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ADVANCED ENGLISH GRAMMAR

2ND REPORT: NOUN PHRASE AND SUBORDINATE CLAUSE


SUBMITTED BY: KINNO ROGER D. ANTONIO

A noun phrase includes a nouna person, place, or thingand the modifiers which distinguish it. You can find the noun dog in a sentence, for example, but you don't know which canine the writer means until you consider the entire noun phrase: that dog, Aunt Audrey's dog, the dog on the sofa, the neighbor's dog that chases our cat, the dog digging in the new flower bed. Modifiers can come before or after the noun. Ones that come before might include articles, possessive nouns, possessive pronouns, adjectives, and/or participles. Articles: a dog, the dog Possessive nouns: Aunt Audrey's dog, the neighbor's dog, the police officer's dog Possessive pronouns: our dog, her dog, their dog Adjectives: that dog, the big dog, the spotted dog Participles: the drooling dog, the barking dog, the well trained dog Modifiers that come after the noun might include prepositional phrases, adjective clauses,participle phrases, and/or infinitives. Prepositional phrases: a dog on the loose , the dog in the front seat , the dog behind the fence Adjective clauses: the dog that chases cats , the dog that looks lost , the dog that won the championship Participle phrases: the dog whining for a treat , the dog clipped at the grooming salon , the dog walked daily Infinitives: the dog to catch , the dog to train , the dog to adopt

A subordinate clausealso called a dependent clausewill begin with a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun and will contain both a subject and a verb. This combination of words will not form a complete sentence. It will instead make a reader want additional information to finish the thought. Here is a list of subordinate conjunctions:

after although as

once provided that rather than

until when whenever

because before even if even though if in order that

since so that than that though unless

where whereas wherever whether while why

Here are your relative pronouns:

that which whichever

who whoever whom

whose whosever whomever

Examples: After Am y sneezed all over the tuna salad After = subordinate conjunction; Amy = subject; sneezed = verb. Once Adam smashed the spider Once = subordinate conjunction; Adam = subject; smashed = verb. Until Mr. Sanchez has his first cup of coffee Until = subordinate conjunction; Mr. Sanchez = subject; has = verb. W ho ate handfuls of Cheerios with his bare hands Who = relative pronoun; Who = subject; ate = verb.

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