Thistutorialispartofaset.FindoutmoreaboutdataaccesswithASP.NETintheWorkingwithData inASP.NET2.0sectionoftheASP.NETsiteathttp://www.asp.net/learn/dataaccess/default.aspx.

WorkingwithDatainASP.NET2.0::Creating StoredProceduresandUserDefinedFunctionswith ManagedCode Introduction

DatabaseslikeMicrosoftsSQLServer2005usetheTransactStructuredQueryLanguage(TSQL) forinserting, modifying,andretrievingdata.MostdatabasesystemsincludeconstructsforgroupingaseriesofSQLstatements thatcanthenbeexecutedasasingle,reusableunit.Storedproceduresareoneexample.AnotherisUserDefined Functions(UDFs),aconstructthatwewillexamineingreaterdetailinStep9. Atitscore,SQLisdesignedforworkingwithsetsofdata.TheSELECT,UPDATE,andDELETE statementsinherently applytoallrecordsinthecorrespondingtableandareonlylimitedbytheirWHERE clauses.Yettherearemany languagefeaturesdesignedforworkingwithonerecordatatimeandformanipulatingscalardata.CURSORsallow forasetofrecordstobeloopedthroughoneatatime.StringmanipulationfunctionslikeLEFT,CHARINDEX,and PATINDEX workwithscalardata.SQLalsoincludescontrolflowstatementslikeIF andWHILE. PriortoMicrosoftSQLServer2005,storedproceduresandUDFscouldonlybedefinedasacollectionofTSQL statements.SQLServer2005,however,wasdesignedtoprovideintegrationwiththe CommonLanguageRuntime (CLR),whichistheruntimeusedbyall.NETassemblies.Consequently,thestoredproceduresandUDFsinaSQL Server2005databasecanbecreatedusingmanagedcode.Thatis,youcancreateastoredprocedureorUDFasa methodinaC#class.ThisenablesthesestoredproceduresandUDFstoutilizefunctionalityinthe.NET Frameworkandfromyourowncustomclasses. InthistutorialwewillexaminehowtocreatemanagedstoredproceduresandUserDefinedFunctionsandhowto integratethemintoourNorthwinddatabase.Letsgetstarted! Note:ManageddatabaseobjectsoffersomeadvantagesovertheirSQLcounterparts.Languagerichnessand familiarityandtheabilitytoreuseexistingcodeandlogicarethemainadvantages.Butmanageddatabase objectsarelikelytobelessefficientwhenworkingwithsetsofdatathatdonotinvolvemuchprocedural logic.ForamorethoroughdiscussionontheadvantagesofusingmanagedcodeversusTSQL,checkoutthe AdvantagesofUsingManagedCodetoCreateDatabaseObjects.

Step1:MovingtheNorthwindDatabaseOutofApp_Data
AllofourtutorialsthusfarhaveusedaMicrosoftSQLServer2005ExpressEditiondatabasefileintheweb applicationsApp_Data folder.PlacingthedatabaseinApp_Data simplifieddistributingandrunningthesetutorials asallofthefileswerelocatedwithinonedirectoryandrequirednoadditionalconfigurationstepstotestthe tutorial. Forthistutorial,however,letsmovetheNorthwinddatabaseoutofApp_Data andexplicitlyregisteritwiththe SQLServer2005ExpressEditiondatabaseinstance.Whilewecanperformthestepsforthistutorialwiththe databaseintheApp_Data folder,anumberofthestepsaremademuchsimplerbyexplicitlyregisteringthe databasewiththeSQLServer2005ExpressEditiondatabaseinstance. ThedownloadforthistutorialhasthetwodatabasefilesNORTHWND.MDF andNORTHWND_log.LDF placedina 1 of38

foldernamedDataFiles.Ifyouarefollowingalongwithyourownimplementationofthetutorials,closeVisual StudioandmovetheNORTHWND.MDF andNORTHWND_log.LDF filesfromthewebsitesApp_Data foldertoafolder outsideofthewebsite.Oncethedatabasefileshavebeenmovedtoanotherfolderweneedtoregisterthe NorthwinddatabasewiththeSQLServer2005ExpressEditiondatabaseinstance.ThiscanbedonefromSQL ServerManagementStudio.IfyouhaveanonExpressEditionofSQLServer2005installedonyourcomputer thenyoulikelyalreadyhaveManagementStudioinstalled.IfyouonlyhaveSQLServer2005ExpressEditionon yourcomputerthentakeamomenttodownloadandinstall MicrosoftSQLServerManagementStudioExpress. LaunchSQLServerManagementStudio.AsFigure1shows,ManagementStudiostartsbyaskingwhatserverto connectto.Enter localhost\SQLExpressfortheservername,choose WindowsAuthenticationinthe Authenticationdropdownlist,andclickConnect.

Figure1:ConnecttotheAppropriateDatabaseInstance

Onceyouveconnected,theObjectExplorerwindowwilllistinformationabouttheSQLServer2005Express Editiondatabaseinstance,includingitsdatabases,securityinformation,managementoptions,andsoforth. WeneedtoattachtheNorthwinddatabaseintheDataFiles folder(orwhereveryoumayhavemovedit)tothe SQLServer2005ExpressEditiondatabaseinstance.RightclickontheDatabasesfolderandchoosetheAttach optionfromthecontextmenu.ThiswillbringuptheAttachDatabasesdialogbox.ClicktheAddbutton,drill downtotheappropriateNORTHWND.MDF file,andclickOK.Atthispointyourscreenshouldlooksimilarto Figure2.

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Figure2:ConnecttotheAppropriateDatabaseInstance

Note:WhenconnectingtotheSQLServer2005ExpressEditioninstancethroughManagementStudiothe AttachDatabasesdialogboxdoesnotallowyoutodrilldownintouserprofiledirectories,suchasMy Documents.Therefore,makesuretoplacetheNORTHWND.MDF andNORTHWND_log.LDF filesinanonuser profiledirectory. ClicktheOKbuttontoattachthedatabase.TheAttachDatabasesdialogboxwillcloseandtheObjectExplorer shouldnowlistthejustattacheddatabase.ChancesaretheNorthwinddatabasehasanamelike

9FE54661B32FDD967F51D71D0D5145CC_LINEARTICLES\DATATUTORIALS\VOLUME3\CSHARP\73 \ASPNET_DATA_TUTORIAL_75_CS\APP_DATA\NORTHWND.MDF.RenamethedatabasetoNorthwindbyright

clickingonthedatabaseandchoosingRename.

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Figure3:RenametheDatabasetoNorthwind

Step2:CreatingaNewSolutionandSQLServerProjectinVisual Studio
TocreatemanagedstoredproceduresorUDFsinSQLServer2005wewillwritethestoredprocedureandUDF logicasC#codeinaclass.Oncethecodehasbeenwritten,wewillneedtocompilethisclassintoanassembly (a.dll file),registertheassemblywiththeSQLServerdatabase,andthencreateastoredprocedureorUDFobject inthedatabasethatpointstothecorrespondingmethodintheassembly.Thesestepscanallbeperformed manually.Wecancreatethecodeinanytexteditor,compileitfromthecommandlineusingtheC#compiler (csc.exe),registeritwiththedatabaseusingtheCREATEASSEMBLY commandorfromManagementStudio,and addthestoredprocedureorUDFobjectthroughsimilarmeans.Fortunately,theProfessionalandTeamSystems versionsofVisualStudioincludeaSQLServerProjecttypethatautomatesthesetasks.Inthistutorialwewillwalk throughusingtheSQLServerProjecttypetocreateamanagedstoredprocedureandUDF. Note:IfyouareusingVisualWebDeveloperortheStandardeditionofVisualStudio,thenyouwillhaveto usethemanualapproachinstead.Step13providesdetailedinstructionsforperformingthesestepsmanually. IencourageyoutoreadSteps2through12beforereadingStep13sincethesestepsincludeimportantSQL ServerconfigurationinstructionsthatmustbeappliedregardlessofwhatversionofVisualStudioyouare using. StartbyopeningVisualStudio.FromtheFilemenu,chooseNewProjecttodisplaytheNewProjectdialogbox (seeFigure4).DrilldowntotheDatabaseprojecttypeandthen,fromtheTemplateslistedontheright,chooseto createanewSQLServerProject.IhavechosentonamethisprojectManagedDatabaseConstructs andplacedit withinaSolutionnamedTutorial75.

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Figure4:CreateaNewSQLServerProject

ClicktheOKbuttonintheNewProjectdialogboxtocreatetheSolutionandSQLServerProject. ASQLServerProjectistiedtoaparticulardatabase.Consequently,aftercreatingthenewSQLServerProjectwe areimmediatelyaskedtospecifythisinformation.Figure5showstheNewDatabaseReferencedialogboxthathas beenfilledouttopointtotheNorthwinddatabaseweregisteredintheSQLServer2005ExpressEditiondatabase instancebackinStep1.

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Figure5:AssociatetheSQLServerProjectwiththeNorthwindDatabase

InordertodebugthemanagedstoredproceduresandUDFswewillcreatewithinthisproject,weneedtoenable SQL/CLRdebuggingsupportfortheconnection.WheneverassociatingaSQLServerProjectwithanewdatabase (aswedidinFigure5),VisualStudioasksusifwewanttoenableSQL/CLRdebuggingontheconnection(see Figure6).ClickYes.

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Figure6:EnableSQL/CLRDebugging

AtthispointthenewSQLServerProjecthasbeenaddedtotheSolution.ItcontainsafoldernamedTestScripts withafilenamedTest.sql,whichisusedfordebuggingthemanageddatabaseobjectscreatedintheproject.We willlookatdebugginginStep12. WecannowaddnewmanagedstoredproceduresandUDFstothisproject,butbeforewedoletsfirstincludeour existingwebapplicationintheSolution.FromtheFilemenuselecttheAddoptionandchooseExistingWebSite. BrowsetotheappropriatewebsitefolderandclickOK.AsFigure7shows,thiswillupdatetheSolutiontoinclude twoprojects:thewebsiteandtheManagedDatabaseConstructs SQLServerProject.

Figure7:TheSolutionExplorerNowIncludesTwoProjects

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TheNORTHWNDConnectionString valueinWeb.config currentlyreferencestheNORTHWND.MDF fileinthe App_Data folder.SinceweremovedthisdatabasefromApp_Data andexplicitlyregistereditintheSQLServer 2005ExpressEditiondatabaseinstance,weneedtocorrespondinglyupdatetheNORTHWNDConnectionString value.OpentheWeb.config fileinthewebsiteandchangetheNORTHWNDConnectionString valuesothatthe connectionstringreads:DataSource=localhost\SQLExpressInitialCatalog=NorthwindIntegrated Security=True. Afterthischange,your<connectionStrings> sectioninWeb.config shouldlooksimilartothe following:
<connectionStrings> <addname="NORTHWNDConnectionString"connectionString= "DataSource=localhost\SQLExpressInitialCatalog=Northwind IntegratedSecurity=TruePooling=false" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/> </connectionStrings>

Note:Asdiscussedintheprecedingtutorial,whendebuggingaSQLServerobjectfromaclientapplication, suchasanASP.NETwebsite,weneedtodisableconnectionpooling.Theconnectionstringshownabove disablesconnectionpooling(Pooling=false).Ifyoudonotplanondebuggingthemanagedstored proceduresandUDFsfromtheASP.NETwebsite,enableconnectionpooling.

Step3:CreatingaManagedStoredProcedure
ToaddamanagedstoredproceduretotheNorthwinddatabasewefirstneedtocreatethestoredprocedureasa methodintheSQLServerProject.FromtheSolutionExplorer,rightclickontheManagedDatabaseConstructs projectnameandchoosetoaddanewitem.ThiswilldisplaytheAddNewItemdialogbox,whichliststhetypes ofmanageddatabaseobjectsthatcanbeaddedtotheproject.AsFigure8shows,thisincludesstoredprocedures andUserDefinedFunctions,amongothers. Letsstartbyaddingastoredprocedurethatsimplyreturnsalloftheproductsthathavebeendiscontinued.Name thenewstoredprocedurefileGetDiscontinuedProducts.cs.

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Figure8:AddaNewStoredProcedureNamed GetDiscontinuedProducts.cs

ThiswillcreateanewC#classfilewiththefollowingcontent:
usingSystem usingSystem.Data usingSystem.Data.SqlClient usingSystem.Data.SqlTypes usingMicrosoft.SqlServer.Server publicpartialclassStoredProcedures { [Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlProcedure] publicstaticvoidGetDiscontinuedProducts() { //Putyourcodehere } }

Notethatthestoredprocedureisimplementedasastatic methodwithinapartial classfilenamed StoredProcedures.Moreover,theGetDiscontinuedProducts methodisdecoratedwiththeSqlProcedure attribute,whichmarksthemethodasastoredprocedure. ThefollowingcodecreatesaSqlCommand objectandsetsitsCommandText toaSELECT query thatreturnsallofthecolumnsfromtheProducts tableforproductswhoseDiscontinued field equals1.Itthenexecutesthecommandandsendstheresultsbacktotheclient application.AddthiscodetotheGetDiscontinuedProducts method.
//Createthecommand SqlCommandmyCommand=newSqlCommand() myCommand.CommandText= @"SELECTProductID,ProductName,SupplierID,CategoryID, QuantityPerUnit,UnitPrice,UnitsInStock,UnitsOnOrder, ReorderLevel,Discontinued FROMProducts WHEREDiscontinued=1" //Executethecommandandsendbacktheresults SqlContext.Pipe.ExecuteAndSend(myCommand)

AllmanageddatabaseobjectshaveaccesstoaSqlContext objectthatrepresentsthe contextofthecaller.TheSqlContext providesaccesstoaSqlPipe objectviaitsPipe property.ThisSqlPipe objectisusedtoferryinformationbetweentheSQLServerdatabase andthecallingapplication.Asitsnameimplies,theExecuteAndSend methodexecutesa passedinSqlCommand objectandsendstheresultsbacktotheclientapplication. Note:ManageddatabaseobjectsarebestsuitedforstoredproceduresandUDFsthat useprocedurallogicratherthansetbasedlogic.Procedurallogicinvolvesworking withsetsofdataonarowbyrowbasisorworkingwithscalardata.The GetDiscontinuedProducts methodwejustcreated,however,involvesnoprocedural logic.Therefore,itwouldideallybeimplementedasaTSQLstoredprocedure.Itis

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implementedasamanagedstoredproceduretodemonstratethestepsnecessaryfor creatinganddeployingmanagedstoredprocedures.

Step4:DeployingtheManagedStoredProcedure
Withthiscodecomplete,wearereadytodeployittotheNorthwinddatabase.Deployinga SQLServerProjectcompilesthecodeintoanassembly,registerstheassemblywiththe database,andcreatesthecorrespondingobjectsinthedatabase,linkingthemtothe appropriatemethodsintheassembly.TheexactsetoftasksperformedbytheDeploy optionismorepreciselyspelledoutinStep13.RightclickontheManagedDatabaseConstructs projectnameintheSolutionExplorerandchoosetheDeployoption.However,deployment failswiththefollowingerror:Incorrectsyntaxnear'EXTERNAL'.Youmayneedtosetthe compatibilitylevelofthecurrentdatabasetoahighervaluetoenablethisfeature.See helpforthestoredproceduresp_dbcmptlevel. ThiserrormessageoccurswhenattemptingtoregistertheassemblywiththeNorthwind database.InordertoregisteranassemblywithaSQLServer2005database,the databasescompatibilitylevelmustbesetto90.Bydefault,newSQLServer2005 databaseshaveacompatibilitylevelof90.However,databasescreatedusingMicrosoft SQLServer2000haveadefaultcompatibilitylevelof80.SincetheNorthwinddatabase wasinitiallyaMicrosoftSQLServer2000database,itscompatibilityleveliscurrentlysetto 80andthereforeneedstobeincreasedto90inordertoregistermanageddatabase objects. Toupdatethedatabasescompatibilitylevel,openaNewQuerywindowinManagement Studioandenter:
execsp_dbcmptlevel'Northwind',90

ClicktheExecuteiconintheToolbartoruntheabovequery.

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Figure9:UpdatetheNorthwindDatabasesCompatibilityLevel

Afterupdatingthecompatibilitylevel,redeploytheSQLServerProject.Thistimethe deploymentshouldcompletewithouterror. ReturntoSQLServerManagementStudio,rightclickontheNorthwinddatabaseinthe ObjectExplorer,andchooseRefresh.Next,drilldownintotheProgrammabilityfolderand thenexpandtheAssembliesfolder.AsFigure10shows,theNorthwinddatabasenow includestheassemblygeneratedbytheManagedDatabaseConstructs project.

Figure10:TheManagedDatabaseConstructs AssemblyisNowRegisteredwiththe NorthwindDatabase

AlsoexpandtheStoredProceduresfolder.Thereyouwillseeastoredprocedurenamed GetDiscontinuedProducts.Thisstoredprocedurewascreatedbythedeploymentprocessand pointstotheGetDiscontinuedProducts methodinthe ManagedDatabaseConstructs assembly.

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WhentheGetDiscontinuedProducts storedprocedureisexecuted,it,inturn,executesthe GetDiscontinuedProducts method.Sincethisisamanagedstoredprocedureitcannotbe editedthroughManagementStudio(hencethelockiconnexttothestoredprocedure name).

Figure11:TheGetDiscontinuedProducts StoredProcedureisListedintheStored ProceduresFolder

Thereisstillonemorehurdlewehavetoovercomebeforewecancallthemanagedstored procedure:thedatabaseisconfiguredtopreventexecutionofmanagedcode.Verifythis byopeninganewquerywindowandexecutingtheGetDiscontinuedProducts stored procedure.Youwillreceivethefollowingerrormessage:Executionofusercodein the.NETFrameworkisdisabled.Enableclrenabledconfigurationoption. ToexaminetheNorthwinddatabasesconfigurationinformation,enterandexecutethe 12 of38

commandexecsp_configureinthequerywindow.Thisshowsthattheclrenabled settingiscurrentlysetto0.

Figure12:TheclrenabledSettingisCurrentlySetto0

NotethateachconfigurationsettinginFigure12hasfourvalueslistedwithit:the minimumandmaximumvaluesandtheconfigandrunvalues.Toupdatetheconfigvalue fortheclrenabledsetting,executethefollowingcommand:

execsp_configure'clrenabled',1

Ifyoureruntheexecsp_configureyouwillseethattheabovestatementupdatedtheclr enabledsettingsconfigvalueto1,butthattherunvalueisstillsetto0.Forthis configurationchangetotakeaffectweneedtoexecutetheRECONFIGURE command,which willsettherunvaluetothecurrentconfigvalue.SimplyenterRECONFIGUREinthequery windowandclicktheExecuteiconintheToolbar.Ifyourunexecsp_configurenowyou shouldseeavalueof1fortheclrenabledsettingsconfigandrunvalues. Withtheclrenabledconfigurationcomplete,wearereadytorunthemanaged GetDiscontinuedProducts storedprocedure.Inthequerywindowenterandexecutethe commandexecGetDiscontinuedProducts.Invokingthestoredprocedurecausesthe correspondingmanagedcodeintheGetDiscontinuedProducts methodtoexecute.Thiscode issuesaSELECT querytoreturnallproductsthatarediscontinuedandreturnsthisdatato thecallingapplication,whichisSQLServerManagementStudiointhisinstance. ManagementStudioreceivestheseresultsanddisplaysthemintheResultswindow.

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Figure13:TheGetDiscontinuedProducts StoredProcedureReturnsAllDiscontinued Products

Step5:CreatingManagedStoredProceduresthat AcceptInputParameters
Manyofthequeriesandstoredprocedureswehavecreatedthroughoutthesetutorials haveusedparameters.Forexample,intheCreatingNewStoredProceduresfortheTyped DataSetsTableAdapterstutorialwecreatedastoredprocedurenamed GetProductsByCategoryID thatacceptedaninputparameternamed@CategoryID .Thestored procedurethenreturnedallproductswhoseCategoryID fieldmatchedthevalueofthe supplied@CategoryID parameter. Tocreateamanagedstoredprocedurethatacceptsinputparameters,simplyspecifythose parametersinthemethodsdefinition.Toillustratethis,letsaddanothermanagedstored proceduretotheManagedDatabaseConstructs projectnamedGetProductsWithPriceLessThan.This managedstoredprocedurewillacceptaninputparameterspecifyingapriceandwillreturn allproductswhoseUnitPrice fieldislessthantheparametersvalue. Toaddanewstoredproceduretotheproject,rightclickontheManagedDatabaseConstructs projectnameandchoosetoaddanewstoredprocedure.Namethefile GetProductsWithPriceLessThan.cs.AswesawinStep3,thiswillcreateanewC#classfile withamethodnamedGetProductsWithPriceLessThan placedwithinthepartial class StoredProcedures. UpdatetheGetProductsWithPriceLessThan methodsdefinitionsothatitacceptsaSqlMoney inputparameternamedprice andwritethecodetoexecuteandreturnthequeryresults:
[Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlProcedure] publicstaticvoidGetProductsWithPriceLessThan(SqlMoneyprice) { //Createthecommand

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SqlCommandmyCommand=newSqlCommand() myCommand.CommandText= @"SELECTProductID,ProductName,SupplierID,CategoryID, QuantityPerUnit,UnitPrice,UnitsInStock,UnitsOnOrder, ReorderLevel,Discontinued FROMProducts WHEREUnitPrice<@MaxPrice" myCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@MaxPrice",price) //Executethecommandandsendbacktheresults SqlContext.Pipe.ExecuteAndSend(myCommand) }

TheGetProductsWithPriceLessThan methodsdefinitionandcodecloselyresemblesthe definitionandcodeoftheGetDiscontinuedProducts methodcreatedinStep3.Theonly differencesarethattheGetProductsWithPriceLessThan methodacceptsasinputparameter (price),the SqlCommandsqueryincludesaparameter(@MaxPrice),andaparameterisadded totheSqlCommandsParameters collectionisandassignedthevalueoftheprice variable. Afteraddingthiscode,redeploytheSQLServerProject.Next,returntoSQLServer ManagementStudioandRefreshtheStoredProceduresfolder.Youshouldseeanewentry, GetProductsWithPriceLessThan.Fromaquerywindow,enterandexecutethecommandexec GetProductsWithPriceLessThan25,whichwilllistallproductslessthan$25,asFigure14 shows.

Figure14:ProductsUnder$25areDisplayed

Step6:CallingtheManagedStoredProcedurefrom theDataAccessLayer
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AtthispointwehaveaddedtheGetDiscontinuedProducts andGetProductsWithPriceLessThan managedstoredprocedurestotheManagedDatabaseConstructs projectandhaveregistered themwiththeNorthwindSQLServerdatabase.Wealsoinvokedthesemanagedstored proceduresfromSQLServerManagementStudio(seeFigures13and14).Inorderforour ASP.NETapplicationtousethesemanagedstoredprocedures,however,weneedtoadd themtotheDataAccessandBusinessLogicLayersinthearchitecture.Inthisstepwewill addtwonewmethodstotheProductsTableAdapter intheNorthwindWithSprocs TypedDataSet, whichwasinitiallycreatedintheCreatingNewStoredProceduresfortheTypedDataSets TableAdapterstutorial.InStep7wewilladdcorrespondingmethodstotheBLL. OpentheNorthwindWithSprocs TypedDataSetinVisualStudioandstartbyaddinganew methodtotheProductsTableAdapter namedGetDiscontinuedProducts.Toaddanewmethodto aTableAdapter,rightclickontheTableAdaptersnameintheDesignerandchoosetheAdd Queryoptionfromthecontextmenu. Note:SincewemovedtheNorthwinddatabasefromtheApp_Data foldertotheSQL Server2005ExpressEditiondatabaseinstance,itisimperativethatthecorresponding connectionstringinWeb.configbeupdatedtoreflectthischange.InStep2we discussedupdatingtheNORTHWNDConnectionString valueinWeb.config.Ifyouforgotto makethisupdate,thenyouwillseetheerrormessageFailedtoaddquery.Unableto findconnectionNORTHWNDConnectionStringforobjectWeb.configinadialogboxwhen attemptingtoaddanewmethodtotheTableAdapter.Toresolvethiserror,clickOK andthengotoWeb.config andupdatetheNORTHWNDConnectionString valueasdiscussed inStep2.ThentryreaddingthemethodtotheTableAdapter.Thistimeitshould workwithouterror. AddinganewmethodlaunchestheTableAdapterQueryConfigurationwizard,whichwe haveusedmanytimesinpasttutorials.Thefirststepasksustospecifyhowthe TableAdaptershouldaccessthedatabase:throughanadhocSQLstatementorviaanew orexistingstoredprocedure.Sincewehavealreadycreatedandregisteredthe GetDiscontinuedProducts managedstoredprocedurewiththedatabase,choosetheUse existingstoredprocedureoptionandhitNext.

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Figure15:ChoosetheUseexistingstoredprocedureOption

Thenextscreenpromptsusforthestoredprocedurethemethodwillinvoke.Choosethe GetDiscontinuedProducts managedstoredprocedurefromthedropdownlistandhitNext.

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Figure16:SelecttheGetDiscontinuedProducts ManagedStoredProcedure

Wearethenaskedtospecifywhetherthestoredprocedurereturnsrows,asinglevalue,or nothing.SinceGetDiscontinuedProducts returnsthesetofdiscontinuedproductrows,choose thefirstoption(Tabulardata)andclickNext.

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Figure17:SelecttheTabularDataOption

Thefinalwizardscreenallowsustospecifythedataaccesspatternsusedandthenames oftheresultingmethods.Leavebothcheckboxescheckedandnamethemethods FillByDiscontinued andGetDiscontinuedProducts.ClickFinishtocompletethewizard.

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Figure18:NametheMethodsFillByDiscontinued andGetDiscontinuedProducts

RepeatthesestepstocreatemethodsnamedFillByPriceLessThan and GetProductsWithPriceLessThan intheProductsTableAdapter forthe GetProductsWithPriceLessThan managedstoredprocedure. Figure19showsascreenshotoftheDataSetDesignerafteraddingthemethodstothe ProductsTableAdapter fortheGetDiscontinuedProducts andGetProductsWithPriceLessThan managedstoredprocedures.

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Figure19:TheProductsTableAdapter IncludestheNewMethodsAddedinthisStep

Step7:AddingCorrespondingMethodstothe BusinessLogicLayer
NowthatwehaveupdatedtheDataAccessLayertoincludemethodsforcallingthe managedstoredproceduresaddedinSteps4and5,weneedtoaddcorresponding methodstotheBusinessLogicLayer.Addthefollowingtwomethodstothe ProductsBLLWithSprocs class:
[System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodAttribute (System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodType.Select,false)] publicNorthwindWithSprocs.ProductsDataTableGetDiscontinuedProducts() { returnAdapter.GetDiscontinuedProducts() } [System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodAttribute (System.ComponentModel.DataObjectMethodType.Select,false)] publicNorthwindWithSprocs.ProductsDataTable GetProductsWithPriceLessThan(decimalpriceLessThan) { returnAdapter.GetProductsWithPriceLessThan(priceLessThan)

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BothmethodssimplycallthecorrespondingDALmethodandreturntheProductsDataTable instance.TheDataObjectMethodAttribute markupaboveeachmethodcausesthesemethods tobeincludedinthedropdownlistintheSELECTtaboftheObjectDataSourcesConfigure DataSourcewizard.

Step8:InvokingtheManagedStoredProceduresfrom thePresentationLayer
WiththeBusinessLogicandDataAccessLayersaugmentedtoincludesupportforcalling theGetDiscontinuedProducts andGetProductsWithPriceLessThan managedstoredprocedures, wecannowdisplaythesestoredproceduresresultsthroughanASP.NETpage. OpentheManagedFunctionsAndSprocs.aspx pageintheAdvancedDAL folderand,fromthe Toolbox,dragaGridViewontotheDesigner.SettheGridViewsID propertyto DiscontinuedProducts and,fromitssmarttag,bindittoanewObjectDataSourcenamed DiscontinuedProductsDataSource.ConfiguretheObjectDataSourcetopullitsdatafromthe ProductsBLLWithSprocs classsGetDiscontinuedProducts method.

Figure20:ConfiguretheObjectDataSourcetoUsetheProductsBLLWithSprocs Class

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Figure21:ChoosetheGetDiscontinuedProducts MethodfromtheDropDownListin theSELECTTab

Sincethisgridwillbeusedtojustdisplayproductinformation,setthedropdownlistsin theUPDATE,INSERT,andDELETEtabsto(None)andthenclickFinish. Uponcompletingthewizard,VisualStudiowillautomaticallyaddaBoundFieldor CheckBoxFieldforeachdatafieldintheProductsDataTable.Takeamomenttoremoveallof thesefieldsexceptforProductName andDiscontinued,atwhichpointyourGridViewand ObjectDataSourcesdeclarativemarkupshouldlooksimilartothefollowing:

<asp:GridViewID="DiscontinuedProducts"runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False"DataKeyNames="ProductID" DataSourceID="DiscontinuedProductsDataSource"> <Columns> <asp:BoundFieldDataField="ProductName"HeaderText="ProductName" SortExpression="ProductName"/> <asp:CheckBoxFieldDataField="Discontinued" HeaderText="Discontinued" SortExpression="Discontinued"/> </Columns> </asp:GridView> <asp:ObjectDataSourceID="DiscontinuedProductsDataSource"runat="server" OldValuesParameterFormatString="original_{0}" SelectMethod="GetDiscontinuedProducts"TypeName="ProductsBLLWithSprocs">

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</asp:ObjectDataSource>

Takeamomenttoviewthispagethroughabrowser.Whenthepageisvisited,the ObjectDataSourcecallstheProductsBLLWithSprocs classsGetDiscontinuedProducts method.As wesawinStep7,thismethodcallsdowntotheDALsProductsDataTable classs GetDiscontinuedProducts method,whichinvokestheGetDiscontinuedProducts stored procedure.Thisstoredprocedureisamanagedstoredprocedureandexecutesthecodewe createdinStep3,returningthediscontinuedproducts. Theresultsreturnedbythemanagedstoredprocedurearepackagedupintoa ProductsDataTable bytheDALandthenreturnedtotheBLL,whichthenreturnsthemtothe PresentationLayerwheretheyareboundtotheGridViewanddisplayed.Asexpected,the gridliststhoseproductsthathavebeendiscontinued.

Figure22:TheDiscontinuedProductsareListed

Forfurtherpractice,addaTextBoxandanotherGridViewtothepage.HavethisGridView displaytheproductslessthantheamountenteredintotheTextBoxbycallingthe ProductsBLLWithSprocs classsGetProductsWithPriceLessThan method.

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Step9:CreatingandCallingTSQLUDFs
UserDefinedFunctions,orUDFs,aredatabaseobjectsthecloselymimicthesemanticsof functionsinprogramminglanguages.LikeafunctioninC#,UDFscanincludeavariable numberofinputparametersandreturnavalueofaparticulartype.AUDFcanreturn eitherscalardataastring,aninteger,andsoforthortabulardata.Letstakeaquick lookatbothtypesofUDFs,startingwithaUDFthatreturnsascalardatatype. ThefollowingUDFcalculatestheestimatedvalueoftheinventoryforaparticularproduct. ItdoessobytakinginthreeinputparameterstheUnitPrice,UnitsInStock,and Discontinued valuesforaparticularproductandreturnsavalueoftypemoney.Itcomputes theestimatedvalueoftheinventorybymultiplyingtheUnitPrice bytheUnitsInStock.For discontinueditems,thisvalueishalved.
CREATEFUNCTIONudf_ComputeInventoryValue ( @UnitPricemoney, @UnitsInStocksmallint, @Discontinuedbit ) RETURNSmoney AS BEGIN DECLARE@Valuedecimal SET@Value=ISNULL(@UnitPrice,0)*ISNULL(@UnitsInStock,0) IF@Discontinued=1 SET@Value=@Value*0.5 RETURN@Value END

OncethisUDFhasbeenaddedtothedatabase,itcanbefoundthroughManagement StudiobyexpandingtheProgrammabilityfolder,thenFunctions,andthenScalarvalue Functions.ItcanbeusedinaSELECT querylikeso:

SELECTProductID,ProductName,dbo.udf_ComputeInventoryValue (UnitPrice,UnitsInStock,Discontinued)asInventoryValue FROMProducts ORDERBYInventoryValueDESC

Ihaveaddedtheudf_ComputeInventoryValue UDFtotheNorthwinddatabaseFigure23 showstheoutputoftheaboveSELECT querywhenviewedthroughManagementStudio. AlsonotethattheUDFislistedundertheScalarvalueFunctionsfolderintheObject Explorer.

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Figure23:EachProductsInventoryValuesisListed

UDFscanalsoreturntabulardata.Forexample,wecancreateaUDFthatreturnsproducts thatbelongtoaparticularcategory:
CREATEFUNCTIONdbo.udf_GetProductsByCategoryID ( @CategoryIDint ) RETURNSTABLE AS RETURN ( SELECTProductID,ProductName,SupplierID,CategoryID, QuantityPerUnit,UnitPrice,UnitsInStock,UnitsOnOrder, ReorderLevel,Discontinued FROMProducts WHERECategoryID=@CategoryID )

Theudf_GetProductsByCategoryID UDFacceptsa@CategoryID inputparameterandreturnsthe resultsofthespecifiedSELECT query.Oncecreated,thisUDFcanbereferencedintheFROM (orJOIN)clauseofaSELECT query.ThefollowingexamplewouldreturntheProductID, ProductName,andCategoryID valuesforeachofthebeverages.

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SELECTProductID,ProductName,CategoryID FROMdbo.udf_GetProductsByCategoryID(1)

Ihaveaddedtheudf_GetProductsByCategoryID UDFtotheNorthwinddatabaseFigure24 showstheoutputoftheaboveSELECT querywhenviewedthroughManagementStudio. UDFsthatreturntabulardatacanbefoundintheObjectExplorersTablevalueFunctions folder.

Figure24:TheProductID,ProductName,andCategoryID areListedforEachBeverage

Note:FormoreinformationoncreatingandusingUDFs,checkoutIntrotoUser DefinedFunctions.AlsocheckoutAdvantagesandDrawbacksofUserDefined Functions.

Step10:CreatingaManagedUDF
Theudf_ComputeInventoryValue andudf_GetProductsByCategoryID UDFscreatedintheabove examplesareTSQLdatabaseobjects.SQLServer2005alsosupportsmanagedUDFs, whichcanbeaddedtotheManagedDatabaseConstructs projectjustlikethemanagedstored proceduresfromSteps3and5.Forthisstep,letsimplementtheudf_ComputeInventoryValue UDFinmanagedcode. ToaddamanagedUDFtotheManagedDatabaseConstructs project,rightclickontheproject 27 of38

nameinSolutionExplorerandchoosetoAddaNewItem.SelecttheUserDefined TemplatefromtheAddNewItemdialogboxandnamethenewUDFfile udf_ComputeInventoryValue_Managed.cs.

Figure25:AddaNewManagedUDFtotheManagedDatabaseConstructs Project

TheUserDefinedFunctiontemplatecreatesapartial classnamedUserDefinedFunctions withamethodwhosenameisthesameastheclassfilesname (udf_ComputeInventoryValue_Managed,inthisinstance).Thismethodisdecoratedusingthe SqlFunction attribute,whichflagsthemethodasamanagedUDF.

usingSystem usingSystem.Data usingSystem.Data.SqlClient usingSystem.Data.SqlTypes usingMicrosoft.SqlServer.Server publicpartialclassUserDefinedFunctions { [Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlFunction] publicstaticSqlStringudf_ComputeInventoryValue_Managed() { //Putyourcodehere returnnewSqlString("Hello") } }

Theudf_ComputeInventoryValue methodcurrentlyreturnsaSqlString objectanddoesnot acceptanyinputparameters.Weneedtoupdatethemethoddefinitionsothatitaccepts threeinputparametersUnitPrice,UnitsInStock,andDiscontinued andreturnsaSqlMoney

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object.ThelogicforcalculatingtheinventoryvalueisidenticaltothatintheTSQL udf_ComputeInventoryValue UDF.

[Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlFunction] publicstaticSqlMoneyudf_ComputeInventoryValue_Managed (SqlMoneyUnitPrice,SqlInt16UnitsInStock,SqlBooleanDiscontinued) { SqlMoneyinventoryValue=0 if(!UnitPrice.IsNull&&!UnitsInStock.IsNull) { inventoryValue=UnitPrice*UnitsInStock if(Discontinued==true) inventoryValue=inventoryValue*newSqlMoney(0.5) } returninventoryValue }

NotethattheUDFmethodsinputparametersareoftheircorrespondingSQLtypes: SqlMoney fortheUnitPrice field,SqlInt16 for UnitsInStock,andSqlBoolean for Discontinued. ThesedatatypesreflectthetypesdefinedintheProducts table:theUnitPrice columnisof typemoney,theUnitsInStock columnoftypesmallint,andtheDiscontinued columnoftype bit. ThecodestartsbycreatingaSqlMoney instancenamedinventoryValue thatisassigneda valueof0.TheProducts tableallowsfordatabaseNULL valuesintheUnitsInPrice and UnitsInStock columns.Therefore,weneedtofirstchecktoseeifthesevaluescontainNULLs, whichwedothroughtheSqlMoney objectsIsNull property.IfbothUnitPrice and UnitsInStock containnonNULL values,thenwecomputetheinventoryValue tobetheproduct ofthetwo.Then,ifDiscontinued istrue,thenwehalvethevalue. Note:TheSqlMoney objectonlyallowstwoSqlMoney instancestobemultipliedtogether. ItdoesnotallowaSqlMoney instancetobemultipliedbyaliteralfloatingpoint number.Therefore,tohalveinventoryValue wemultiplyitbyanew SqlMoney instance thathasthevalue0.5.

Step11:DeployingtheManagedUDF
NowthatthatthemanagedUDFhasbeencreated,wearereadytodeployittothe Northwinddatabase.AswesawinStep4,themanagedobjectsinaSQLServerProject aredeployedbyrightclickingontheprojectnameintheSolutionExplorerandchoosing theDeployoptionfromthecontextmenu. Onceyouhavedeployedtheproject,returntoSQLServerManagementStudioandrefresh theScalarvaluedFunctionsfolder.Youshouldnowseetwoentries:
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dbo.udf_ComputeInventoryValue theTSQLUDFcreatedinStep9,and dbo.udfComputeInventoryValue_Managed themanagedUDFcreatedinStep10thatwas

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TotestthismanagedUDF,executethefollowingqueryfromwithinManagementStudio:
SELECTProductID,ProductName, dbo.udf_ComputeInventoryValue_Managed( UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, Discontinued )asInventoryValue FROMProducts ORDERBYInventoryValueDESC

ThiscommandusesthemanagedudfComputeInventoryValue_Managed UDFinsteadoftheT SQLudf_ComputeInventoryValue UDF,buttheoutputisthesame.ReferbacktoFigure23to seeascreenshotoftheUDFsoutput.

Step12:DebuggingtheManagedDatabaseObjects
IntheDebuggingStoredProcedurestutorialwediscussedthethreeoptionsfordebugging SQLServerthroughVisualStudio:DirectDatabaseDebugging,ApplicationDebugging,and DebuggingfromaSQLServerProject.Manageddatabaseobjectscannotbedebuggedvia DirectDatabaseDebugging,butcanbedebuggedfromaclientapplicationanddirectly fromtheSQLServerProject.Inorderfordebuggingtowork,however,theSQLServer 2005databasemustallowSQL/CLRdebugging.Recallthatwhenwefirstcreatedthe ManagedDatabaseConstructs projectVisualStudioaskeduswhetherwewantedtoenable SQL/CLRdebugging(seeFigure6inStep2).Thissettingcanbemodifiedbyrightclicking onthedatabasefromtheServerExplorerwindow.

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Figure26:EnsurethattheDatabaseAllowsSQL/CLRDebugging

ImaginethatwewantedtodebugtheGetProductsWithPriceLessThan managedstored procedure.Wewouldstartbysettingabreakpointwithinthecodeofthe GetProductsWithPriceLessThan method.

Figure27:SetaBreakpointintheGetProductsWithPriceLessThan Method

LetsfirstlookatdebuggingthemanageddatabaseobjectsfromtheSQLServerProject. SinceourSolutionincludestwoprojectstheManagedDatabaseConstructs SQLServerProject alongwithourwebsiteinordertodebugfromtheSQLServerProjectweneedtoinstruct VisualStudiotolaunchtheManagedDatabaseConstructs SQLServerProjectwhenwestart debugging.RightclicktheManagedDatabaseConstructs projectinSolutionExplorerandchoose theSetasStartUpProjectoptionfromthecontextmenu. WhentheManagedDatabaseConstructs projectislaunchedfromthedebuggeritexecutesthe SQLstatementsintheTest.sql file,whichislocatedintheTestScripts folder.Forexample, totesttheGetProductsWithPriceLessThan managedstoredprocedure,replacetheexisting Test.sql filecontentwiththefollowingstatement,whichinvokesthe GetProductsWithPriceLessThan managedstoredprocedurepassinginthe@CategoryID value of14.95:
execGetProductsWithPriceLessThan14.95

OnceyouveenteredtheabovescriptintoTest.sql,startdebuggingbygoingtotheDebug menuandchoosingStartDebuggingorbyhittingF5orthegreenplayiconintheToolbar. ThiswillbuildtheprojectswithintheSolution,deploythemanageddatabaseobjectstothe Northwinddatabase,andthenexecutetheTest.sql script.Atthispoint,thebreakpointwill

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behitandwecanstepthroughtheGetProductsWithPriceLessThan method,examinethe valuesoftheinputparameters,andsoon.

Figure28:TheBreakpointintheGetProductsWithPriceLessThan MethodWasHit

InorderforaSQLdatabaseobjecttobedebuggedthroughaclientapplication,itis imperativethatthedatabasebeconfiguredtosupportapplicationdebugging.Rightclickon thedatabaseinServerExplorerandensurethattheApplicationDebuggingoptionis checked.Furthermore,weneedtoconfiguretheASP.NETapplicationtointegratewiththe SQLDebuggerandtodisableconnectionpooling.Thesestepswerediscussedindetailin Step2oftheDebuggingStoredProcedurestutorial. OnceyouhaveconfiguredtheASP.NETapplicationanddatabase,settheASP.NETwebsite asthestartupprojectandstartdebugging.Ifyouvisitapagethatcallsoneofthe managedobjectsthathasabreakpoint,theapplicationwillhaltandcontrolwillbeturned overtothedebugger,whereyoucanstepthroughthecodeasshowninFigure28.

Step13:ManuallyCompilingandDeployingManaged DatabaseObjects
SQLServerProjectsmakeiteasytocreate,compile,anddeploymanageddatabase objects.Unfortunately,SQLServerProjectsareonlyavailableintheProfessionalandTeam

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SystemseditionsofVisualStudio.IfyouareusingVisualWebDeveloperortheStandard EditionofVisualStudioandwanttousemanageddatabaseobjects,youwillneedto manuallycreateanddeploythem.Thisinvolvesfoursteps: 1. 2. 3. 4. Createafilethatcontainsthesourcecodeforthemanageddatabaseobject, Compiletheobjectintoanassembly, RegistertheassemblywiththeSQLServer2005database,and CreateadatabaseobjectinSQLServerthatpointstotheappropriatemethodinthe assembly.

Toillustratethesetasks,letscreateanewmanagedstoredprocedurethatreturnsthose productswhoseUnitPrice isgreaterthanaspecifiedvalue.Createanewfileonyour computernamedGetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan.cs andenterthefollowingcodeintothe file(youcanuseVisualStudio,Notepad,oranytexteditortoaccomplishthis):

usingSystem usingSystem.Data usingSystem.Data.SqlClient usingSystem.Data.SqlTypes usingMicrosoft.SqlServer.Server publicpartialclassStoredProcedures { [Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlProcedure] publicstaticvoidGetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan(SqlMoneyprice) { //Createthecommand SqlCommandmyCommand=newSqlCommand() myCommand.CommandText= @"SELECTProductID,ProductName,SupplierID,CategoryID, QuantityPerUnit,UnitPrice,UnitsInStock,UnitsOnOrder, ReorderLevel,Discontinued FROMProducts WHEREUnitPrice>@MinPrice" myCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@MinPrice",price) //Executethecommandandsendbacktheresults SqlContext.Pipe.ExecuteAndSend(myCommand) } }

ThiscodeisnearlyidenticaltothatoftheGetProductsWithPriceLessThan methodcreatedin Step5.Theonlydifferencesarethemethodnames,theWHERE clause,andtheparameter nameusedinthequery.BackintheGetProductsWithPriceLessThan method,theWHERE clause read:WHEREUnitPrice<@MaxPrice.Here,inGetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan,weuse:WHERE UnitPrice>@MinPrice. Wenowneedtocompilethisclassintoanassembly.Fromthecommandline,navigateto thedirectorywhereyousavedtheGetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan.cs fileandusetheC# compiler(csc.exe)tocompiletheclassfileintoanassembly:
csc.exe/t:library/out:ManuallyCreatedDBObjects.dllGetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan.cs

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Ifthefoldercontainingcsc.exe innotinthesystemsPATH,youwillhavetofullyreference itspath,%WINDOWS%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\version\,likeso:

C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\csc.exe/t:library/out:ManuallyCreatedDBObjects

Figure29:CompileGetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan.cs IntoanAssembly

The/t flagspecifiesthattheC#classfileshouldbecompiledintoaDLL(ratherthanan executable).The/out flagspecifiesthenameoftheresultingassembly. Note:RatherthancompilingtheGetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan.cs classfilefromthe commandlineyoucouldalternativelyuseVisualC#ExpressEditionorcreatea separateClassLibraryprojectinVisualStudioStandardEdition.SrenJacobLauritsen haskindlyprovidedsuchaVisualC#ExpressEditionprojectwithcodeforthe GetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan storedprocedureandthetwomanagedstored proceduresandUDFcreatedinSteps3,5,and10.SrensprojectalsoincludestheT SQLcommandsneededtoaddthecorrespondingdatabaseobjects. Withthecodecompiledintoanassembly,wearereadytoregistertheassemblywithinthe SQLServer2005database.ThiscanbeperformedthroughTSQL,usingthecommand CREATEASSEMBLY,orthroughSQLServerManagementStudio.Letsfocusonusing ManagementStudio. FromManagementStudio,expandtheProgrammabilityfolderintheNorthwinddatabase. OneofitssubfolderisAssemblies.TomanuallyaddanewAssemblytothedatabase,right clickontheAssembliesfolderandchooseNewAssemblyfromthecontextmenu.This displaystheNewAssemblydialogbox(seeFigure30).ClickontheBrowsebutton,select theManuallyCreatedDBObjects.dll assemblywejustcompiled,andthenclickOKtoaddthe Assemblytothedatabase.YoushouldnotseetheManuallyCreatedDBObjects.dll assemblyin theObjectExplorer.

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Figure30:AddtheManuallyCreatedDBObjects.dll AssemblytotheDatabase

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Figure31:TheManuallyCreatedDBObjects.dll isListedintheObjectExplorer

WhilewehaveaddedtheassemblytotheNorthwinddatabase,wehaveyettoassociatea storedprocedurewiththeGetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan methodintheassembly.To accomplishthis,openanewquerywindowandexecutethefollowingscript:

CREATEPROCEDURE[dbo].[GetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan] ( @price[numeric](18,0) ) WITHEXECUTEASCALLER AS EXTERNALNAME[ManuallyCreatedDBObjects].[StoredProcedures].[GetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan] GO

ThiscreatesanewstoredprocedureintheNorthwinddatabasenamed GetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan andassociatesitwiththemanagedmethod GetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan (whichisintheclassStoredProcedures ,whichisinthe assemblyManuallyCreatedDBObjects). Afterexecutingtheabovescript,refreshtheStoredProceduresfolderintheObject Explorer.YoushouldseeanewstoredprocedureentryGetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan whichhasalockiconnexttoit.Totestthisstoredprocedure,enterandexecutethe followingscriptinthequerywindow:

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execGetProductsWithPriceGreaterThan24.95

AsFigure32shows,theabovecommanddisplaysinformationforthoseproductswitha UnitPrice greaterthan$24.95.

Figure32:TheManuallyCreatedDBObjects.dll isListedintheObjectExplorer

Summary
MicrosoftSQLServer2005providesintegrationwiththeCommonLanguageRuntime (CLR),whichallowsdatabaseobjectstobecreatedusingmanagedcode.Previously,these databaseobjectscouldonlybecreatedusingTSQL,butnowwecancreatetheseobjects using.NETprogramminglanguageslikeC#.Inthistutorialwecreatedtwomanaged storedproceduresandamanagedUserDefinedFunction. VisualStudiosSQLServerProjecttypefacilitatescreating,compiling,anddeploying manageddatabaseobjects.Moreover,itoffersrichdebuggingsupport.However,SQL ServerProjecttypesareonlyavailableintheProfessionalandTeamSystemseditionsof VisualStudio.ForthoseusingVisualWebDeveloperortheStandardEditionofVisual Studio,thecreation,compilation,anddeploymentstepsmustbeperformedmanually,as wesawinStep13. HappyProgramming!

FurtherReading
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Formoreinformationonthetopicsdiscussedinthistutorial,refertothefollowing resources:
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AdvantagesandDrawbacksofUserDefinedFunctions CreatingSQLServer2005ObjectsinManagedCode CreatingTriggersUsingManagedCodeinSQLServer2005 HowTo:CreateandRunaCLRSQLServerStoredProcedure HowTo:CreateandRunaCLRSQLServerUserDefinedFunction HowTo:EdittheTest.sql ScripttoRunSQLObjects IntrotoUserDefinedFunctions ManagedCodeandSQLServer2005(Video) TransactSQLReference Walkthrough:CreatingaStoredProcedureinManagedCode

AbouttheAuthor
ScottMitchell,authorofsevenASP/ASP.NETbooksandfounderof4GuysFromRolla.com, hasbeenworkingwithMicrosoftWebtechnologiessince1998.Scottworksasan independentconsultant,trainer,andwriter.HislatestbookisSamsTeachYourself ASP.NET2.0in24Hours.Hecanbereachedatmitchell@4GuysFromRolla.com.orviahis blog,whichcanbefoundathttp://ScottOnWriting.NET.

SpecialThanksTo
Thistutorialserieswasreviewedbymanyhelpfulreviewers.Leadreviewerforthistutorial wasSrenJacobLauritsen.Inadditiontoreviewingthisarticle,Srenalsocreatedthe VisualC#ExpressEditionprojectincludedinthisarticlesdownloadformanuallycompiling themanageddatabaseobjects.InterestedinreviewingmyupcomingMSDNarticles?Ifso, dropmealineatmitchell@4GuysFromRolla.com.

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