HISTORY OF SINDH

Sindh which is regarded as the oldest civilization of the world with the first known village settlement data as for back as 7000 BC.From many centuries Sindh was called with other names like Sauvira,Mehran,Sindhudesh and Sindh,but its mainly based on the original name of river Indus.It was much civilized and advanced society in which Moen-jo-daro is included and in Moen-jo-daro there was avery wide street and good drainage system.Indu civilization is as old as ancient Egypt and ancient Mesopotamia.Cotton word which is suggesting by Sindh and it was imported by Indus valley civilization.There are many kings and Rulers who was rule over the Sindh such as Raja Dahir,British ruler.In late 300 BC .Sindh was conquered by mix army which led by macadonian Greeks under the Alexander and they ruled for few decades/years.There was a Maurayan Emperor Ashoka who want to spread Budhist religion in Sindh.This ups and down of history continued until 711 BC.when Muhammad Bin Qasim conquered Sindh and then Arab entered in sub-continent and Islam spread over there.Sindh has also other name which we called BabulIslam.Todays Sindh is largely developed country in which Karachi,Hyderabad and Sukkur cities are present which are highly international countries.In Sindh three years ago economy was based on agriculture but now its based on industrial production.Sindh is most unbrainzed (develop) and educated province of Pakistan.

CULTURE

Culture of Sindh is quiet simple in which people wear Shalwar Camees ,Topi ajrak.They follow their customes and tradition.They celebrate some days like culture day with the name of topi ajrak day.

LANGUAGE
Sindhi language is taken from sanskiriti which is one of the oldest language on the world.Large part of the Sindh language is sanskirit but later on it receive large vocabulary from Arabian and Percian.Sindhi language is the oldest language which is spoken on Sindh and other part of Pakistan.It is also spoken in some part of India.

SPORTS
In Sindh there are many traditional sports which are many traditional sports which are still founded at some places like Malakhiro is the most famous game in Sindh,kodikodi,wanjwati and Thipai Rand.

POETRY AND MUSIC

Sindhi poetry is very famous in Pakistan and special poetry in Sindh is considard poetry of SHAH ABDUL LATIF BHITTAI and SACHAL SARMAST.There are some local poets such as Ustad Bukhari,Sheikh ayaz are also very famous.

GEOGRAPHY
Geographically its the 3rd largest province in Pakistan and its stretching about 579km from North-South and 442km/281km from East-West.Sindh is bounded by Thar desert to the

East,kirthar mountain to the West and Arabian sea in the South.Around the Indus river there is afertile plain.

CLIMATE As we all know about it that Sindh is hot in summer and cold in winter and between may and august temperature above 46centgrade(115Faranheight).And during December and Jan temperature is very minimum like 2centigrade(36F).Average rainfall in Sindh is only 1518cm/year,but the loss between two seasons is compensated by Indus.Climatically Sindh is devided in three section: 1. SIRO(UPPER SECTION CENTERED ON JACOBABAD): 2. WICHOLO(MIDDLE=====ON HYDERABAD): 3. LAR(LOWEST======ON KARACHI) 1.SIRO:In upper Sindh the thermal equator passess through the Sindh.The highest temp: recorded was 53C(127F) in 1919. 2.WICHOLO:In central Sindh average monsoon wind speed is 18km/hr in june.The temp: is lowest than upper Sindh.In this days are hot and nights are cold and max:temperature reaches at 43-44C. 3.LAR:Lower Sindh has a damper and maritime climate which is affected by the South-Western wind in summer and North Estern wind in winter.There is

lower rainfall than central Sindh.Max: temperature reaches about 35-38C(75-100F).

MAIN LANGUAGE
There are three main language: 1. URDU (NATIONAL) 2. ENGLISH (OFFICIAL) 3. SINDHI (PROVINCIALLY)

SOME HISTORICAL PLACES IN SINDH

MOEN-JO-DARO KOT DIJI FORT RUNI KOT FORT NAUKOT FORT BHANBHORE

GOVERNMENT
The Provincial assembly of Sindh is unicameral and consist of 168 seats from which 5% are reserved for non-muslim and 17% for women.

DISTRICT
There are 23 districts in Sindh.From which some are given below:

KARACHI,LARKANA,JACOBABAD,SUKKUR,GHOTKI,KASHMOR ,KHAIRPUR,DADU,NAWABSHAH,HYDEABAD,THATTA,MIRPU R KHAS,JAMSHORO and So On

MAJOR CITIES
There are many major cities present on Sindh which are given below: BADIN,DADU,DHARKI,GHOTKI,HALA,HYDERABAD,JACOBAB AD,JAMSHORO,KARACHI,KASHMIR,KHAIRPUR,LARKANA,MI RPUR MATHELO,RATO DERO,SHIKARPUR,ROHRI,SUKKUR,TANDO JAM,THATTA.

ECONOMY
Sindh is abackbone of Pakistan economy.It generate almost 30% of total National tax revenue.The actual Sindh tax revenue is much higher than its official tax revenue.Sindh is amajor center of economic activity in Pakistan and it has highly diversified economy.Agriculture is very important in Sindh with cotton,rice and wheat.

EDUCATION
The Narayan Jagnath High School at Karachi was the first Institution of Sindh include Agha khan university,NED University,Liaqat Uni: of medical,Mehran Uni:,(SALU),Chandka medical college,Iqra uni:,sir sayd uni:of engineering etc. There are six cadet college.In Sindh there is a rule that if candidates wants admission than they have their own

domicile and also of their parents.In Sindh there is a intraprovincial merit based admission for run educational institutes mean to say this give equal chance to every student.

ARTS AND CRAFTS

The skill of Sindhi craftsman is continue from 5000 years old artistic tradition.Sindh has a ajrak,poetry,leather work,carpets,silk cloth. The chief article which produced in Sindh are blankets,metal work,Gold and Silver embroidery. There are other some popular crafts: Boobak for carpets,Nasirpur,Gambat .The earthenware of johi,metal vessel of Shikarpur,Leather article of Tharparkar.