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By Farhan Ahmad
farhanahmad@uet.edu.pk
Course Details
Subject Subject code Contact hours Credit hours Transport Phenomena Ch.E - 403 3 3
Evaluation procedure
Sessional Mid term Final term
2
Course Outline
Viscosity and the mechanism of momentum transport Velocity distributions in laminar flow The equations of change for isothermal systems Velocity distribution with more than one independent variable Thermal conductivity and mechanism of energy transport Temperature distribution in solids and in laminar flow The equations of change for non-isothermal systems Diffusivity and the mechanisms of mass transport Concentration distribution in solids and in laminar flow The equations of change for multi-component systems
Recommended Books
Text Book
Transport Phenomena 2nd Edition R. Byron Bird, Warren E. Stewart and Edwin N. Lightfoot
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Transport Phenomena Fundamentals, J. Plawsky, CRC Press, 2009. Transport Phenomena: A Unified Approach, R.S. Brodkey, H.C. Hershey, McGrawHill. Analysis of Transport Phenomena, W.M. Deen, Oxford Univ. Press, 1998. Slattery, J.C., Advanced Transport Phenomena, Cambridge University Press,1999. Modeling in Transport Phenomena - A Conceptual Approach , Ismail Tosun Transport Phenomena and Unit Operations - A combined approach, Richard G. Griskey Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles, Christie John Geankoplis Welty, J.R., Wicks, C.E., Wilson, R.E., Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1984. Momentum, heat and mass transfer fundamentals, David P. Kessler, Robert A. Greenkorn
Reference Books
10. Momentum Heat and Mass Transfer, C.O. Bennett, J.E. Myers 11. Incropera, Frank P., and David P. DeWitt. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. 5th ed. 12. J.R. Backhurst, J.H. Harker, J.M. Coulson and J.F. Richardson, Chemical Engineering Vol.1: Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer.
Transport Phenomena
2nd Edition / 1st Edition By R. Byron Bird, Warren E. Stewart and Edwin N. Lightfoot
Transport Phenomena
A Unified Approach
By
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By
Richard G. Griskey
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Chemical Engineering
Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer Volume 1 By J.R. Backhurst, J.H. Harker, J.M. Coulson and J.F. Richardson,
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Objective of this course: To provide an understanding of fundamental knowledge of heat, mass, and momentum transport phenomena. Illustrate how to solve the problems by using fundamental relations.
Transport Phenomena:
What
Why How
.. ???
.. ??? .. ???
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Levels
Macroscopic Microscopic Molecular
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Problems:
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Class 4
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Suggestions:
Always read the text with pencil and paper in hand; work through the
Basic Concepts
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Basic concepts
Conserved Quantities
Chemical species
Mass
Momentum Energy
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Basic concepts
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Basic concepts
Rate Equation
It describes the transformation of conserved quantity. Transformation of conserved quantity is based on specified unit of
time (Rate).
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Accumulation
Independent of the level of application Independent of the coordinate system to which they are applied Independent of the substance to which they are applied
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Balances
Control Volume Control surface
Types of Balances
Overall Balance Differential Balance
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1. 2.
3.
Accumulation term
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is well insulated as shown in Figure. The diameters at x = 0 and x = L are 25cm and 5cm, respectively. If the heat flow at x = 0 is 45W/m2 under steady conditions, determine the heat transfer rate and the value of the heat flux at x = L.
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and the energy generation rate per unit volume is 1 x l06 W/ m3. The steady-state heat transfer rate into the slab at the left-hand side, i.e., at x = 0, is 280W.
Calculate the heat transfer rate to the surroundings from the right-
hand side of the slab, i.e., at x = L. The surface area of each face is 40cm2.
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Modes of Transport
1. 2.
Total flux of any quantity is the sum of molecular and convective fluxes
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Molecular Transport
Molecular Transport is function of driving force/gradient Expressed in the form of constitutive equations Constitutive equations identify the characteristic of particular
substance
Transport property
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Convective Transport
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Chapter 1
Momentum Transport
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Matter
Solid Fluid
Liquid Gas
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Viscosity
Newton's Law of Viscosity Applications of Newtons Law
Kinematic Viscosity
Viscosity in Laminar flow Viscosity in Turbulent flow Viscosity of gases Viscosity of liquids
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o Time dependent
o Viscoelastic fluids
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Non-Newtonian Fluids
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Non-Newtonian Fluids
The functional dependence between the shear stress and the velocity gradient is more complex. We can write in the most general format:
Where, = Apparent Fluid Viscosity, a function of either yx / dvx/dy / both decreases with shear rate increases with shear rate independent of shear rate
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The Bingham Model The Ostwald-de Waele Model The Eyring Model The Ellis Model The Reiner-Philippoff Model
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These models are empirical, that is the parameters of the models are obtained by curve fitting
These model equations should not be used outside their range of validity.
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Turbulence Model
Baldwin-Lomax model
Cebeci-Smith model One equation model Spalart-Allmaras model Baldwin-Barth model Two equation model K-omega model K-epsilon model
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For mixtures:
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Example 1.3-1
Estimate the viscosity of
N2 at 50oC and 854 atm, given M = 28.0 g/g-mole, Pc = 33.5 atm, and Tc = 126.2 K.
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3 coordinate 3 components
Stress components = 9
Concept of tensor
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