CC203 CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY END OF CHAPTER 2 NAME : MOHAMAD AZLAN BIN MOHAMED NOR MATRIX NO.

. : 16DKA11F1130 CLASS : DKA 2C

CLO/GSA MARK S /2 Qa Qb /8 Qc /10 Qd /2 Qe /8 Qf /6 Qg /4 TOTAL /40

a. b. c. d. e.

Give a definition of pre-stressed concrete. State FOUR (4) characteristic of concrete use in pre-stressed concrete. Sketch and elaborate the method used to produce post-tension concrete. Definition of precast concrete Below are two types of Precast Concrete Unit. Describe each of them. i) Service Unit ii) Unit Structure

(2 marks) (8 marks) (10 marks) (2 marks)

( 8 marks ) f. State and explain THREE (3) method of transportation precast concrete unit. ( 6 marks ) g. State TWO (2) advantages and disadvantages of prefabricated technology. ( 4 marks )

a) Prestressed concrete is a method for overcoming concrete's natural weakness in tension. Prestressed concrete is a technique that greatly increases strength of concrete beam. b) *cracks *stress transfer *bending *deflection *shear c) i) Tendon placed in a vessel / metal that can bend in which one end is tied to the corners hydraulic jack. ii) The references provided in the form required. iii) Concrete filled into the mold containing the tendon in the metal vessel and allowed to harden until the last required strength is achieved. iv) After the concrete to achieve strength, mold box is opened and the tendon is pulled and tensioned using hydraulic corner and tied to the mooring v) With anchoring plates. vi) When the tendons to shrink, it will pull the plates (at both ends) into the & will produce compressive stresses in concrete

d) Precast concrete building products are produced by casting concrete in molds that can be reused or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and lifted into place. e) Service Unit Normally used to make partition and cladding. It is used because it is lightweight and easy transport. For the construction element, the height is from floor to floor and installed a careful and repeated. Assembly facility unit is supported at a level to provide a movement mainly due to temperature and shrinkage and movement of the structure. Motion of the structure produced by the load on the floor and settling of foundation.

Structure Unit It consists of a wall on the load, beam columns, floors and stairs. On the whole structure of units built to meet the specifications of the building. Precast structures designed to take a less rigid connection between the structures built with concrete cast in there. Each unit shall be designed to be continuous and connected at the ends. For high buildings, the rigidity can be achieved by space center containing lifts, emergency stairs, toilets and service buildings. f) Road transport Precast units are usually transported by special vehicles such as "low loaders, tractors and others. These members are supporters of the special form of A to ensure that this unit did not tension. Care must be taken when the work of timber transport is carried out due to its tilt. Gravitational pull of the weight of the structure will cause a tensile stress will develop and timber failure. All transportation equipment shall be inspected during the journey. Rail Transportation The use of the railway would be more economical, especially for long distance transmission if the transportation of precast members close to the train. It would be more economical if the management can be done with careful planning. When the structural units of the delivery period is specified, then the transport machinery is provided complete with skilled labor. Transport system is suitable when small units are used and are more economical.

Water transport system It is often used to structure near to the water. For example, construction of jetties, dams and others. To avoid the defect, then the unit was well organized so as not to move or vibrate during the transport process in progress.

g) Advantages - All work mixing, placement and curing of concrete can be conducted under the degree of control plants in the factories. This can result in accurate units and uniform All the designs will sell for the cost of repeated. By the molds used to be made with care and meet the required quality. Disadvantages Building systems are not easily changed in terms of design concepts which are too wide selection and design of systems that have been made without much change in terms of key concepts. All planning should be done under careful control and unloading work can be done easily.