Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
de Shale Gas
!"#$%#&'()*(+*,1
'()*+,(-.)
Agenda
/,(0*(1.*0,.23
Antecedentes.
415(6789178,*),(-.)
Caractersticas en yacimientos de Shale Gas.
! +:;18.*1:8<)
Cuantificacin y productividad.
! =>):1?.>
(6>*@1..
5() de datos.
Tecnologas
e integracin
! A.12*-:B*C.1D.(?7-702
Conclusiones
!
E:DD:6*01(70)*:@*5()*),(-.*1.).1F:71)
!%%&
!
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L:65*B.--*-7@.
2
Williston
Basin
Cody
Gammon
Greater
Green
River
Basin
HilliardBaxterMancos
Michigan
Basin
Devonian (Ohio)
Piceance
Basin
Hermosa
Paradox Basin
Lewis
Marcellus
Illinois
Basin
Uinta Basin
Mancos
Appalachian
Basin
Antrim
Forest
City Basin
Pierre
San Juan
Basin
Raton
Basin
Woodford
Anadarko
ArdBasin
m
Palo Duro Bend ore Ba
sin
Basin
Permian
Basin
BarnettWoodford
Marfa
Basin
Ft. Worth
Basin
Maverick
Sub-Basin
PearsallEagle Ford
Fayetteville
Arkoma Basin
Barnett
Utica
New
Albany
Chattanooga
Black Warrior
Basin
Conasauga
Valley and
FloydRidge Province
Neal
TexasLouisianaMississippi Salt Basin
HaynesvilleBossier
Eagle
Ford
Rio Grande
Embayment
Miles
0
Basins
100
200
300 400
Shallowest / Youngest
Deepest / Oldest
Source: Energy Information Administration based on data from various published studies.
Updated: March 10, 2010
2008 Interstate Natural Gas Association of Amrica (INGAA) estimo 385 TCF de
Gas Shale recuperable en USA.
2009 US Department of Energy proyecto un aumento de produccin de 1.4 TCF a
4.8 TCF en 2020 (con produccin sostenible de 3 a 4 TCF por muchos anos).
2010 Natural Resource Economics, Evaluaron que el desarrollo de la cuenca
Marcellus Shale generara 280.000 nuevos empleos y 6 Billones de dlares de
ingresos por impuestos.
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N. Central
Montana Area
Bighorn
Basin
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Powder
River
Basin
Williston
Basin
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Michigan
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Greater Green
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Black Warrior
Basin
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Basin
Woodford
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Palo Duro Bend ore Ba
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Basin
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Eastern
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Marfa
Basin
Barnett
Ft. Worth
Basin
Maverick
Sub-Basin
PearsallEagle Ford
Utica
New
Albany
Fayetteville
Arkoma Basin
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Gas Production,
Last Reported Year
(Billions of Cubic Feet)
0-5
5.1 - 20
20.1 - 50
Piceance
Basin
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Marcellus
Illinois
Basin
Uinta Basin
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City Basin
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Cherokee Platform
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Anadarko
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NW
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Basin
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Appalachian
Basin
Chattanooga
Black Warrior
Basin
Conasauga
Valley and
FloydRidge Province
Neal
TexasLouisianaMississippi Salt Basin
HaynesvilleBossier
Miles
0
100
Eagle
Ford
Rio Grande
Embayment
50.1 - 290
Basins
Shallowest / Youngest
Deepest / Oldest
Inter-Basin Areas
Source: Energy Information Administration based on data from HPDI, IN Geological Survey, USGS
Updated: April 8, 2009
Source: Energy Information Administration based on data from various published studies.
Updated: March 10, 2010
Cuencas asociadas.
Roca madre, trampa y reservorio.
Formaciones de Shale Gas son diferentes (baja K, fracturadas, mineraloga, etc.).
Herramientas geoqumica y petrolgicas no convencionales.
Nuevas incgnitas (contenido orgnico, maduracin trmica, adsorcin, etc.)
4
200
300 400
Heterogeneidad de Shales
Variaciones en un Pozo.
Calcareous (R)
Siliceous (R)
Argillaceous (NR)
Nodules
Siliceous/Argillaceous(R)
Siliceous (R)
Siliceous/Argillaceous(R)
Calcareous (R)
Siliceous/Argillaceous(R)
Modelo Inicial
Variaciones en el Yacimiento
Calcareous (R)
Argillaceous (NR)
Siliceous (R)
Nodules
Siliceous/
Arg-illaceous
(R)
Calcareous (NR)
Nodules
Siliceous (R)
Siliceous/Argillaceous(R)
Siliceous (R)
Siliceous/Argillaceous(R)
Mix. Siliceous
Argillaceous (R)
Calcareous (R)
Siliceous/Argillaceous(R)
5
Modelo Geolgico
Heterogeneidad de Shales
Silty mudstone
Silty mudstone
Siliceous mudstone
75% Si
75% Si
75% Si
Siliceous
mudstone
75% Si
Calcareous
mudstone
Woodford
Barnett
Fayetteville
Haynesville
Marcellus
Eagleford
Composicin de la Matriz
Dureza relativa, diagenetica combinada con
mineraloga original
Siliceous
Argillaceous
Calcreos
Immature TOC
Mature TOC
Hydrophobic
Contenido Orgnico
Contenido Orgnico
Por que es importante?
El metano se absorbe en el kerogeno
Equivalente al TOC.
Hidrofbico
Maduracin es CRITICA..
Evaluacin de Potencial
Espectroscopia de
captura elemental
Registros de
Porosidad
Kerogeno
TOC
Isoterma genrica
de Langmuir
Gas Adsorbido
Evaluacion para
Shale Gas
Saturacin de Agua
Registro de
resistividad
Modelo Local de
Kerogeno
Gas Libre
Evaluacin de Potencial
Litologa
Core
Calibrated
Lithology
ECS Tool
XRF &
LECO
FT-IR Spectroscopy
Evaluacin de Potencial
Contenido Orgnico
1.
2.
3.
NMR
Diferencia entre DPHI de la densidad de granos del ECS y la porosidad total de NMR.
Evaluacin de Potencial
Cuantificacin
G total = G free + G ads
Asumiendo que el gas libre ocupa espacios
porales inorgnicos y el gas adsorbido
ocupa espacios porales orgnicos.
Adsorcin
- Isotermas de Adsorcin de Gas (Langmuir)
- Da contenido de Gas Adsorbido funcin
de: Temperatura, Presin, TOC,
Composicin del Gas
Evaluacin de Potencial
Adsorcin
Core Calibrated
Langmuir Equation
TOC Correction
Modified Langmuir
Equation
Evaluacin de Potencial
Gas Libre
- Calcula solo la porosidad primaria.
- La porosidad efectiva es generada con correlacin.
- El gas libre es calculado usando,
Evaluacin de Potencial
Gas Total
Evaluacin de Potencial
Productividad y permeabilidad de la matriz
0,000800
0,000600
y = 0,0063x - 1,993E-5
R = 0,7697
0,000400
0,000200
0
0
0,03
0,06
Gas-Filled Porosity
0,08
0,11
Evaluacin de Potencial
Productividad por fracturas
Las imgenes resistivas son de ayuda para
determinar,
Capas
Fracturas (naturales o inducidas)
Propiedades mecnicas.
Orientacin de esfuerzos y anisotropia.
Tight sands
Porous sand
Evaluacin de Potencial
Productividad por fracturas
Calculo de la densidad de fracturas
3400
3500
Evaluacin de Potencial
Madurez del Shale
Respuestas de registros en Shale Gas inmaduras.
Bajo TOC
Integracin de datos
Analysis
Ventajas
HRA
Useful for Core Point Selection
SS Min Hz Stress
Mechanical
BHI
Whole Core
PEX
Sonic Scanner
Htas.
Integracin de datos
Containment
Reservoir Quality
h
eT
al
h
gS
es
n
ck
in
as
e
r
Inc
)*+,-).,/0)*1)2345,6++7.
Conclusiones
5+)2345,49,.()*+,:).,
Los Yacimientos de Shale Gas son
heterogneas y deben ser cuidadosamente
entendidas.
+7.
)5239=,:).
>7.4?;+7
Se deben utilizar mltiples mediciones y
@?++ tcnicas para reducir la incertidumbre.
71B3;3*32=
C)2?3D,E+?F+);3*32=,
La madurez (termal) del reservorio es critica.
>F4152,)57,2=E+,49,9?)B21?+.
Las estimulaciones masivas y pozos
horizontales son generalmente necesarios para
'=.2+F,E+?F+);3*32=
la explotacin de los yacimientos.
A?+..1?+
71B2345,E?+73B2345
14
7
25
Gracias...
Preguntas
26