CHAPTER 6: NUTRITION

MALNUTRITION DEFICIENCY
MARASMUS WEIGHT LOSS TIREDNESS / FATIGUE HIGH GLUCOSE CONTENT IN BLOOD EXCESS GLUCOSE/ GLYCOGEN CONVERT TO FATS EXCESS FAT STORED IN ADIPOSE TISSUE

EXCESSIVE
DIEBETES MELLITUS OBESITY HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

CARBOHYDRATE

PROTEIN

GROWTH STUNTED KWASHIOKOR MARASMUS

HIGH CHOLESTEROL LEVEL IN BLOOD DEPOSITED IN INNER WALL OF ARTERIES LUMEN OF ARTERIES BECOME SMALLER BLOOD FLOW BECOME SLOWER BLOCKAGE AT LUMEN OF ARTERIES

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES HEART ATTACK/ ANGINA/ CHEST PAIN/ STROKE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS/ ATHEROSCLEROSIS OBESITY

LIPIDS

WEIGHT LOSS TIREDNESS / FATIGUE

EXCESS AMINO ACIDS CONVERT TO UREA/ AMMONIUM COMPOUND ACCUMULATION OF URIC ACIDS

LIVER MALFUNCTION KIDNEY MALFUNCTION GOUT

FOOD DIGESTION
Salivary Gland MOUTH Salivary amylase Starch + water maltose STOMACH HCL Acidic medium Kill bacteria Rennin Enzymes Carseinogen + water carsein Saliva

Gastric Gland Gastric Juice

Protein + water Pancreas Pancreatic Juice DUODENUM Amylase Starch + water Trypsin Polypeptides+water Lipase Lipid+water

Pepsin Polypeptides

Liver Bile maltose peptides Alkaline medium Neutralize acid

fatty acids+glyceroles

Intestinal Gland Intestinal Juice Sucrase Sucrose+water Maltase Maltose+water Lactase Lactose+water Erepsin Peptides+water Lipase Lipid+water

ILEUM

glucose + fructose glucose + glucose glucose + galactose amino acids fatty acids + glyceroles

ABSORPTION AND ASSIMILATION OF DIGESTED FOOD

Fatty acids and glycerol Glucose Amino acids Lipids Vitamin A, D, E, K

Vitamin B, C

Blood Capillary
Hepartic portal vein LIVER
Lymphatic system

Lacteal

Glucose
Convert Glycogen (stored) Convert Glucose Synthesis of plasma Proteins (in liver) Cellular respiration Bloodstream Right lymphatic duct Through subclavian veins

Villi

Amino acids
Urea Deamination Synthesis of protoplasm

Synthesis of plasma membrane

Heart

Excreted by kidneys

Photosynthesis

ENVIRONMEN T
P9

e
-

e
-

P8

[ OH ] - HO2 +

O2 P7 OH - e - OH

PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER

P2

H
-

O
P5

P4

STARCH
P11 SERIES OF N CONDENSATIO

H + e H GRAN
P1

H + CO2
P10 +

CH2O H2O

A STROM A
P12

O + H2O

ENVIRONMEN T

PHOTOSYNTHESIS MECANISM

P1 : P2 : P3 :

LIGHT REACTION REQUIRE LIGHT AND TAKES PLACE IN THE GRANA. CHLOROPHYLL ABSORBS / TRAPS LIGHT ENERGY ELECTRON OF CHLOROPHYLL IS EXCITED

P4 : PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER OCCUR AND WATER SPLIT INTO HIDROGEN IONS ( H+ ) AND HYDROXYL IONS (OH- ) P5 : P6 : P7 : P8 : H+ ION COMBINES WITH THE ELECTRONE TO FORM HYDROGEN ATOM THE ENERGY FROM THE EXCITED ELECTRONS IS USED TO FORM ATP HYDROXYL IONS LOSES AN ELECTRON TO FORM HYDROXYL GROUP THE HYDROXYL GROUPS COMBINE TO FORM O2 AND WATER

P9 : O2 IS RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE P10 : HYDROGEN ATOM IS USED IN THE REDUCTION OF CO2 INTO GLUCOSE P11 : GLUCOSE UNDERGOES SERIES OF CONDENSATION TO FORM STARCH P12 : DARK REACTION DO NOT REQUIRE LIGHT AND TAKES PLACE IN THE STROMA .