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InternationalSourcing/integration. Facilitieslocation Standardisation d d of ff facilities l Contractmanufacturing. Strategicrole l of ff foreignplant. l Supplychainmanagement. Quality l standards. d d InternationalisationofR&D
1.INTERNATIONALSOURCING&VERTICAL INTEGRATION. Make k orBuy Iforgdecidestomakeallcomponentsinhouse itisalso l asvertical lintegration. Itcanbeforward/backward. Reasons/advantages d Controloncost,supply,quality,financial strength, h protectingproprietarytechnology. h l
Whenafi Wh firmdecides d id to t buy b anyservice i or processisreferredasoutsourcingstrategy. ExHousekeeping p ginany yco. Advantages/reasons Itallowsfirmtofocusoncorecompetencies. Createacompetitiveadvantagewhilereducing thecost. Minimise investmentinnonvalueadded functions. functions Possibilityfromgettingordersfromcountrries pp arelocated. wheresuppliers
Lookingatthebasiceconomiesof f outsourcing. Analysing l risk kassociated dwith hit. What&whatnottooutsource.Exwings Analysing l operational lrisk kassociated dwith hit. (dependency) Offsetting. ff
Countryfactors. Resourceavailability, f culture,infrastructure. Technological h l lfactors f single/ l multiple l l location. Product d factors f value l toweight, h needs d
Standardisationisused sedby b someco. co which hich offerscertainadvantages 1 Abilitytoshiftproduction&components 1.Ability acrosscountries. 2 Lessneedforproductionplanning&design 2. 3.simplicityincomparingdifferentplants. 4 Efficientinventorymgt. 4. mgt 5.expertiseinsettingnewproductionunits.
Asupplychainmayincludecustomers, retailers,distributors,manufacturers, suppliers l . Logistics fromsuppliertofirm&firmto customer.(distance, d regulatory l measures,transportmodes) Storagelocation l d decision Inventorydecisions Transportationdecisions d
Flowof suppliertofirm. fmaterialfrom f f Supplyofmaterialfromwithinunitsitself. 3basic b d differences ff b b/wd domestic& internationalMM 1.Distanceinvolve l inshipment. h 2.differenceintransportationmodes. 3.regulatory l context.
Qualityrefers f totheabilityof faproduct/service tomeetcustomerexpectations. TQMcustomersatisfaction, f employee l involvement,continuousimprovement. Settingbenchmarks. b h k Itisateamapproach, Decisionsbased b donfacts f notopinions. Qualitytools. Inclusion l of fsuppliers l inQM.
Organisedefforts directedtowards ff increasingscientificknowledgeand product/process d innovation. BasicresearchKnowledge Applied l dresearch hachieving h commercial l applications. Development l convertingapplied l dintonuseful f l commercialapplication.
Inhost h countrywith halocal l lpartner. GloballylocatingR&Dcentersandtheseare attached h dtoglobal l b lproduct d research hdivision d