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Apparatus:
Milk powder suspension Test tubes Flat bottomed tubes Water bath Conical flask : for diluting enzyme Test tube holder Stop clock Standard acidified protease solution or alkaline trypsin solution Buffer 50cm3 pipettes, syringe or measuring cylinder 50cm3 beaker Eye protection PH indicator Gloves Glass rod Weighing scale
6 October 2012
Enzyme Experiment
Procedure:
Properly wash and rinse test tubes , measuring cylinder, conical flask, beakers , pipettes, glass rod and syringe with soap, tap water and distilled water Weigh 5g of powder milk on a weighing scale Measure 100cm3 of distilled water in a measuring cylinder Make milk suspension, by dissolving 5g of milk powder in 100cm3 of water Weight 0.5g of trypsin on a weighing scale Make 5ml of trypsin solution, mix 0.5g of trypsin powder in 100cm3 of water and add enough alkali to produce a pH of 9. Measure the pH of the trypsin solution using any suitable indicator With a glass rod, stir the solution properly to obtain an homogenous solution of milk Pipette 5cm3 of the milk suspension into a test tube(A) Pipette 5cm3 of the protease or trypsin solution into the test tube in A. Mix the solution thoroughly and immediately start the stop clock. Record the time taken for the protein solution to clear Make 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%and 1.0% concentration of enzyme by diluting the trypsin solution in 0.8%, 0.6%, 0.4%, 0.2% and 0.0% cm3 of distilled water. Repeat the experiment using different concentration of Enzyme given above. The reaction with 0.0% enzyme concentration serves as the control experiment.
Variables:
Independent o Volume of Enzyme concentration o Volume of distilled water Dependent o Time taken for the solution to clear Controls o Temperature: An increase in temperature would increase the rate of reaction, therefore making the result inaccurate also high temperature denatures the enzyme H o P of Enzyme: An Increase in pH would increase the rate of reaction, therefore making the result inaccurate also high pH denature the enzyme Volume of protein suspension Increase or decrease in protein suspension will increase and decrease the rate of reaction respectively, thereby reducing the accuracy of our Result.
6 October 2012
Enzyme Experiment
Errors:
Human o Reading measurement o Method of measurement Parallax error Reading accuracy of stop clock and indicator Using a weak alkali Identifying when the solution have completely cleared
6 October 2012
Enzyme Experiment
Overheating the solution o Use thermometer to measure the temperature of the water bath. Breaking apparatus o Handle apparatus with care o And provide extra pairs of each apparatus Increasing concentration of solution o Use a pH buffer
Results:
Enzyme conc. 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Average time 256.20 149.60 74.40 77.40 65.70 Rate of Reaction 1/time 0.00390 0.00668 0.01344 0.01292 0.01522 Temperature(*C)
22 22 22 22 22
Graph:
Rate of reaction
Enzyme Concentration
6 October 2012
Enzyme Experiment
The Highlighted values on the result shows the anomalous result which I did not include while calculating my average in other to make my results more precise and accurate.
6 October 2012
Enzyme Experiment
Conclusion
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the relationship or effect of Enzyme concentration and rate of reaction. The rate of reaction at different enzyme concentration increased this support the hypothesis that rate of reaction increases as concentration of enzyme increases. These suggest that the relationship between Enzyme concentration and rate of reaction is directly proportional. The graph of rate of enzyme concentration and rate of reaction also support this hypothesis and relationship.
6 October 2012