Dental Exam Question Bank

Dental Exam Question Bank: According to your textbook, the germ layers (ie., ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) mature and differentiate into specific tissues and organ systems during this period of development.
Embryonic Period

List the cells that are derived from neural crest cells In lecture, a "cyst" was defined as:
Odontoblasts -> Dentin; Dental papillae -> Pulp; Dental Follicle -> PDL, Cementum, Alveolar Bone Proper A cavitated area in the body (empty or uid lled) lined with cells

The palatine shelves complete fusion during the ___ and ___ week.
10th and 12th

The thyroid gland invaginates at the ________

Foramen Cecum (Branchial Arch #1)

Which one of the cranial nerves gives special sensory (taste) functions in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Facial Nerve (CN VII)

The parathyroid glands are derived from the ectoderm lining which pharyngeal pouches?
3rd branchial pouch: inferior parathyroid; 4th branchial pouch: superior parathyroid

If cells that give rise to the thyroid gland fail to migrate from their site of origin, at which of the following anatomical sites would you least likely find the ectopic thyroid?
Neck (adjacent to sternocleidomastoid muscle)

The embryonic mesoderm cell layer is derived from the _______ layer.
Ectoderm (epiblast)

Implantation of the embryoblast into the uterine wall begins at day ____ following conception, and is completed by day ____ . Complete the following equation (pre-tooth bud stage of development): 1st Branchial Arch Epithelium + 2nd Branchial Arch Mesenchyme =
Tooth 4 and 10

What structures are the precursors of the vertebral column, ribs, associated back muscles and overlying dermis?
Somites

Extrusion (herniation) of neural tissue, plus a portion of the meninges, through the fetal cranium" is an accurate description of which neural tube defect?
Mesningomyelocele

Cleft lip results when there is a lack of fusion between the ________ and _________ processes
Median Nasal and Maxillary

A dilaceration is caused by a deviation in growth of which structure?

Hertwigs Epithelial Root Sheath

The posterior 1/3 of the tongue is derived from the _______ of the ______ pharyngeal arch.
Hypobranchial eminence (clump of cells) 3rd pharyngeal arch

According to the textbook (Berkovitz, et al), the hard palate ossifies intramembranously from ___ centers of ossification.
4 (secondary)

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Dental Exam Question Bank (page 2)

The anterior 2/3 of the tongue is derived from what pharyngeal arch/intermediate structure combination?
1st Pharyngeal Arch Lateral Lingual Swellings

At 3 months of fetal development, the head length relative to total trunk (i.e., thorax and abdomen) length is approximately ___%.
50%

Which cell layers combine to form the "enamel organ"?

Primative oral ectoderm -> enamel organ = outer dental epithelium, stellate reticulum,

The dental follicle differentiates into which adult structures? stratum intermedium, inner dental epithelium
Cementum, PDL, Alveolar Bone Proper

Embryologically, the "enamel organ" is derived from which germ layer?

Ectoderm

With respect to the tooth root, the epithelial diaphragm determines their _______
Number of roots

The stratum intermedium secretes _______, an enzyme required for enamel matrix mineralization
Alkaline Phosphatase

A patient presents with a "doubled" central incisor; however, when counting the teeth, the tooth count is less by one tooth when the "double tooth" is counted as one. What is the diagnosis?
Fusion

Nasmyth's membrane consists of which cell layers?

Outer Enamel Epithellium, Stellate Reticulum, Stratum Intermedium, Reduced Ameleoblasts

A __________ is the most common manifestation of a supernumerary tooth.

Mesodens

A(n) _________ is comprised of enamel and dentin arranged in a way that bears an anatomic resemblance to teeth
Compound Odontoma

A patient presents with a radiograph that shows the roots of multiple mandibular teeth joined together by cementum. What would your diagnosis be?
Concrescence

The Dentigerous cyst comprises ____% of all jaw cysts and is always associated with a/an _______.
20% Attachment to the CEJ

A developmental cyst occurring along the lateral aspect of the neck is most likely a __________.
Lateral Cervical Cyststernocleidomastoid Posterior

Most odontogenic keratocysts (OKC's) occur in the _____________ part of the mandible Upon biopsy, the lumen of an odontogenic keratocyst is characterized by the presence of ____________. The most common neoplastic lesion of the jaws, arising from odontogenic epithelium is the __________.
Ameloblastoma Keratin

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Dental Exam Question Bank (page 3)

Cranial nerve ___ is responsible for sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
CN IX

The cross striations characteristic of enamel rods represent __________.

A pattern of Incremental Growth

Where is gnarled enamel most frequently found? Amelogenin accounts for approximately ___% of the protein in enamel matrix.
90% Cusp Tips

The enamel spindle represents the vestige of a ______ within the mineralized matrix.
Odontoblastic Process

According to your text, hypomineralization is characterized by what features on the surface of a tooth?
Opaque coloration (chalky white)

Enamel perikymata are the surface manifestations of the ___________.

Stria of Retzius

The presence of a carbonated apatite core renders the hydroxyapatite crystal of enamel__________. The Tomes process of the ameloblasts is the part of the cell that contains ___________.
Secretory Granules More susceptible to acid dissociation

According to your text, the terminal web region in fully differentiated ameloblasts is comprised of ____________.
Tonobrils

Hydroxyapatite crystals of enamel are approximately ____ times wider and over ____ times greater in length than those of bone, dentin and cementum.
10 x 1000x

Fluoride may substitute for ____ ions, conferring greater stability and resistance to acidic dissolution.
OH

According to your text, hypoplasia of enamel is characterized by what features?

Pitted & Grooved

What is the fibrillar component of the mature dentin matrix?

Collagen

Histologically, the presence of _______ is used to distinguish the root dentin from the crown dentin.
Tomes Granular Layer

According to your text, when compared to intertubular dentin, how is peritubular dentin characterized?
Greater content of inorganic salts

During the transition from undifferentiated cell to mature odontoblast, what is the function of fibronectin?
Cell Polarity

What is contained in the odontoblastic matrix vesicle?

Alkaline Phosphatase, Annexin, Hydroxyapatite, Phospholipids, Phosphoproteins, Pyrophosphatase, Ca, PO4

(i.e. NOT Fibronectin)

What growth factors are secreted by the IEE during initiation of odontoblastic differentiation?
TBF, BMP, IGF, FGF -TGF = Transforming Growth Factor -BMP= Bone Morphogenic Protein -IGF= Insulin Growth Factor -FGF= Fiber Growth Factor

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Dental Exam Question Bank (page 4)

differentiation? What is the function of annexin V in odontoblastic matrix vesicles?

Mediates ow of Ca into the matrix vesicle

The theory most commonly accepted to explain why pain is elicited when dentin is mechanically stimulated is the _________ theory?
Brannstroms Hydrodynamic

In the dental pulp, macrophages and dendritic cells constitute ____% of the total cell population.
8%

It is thought that nonmyelinated nerve C fibers of the dental pulp are associated with this type of pain: _________.
Chronic = dull, diffuse

Most myelinated nerve fibers in the dental pulp are designated as ____ fibers.
A - delta

It is estimated that each nerve fiber contributes ____ branches to Raschkows plexus.
8

Where do the epithelial rests of Malassez originate from?

Odontogenic Ectoderm

The principal fiber group in the PDL that constitutes the main support of the tooth against masticatory forces is the __________.
Oblique

Which PDL fiber group does not exhibit a bony insertion?

Trannseptal

The biologic width is comprised of 1 mm of ______ epithelium and 1 mm of _______.

Junctional; Gingival Fiber Ligament

An aggressive benign tumor derived from odontogenic epithelium that exhibits a radiolucent, multilocular radiographic appearance could be_________.
Ameloblastoma

The lateral periodontal cyst is thought to have its origins in the __________.
Epithelial Rests of Malassez

An acute pulpal abscess is characterized by dense aggregations of what cell?

Neutrophils

When a developing carious lesion reaches the DEJ, this will often initiate the formation of what at the pulp interface of the dentin?
Reparative Dentin (Tertiary Dentin)

The cells responsible for physiologic maintenance of the cementum surface and alveolar bone proper are derived from undifferentiated cells located in the _________.
Interstitial spaces of the Periodontal Ligament

Cementicles are thought to be formed in response to _________ and ___________.

Chronic low-grade physical trauma

Nasmyths membranes is also known as the _________.

Primary Enamel Cuticle

According to your text, where are oxytalan fibers found? Oral cancer accounts for approximately ___% of all cancers.
3% Periodontal Ligament

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Dental Exam Question Bank (page 5)

The highest incidence of squamous cell carcinoma is found in which population?

Middle age African Americans

Short columnar/tall cuboidal epithelial cells are found in which ducts? What is the classification of the submandibular gland?
Mixed Striated

What is the terminal excretory duct of the submandibular gland? Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor that accounts for ___% of parotid salivary gland tumors.
53-77% Whartons Duct

According to your text, on the posterior slope of the TMJ articular eminence, the inner perpendicular collagen fibers are responsible for ________.
Resisting compression of mandibular condyle against the articular surface.

In the intimal layer of the TMJ, the macrophage-like cells are the ________.
Type A Cells

The Type B synovial cells of the synovial membrane secrete _________.

Hyaluronate

Which receptors are found in the TMJ area?

Name a non-collagenous protein associated with bone.

Rufni Corpuscles (proprioception); Pacinian Corpuscles (dynamic mechanoreception); Golgi Tendon Organs (Static mechanoreception); Free Nerve Endings (pain)
Osteonectin, Osteopontin, Osteocalcin, Sialoprotein, Phosphoprotein, Glyocoprotein, Proteoglycan, Bone Specic Protein, *Bone Morphogenetic Protein, Carboxyglutamic Acid Containing Protein

According to your text, which bone morphogenic proteins promotes bone formation? What compounds are found in bone matrix vesicles? A _______ is defined as a denuded area of bone that extends through the marginal bone creating a cleft-like defect.
Dehiscence Pyrophosphatase, Phosphoproteins, Glycoproteins, Alkaline Phosphatase, Phospholipids BMP

Multiple myeloma accounts for nearly ____% of all malignancies involving bone.
50%

According to your text, the intrinsic fibers of alveolar bone are oriented _____ to the bone surface; the extrinsic fibers of the PDL are oriented ______ to the bone surface.
Parallel, Perpendicular

Normally, at 4-5 years of age, the jaws will accommodate a total of _____ erupted and unerupted teeth.
48

What is the rate of eruption of teeth?

3mm/3months (not a constant rate)

The deciduous dentition has generally completed eruption by age _______.

3

Cleft lip results when there is a lack of fusion between the _______ and the ______ processes.
Median Nasal, Maxillary

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Dental Exam Question Bank (page 6)

Inflammatory periodontal disease is caused by a shift in microflora from Gram __ to Gram ___.
Posi%ve, Nega%ve

Complete the following equation with regard to the ecology of plaque: 1mm3 of plaque = 1mg = ________ bacteria. Titanium implants are coated with hydroxyapatite in order to _____________.
Increase the hold of the implants to the bone 1x108

Microgaps can exist in implants between which parts of the implant?

Smooth Collar and Prosethetic Abutment

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