5.

1 Spring/Mass System Equation:

d 2x
where:

k f (t ) + + x= 2 m dt m m dt
is a damping coefficient, m is a mass, k is spring constant f(t) is an external force.

dx

First Initial Condition for Spring/Mass System

d 2x

k f (t ) + + x= m dt 2 m dt m
x( 0 ) = 0

dx

If mass is released from the equilibrium position, then

If mass is released from a point below the equilibrium position, then x( 0 ) > 0 If mass is released from a point above the equilibrium position, then x( 0 ) < 0

Second Initial Condition for Spring/Mass System

d 2x

k f (t ) + + x= m dt 2 m dt m

dx

If mass is released from rest, then

x(0) = 0
If mass is released with a downward velocity, then

x(0) > 0
If mass is released with an upward velocity, then

x(0) < 0

Example 1: (S1, 2012/13) A force of 100 N stretches a spring 2 meters. A mass of 10 kg is attached to the end of the spring and is initially released from the equilibrium position with an upward velocity of 10 m/s, with no external forces involved. Find the equation of motion.

Example 1: (Solution) A force of 100 N stretches a spring 2 meters:

F = ks 100 = k (2) k = 50
mass of 10 kg m = 10 initially released from the equilibrium position with an upward velocity of 10 m/s: x(0) = 0, x(0) = -10 no external forces f(t) = 0 no damping forces = 0

Example 1: (Solution) Therefore the IVP for example 1 is:

d 2x d 2x
2

k f (t ) + + x= 2 m dt m m dt + 5x = 0 ;

dx

dt x(0) = 0, x( 0) = 10
(Homogeneous IVP)

Example 2: (S3, 2011/12) A 1-kg mass is attached to a spring whose constant is 16 N/m. The mass is released from its equilibrium position with an initial velocity of 1 m/s in the upward direction and an external force equal to f(t) = 65 sin t is applied to the system. Find the equation of motion if the surrounding medium offers a damping force numerically equal to 10 times the instantaneous velocity.

Example 2: (Solution) mass of 1 kg m = 1 Spring constant k = 16 released from its equilibrium position with an initial velocity of 1 m/s in the upward direction x(0) = 0, x(0) = -1 external forces f(t) = 65 sin t damping forces = 10

Example 1: (Solution) Therefore the IVP for example 2 is:

d 2x

k f (t ) + + x= 2 m dt m m dt

dx

dx + 10 + 16 x = 65 sin t ; 2 dt dt x(0) = 0, x(0) = 1

(non-homogeneous IVP)

d 2x

Example 3: (S1, 2011/12) When a mass of 2 kg is attached to a spring whose constant is 32 N/m, it comes to rest at a position of 1 meter below the equilibrium position. Starting at t = 0, a force equal to f(t) = 2 cos 4t is applied to the system. Find the equation of the motion in the absence of damping.