1.

Light travels in a straight line, but when travels from one medium to another medium with different , it changes direction. The change in direction when light ray travels from one medium to another medium is called refraction . The light ray that travels along the bend. normal line of the boundary between two medium does not

2.

3.

When a light ray travels from an optically denser medium to a less dense medium, it refracts from the normal.

far

4.

When a light ray travels from an optically less dense medium to a denser medium, the angle of incident ray (at less dense medium) is larger then the angle of refracted ray (at denser medium). In the diagram below, a. draw two normal lines of the ray to and from the glass block b. show the refracted light of the glass block c. complete the direction of light d. indicate the angle of incident, i , and the angle of refraction, r .

5.

6. 7.

Angle of incident or angle of refraction is an angle made between the ray and the normal line. Snells Law says that the ratio of

refractive index

sin i is a constant. It is known as the sin r of a medium (water / glass / perspex), n, where i > r .
as it travel into a medium, therefore the refractive index of a , simplified n =

8.

The speed of light medium n =

decreases

c . v

9.

Due to refraction of light, a. a straight straw / rod appears b.

bent

at the boundary of liquid. actually is.

the bottom of a pool liquid appears

shallower / nearer to the surface that it

10. The refractive index of liquid can be calculated using, n =

, simplified n =

D . d

11. In the diagram below use the following steps to construct the refraction of light of a coin in a beaker of water.

a. b. c.

draw the two normal lines at the boundary of liquid draw and show the two rays refracted at the air (further from normal line) draw an eye at the correct position

d.

from the eye, followed the refracted rays, extra-polated dotted lines backward above the original coin. Draw a dotted oval shape, to represents the image of the coin.

and meet

12. The phenomenon of refraction of light include night and wriggling of distant objects on hot day.

mirage,

sunrise,

sunset, twinkling stars at

1. 2. 3.

When light passes through a convex lens, the light converges to a point and we call it focal point. Convex lens is also known as a converging lens. Concave lens is also known as a diverging lens because light passes through it diverge from a point, the focal point, F. For the ray diagram below fill in the following labels: Principle axis, P, Optical centre, O, Focal point, F, focal length, f

4. 5. 6.

The symbol for image distance is

and the symbol for object distance is . size of image, D The formula for magnification m = or m = size of object , d 1 1 1 can be used to solve optical problems. Explain what does it means when f Given the formula f u v is negative value, f is positive value, v is negative value and v is positive value. f is negative : . f is positive : . v is negative : v is positive : .