Trisha Patel Stats 10 HW 6 17 May 2013 7.54 (a) ME:0.03 95%CI = 0.83 0.03 0.83-0.03=0.80 0.83+0.03=0.

86 I am 95% confident that the true population proportion of people who wear their seatbelt is between (0.80, 0.86). (b) I would reject this percentage and would see it as implausible because 0.71 stands more than 3 standard deviations outside the confidence interval. If 0.71 was the percentage of people using seatbelts in 2000, then the number of people using seatbelts greatly increased from 2000 to 2008. 7.56 (a) On average, out of 30 digits, there would be about 15 even numbered digits. (b) 1-0.80=0.20(30) =6 This indicates that 6 out of the 30 students will not have the true proportion of even digits is p=0.50. 7.62(a) 0.74(506) =374.44 or about 375 men supported the use of nuclear energy. (b) =0.0195

M=1.96 x 0.0195=0.038 0.740.038 (0.74-0.038, 0.74+0.038)= (0.702, 0.778) I am 95% confident that the true population of men who supported the use of nuclear energy is between (0.702, 0.778). (c) A 90% would be narrower because it uses the z*=1.645 while for 95%, z*=1.96, which indicates that the higher the degree of confidence, the larger the margin of error. 7.66(a) n= = = 3086.4=3087

By rounding up, the margin of error is guaranteed. (b) The margin of 1.7% requires a larger sample in comparison to the margin of 1.8%. This means that it can be concluded that the lower the margin of error, the larger the sample size. 7.74 (a) = 0.410, so about 41% of respondents have preferred that smoking should be completely banned in the work place. (b) = 0.0155

M=1.96 x 0.0155=0.0304 (0.4100.0304) (0.410-0.0304, 0.410+0.0304) = (0.3796, 0.4404) I am 95% confident that the true percentage of adults who support banning smoking in the workplace is between 38% and 44%. (c) I would reject this proposition that a majority, meaning over 50%, would wish to ban smoking because it is more than 3 standard deviations away from the confidence interval.

(d) If the sample size was 503 which is half of 1006 and the number of individuals in favor of banning smoking in the workplace are halved as well, then the margin of error increases because increasing the sample size causes the margin of error to decrease. 7.78 (a) this statement is incorrect because once we obtain the confidence intervals; they are not to be questioned or make probability statements from them. (b)This statement is incorrect because it is implying that the population percentage varies and believes that sometimes it is in the interval while other times it is not in the interval. However this is incorrect because there is only one population percentage and it does not vary. (c) This statement is incorrect because the confidence intervals are once again being questioned and this is incorrect because probability statements should not be made about them. (d) This statement is incorrect because there is no significance in the sample percentages, but instead we need to predict the population percentage from sample percentages. (e) This statement is correct Chapter 8 8.2 (a) In statistical inference, measurements are made on a sample and generalization are made regarding a population. 8.6 (a) The correct null hypothesis p= or option 4 because it is a statement about a population parameter and it assumes no change from what is expected. 8.10 (a) The correct alternative hypothesis is p > 0.85 or option 2 because the new drug mentioned in the problem is being tested to see if it increases the stroke survival rate. 8.12 (a) The value of 0.01 represents the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true. This means that there is a percent chance that we would reject a student is guessing when they actually are. 8.16 (a) A p value of 0.079 means that there is a probability of 7.9% that a student with get 60% or more of the questions correct, when actually, the student is guessing and should only get 50% of the questions correct. StatCrunch(Section A) (1)

(2)

= 0.70% 0.70 0.032(1.96) (0.70-0.064, 0.70+0.064) (0.636, 0.763) I am 95% confident that the true population proportion of adults that endorse spending more money on the mental health of war veterans is between (0.636, 0.763). (3) for 90% confidence interval

99% confidence interval

When comparing the 3 confidence intervals, we can conclude that the three intervals are: 90% CI=(0.647,0.753) 95% CI=(0.636, 0.763) 99%CI=(0.617,0.783) The confidence interval of 99% is the widest because it is almost 100% certain that the value is between those intervals which means that we do not want to miss the true population proportion so we have to make the width bigger so we encompass a larger interval and will have a higher chance of including the population proportion instead of missing it. In other words, in order to be more confident that our interval actually contains the population mean, we have to increase the size of the interval, i.e., we have to be less precise. Section b If we double the sample (400 of which 240 endorse)and still calculate the 95% confidence interval and compare it to the data in which the sample which is half(200 in which 140 endorse),

then the standard error decreases and thus causes the confidence interval to get narrower. This is because as the sample size increases the margin of error decrease and causes the confidence interval to get narrower and more accurate. Larger samples result in smaller standard errors, and therefore, in sampling distributions that are more clustered around the population mean. A more closely clustered sampling distribution indicates that our confidence intervals will be narrower and more precise. In other words, as the sample size increases, the interval and its width decrease, thus providing a more precise estimate of the population value, as shown by the decrease in the margin of error.