tm

(2)

Where, U is overall heat transfer coefficient, whose value ranges from 1000 W/m2K to 5000W/m2K . Lowest value of U is considered for calculating the area. Tm is the log mean temperature difference which is given by the formula,

TVm =

(T h, i Tc, o ) (T h, o T c, i) log((T h, i Tc, o) / (T h, o T c, i ))

(3)

Where, Thi is the inlet temperature of steam, Tho is the outlet temperature of steam, Tci is the initial temperature of water, Tco is the final temperature of water. As the water temperature increases in every hour, so T m is also calculated for each hour.

Reason

1.2. Heat losses from the condenser to the atmosphere a) b)

Fig. 1. (a) 120 liter of tank; (b) Heat losses from the tank.

Fig. shows the heat losses, Where, Q1= Qc+QR Qc = Heat losses by convection. QR= heat losses by Radiation Heat losses due to convection from 0.32x0.5 wall i.e. Q1

QC = h A V T
A= Surface Area

= 0.5 0.32 = 0.16 2 = 0.32. QC = 6 .32 (44 26) =34.56


Heat losses due to radiation from 0.32 x 0.5 wall

QR = A (T 14 T 2 4 )

QR = 5.67 108 0.28 0.32 (317 4 2994 )

QR = 10.69 Watt

Q1 = QC + QR

Q1 = 34.56 + 10.69 = 45.25 Watt


Similarly, Heat losses due to convection from 0.75 x 0.32 Wall (Q2)

QC = h A V T
A= Surface Area = 0.75 0.32 = 0.24 = 0.24 2 = 0.48

QC = 6 .48 (44 26) =51.84 Watt


Heat losses due to radiation from 0.75 x 0.32 wall

QR = A (T 14 T 2 4 )

QR = 5.67 10 8 0.28 0.48 (317 4 2994 )

QR = 16.04 Watt

Q 2 = QC + QR

Q 2 = 51.84 + 16.04 = 67.88 Watt

Heat losses from upper surface of water due to convection (Q3)

Qc = h A V T
A= Surface Area = 0.75 0.5 = 0.375

QC = 6 0.375 (55 26) QC = 65.25 Watt


Heat losses due to radiation from water surface

QR = A (T 14 T 2 4 )

QR = 5.67 108 0.9 0.375 (3284 2994 )

QR = 68.54 Watt Q 3 = QC + Q R Q 3 = 65.25 + 68.54 Q 3 = 133.79 Watt


Heat absorbed by water in the tank
m Cp dT Time

Q liquid =

Q liquid =

120 4187 24 23400

Q liquid = 515 Watt

QTotal = Q1+Q 2+Q 3+Qliquid

QTotal = 45.25+67.88+133.79+515.32

QTotal = 762.24 Watt


So actual heat absorbed by the water is 480 watts their four we can optimized the size of the tank . To find out the amount of steam which is generated during the heating process, it is necessary to find out the amount of heat utilized by the water by eq. (1)
m Cp dT Time

Q=

1.3. CFD Analysis Cfd analysis of 120 liter of tank is carried out with the help of Ansys Fluent. For CFD analysis a tank is generated of required size. Meshing of tank and tube is done the maximum number of nodes are up to 500000 with skewness is less than 0.9.

Fig.4. Contours of 120 lit of tank

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