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2105.

3F3 Pilot LWD Deflection Method


Module 1: LWD Test Procedure
Office of Materials and Road Research Grading and Base Office
http://www.dot.state.mn.us/materials/gradingandbase.html

(Last Modified: 05/11/09)

Summary of Test Method


Type of plate bearing test Load = Force Pulse (falling weight) Vertical movement is measured (deflection) Record: Peak Deflection

LWD Measurement Volume


Each device provides an average measurement over a volume of soil.

Figure Courtesy of Mooney, et. al, Improving Quality Assurance of MSE Wall & Bridge Approach Earthwork Compaction, CDOTCDOT-20082008-11, Denver, Colorado, 2008.

LWD Configuration

Currently Support Zorn LWD 27 Statewide Configuration:


Drop Height: See Calibration Certificate/Plate

Falling Weight: 10 kg (22 lb)

Loading Plate Diameter: 200 mm (8 in)

Schematic Courtesy of Zorn

Video

Testing Constraints

Testing Time

Immediately after Compaction

Air Temperature = 36 to 120F Soil Frozen Deflection 0.2 mm

Site Selection and Preparation

Large Particles

< 25% (+1.5 in) Visual Inspection

Smooth and Level


Guide Rod Remain Vertical Prevent Load Plate Sliding

Site Selection and Preparation (Cont)

Most Yielding Area Test Area 1-ft Square Remove


Loose and Uneven Dried/Cracked (Crust)

Site Selection and Preparation (Cont)

Consistent Test Depths

Given Material/Soil Types

Site Selection and Preparation (Cont)


Material Type Granular Soils Granular Base / Stabilization Layer 0 to 6 in Compacted surface Compacted with Padfoot Roller: Bottom of deepest indentation of the padfoot penetration. Compacted with Smooth-Drum Roller: Compacted Surface LWD Test Depth1

Non-Granular Soils

Site Selection and Preparation (Cont)


REMINDERS:

Influence Depth 1 to 1.5 Plate Diameter Disturbance Effects


Deflection Measurements w/ Depth Test at Compacted Surface

Test Procedure
1.

Position Loading Plate Turn Load Plate LT/RT 45 Perform 6 Drops


2.

3.

Drops 1-3: Seating Drops 4-6: Test Measurement Cannot Re-Test at Same Location

Test Procedure (Cont.)

Load Pulse Procedure:


Raise Weight

Calibration Height

Snap Weight into Fix & Release Mechanism Adjust Guide Rod to Vertical Release Weight

Freely Falls

Catch Weight after Rebound Snap Weight into Fix & Release Mechanism

Ensure Guide Rod not Removed from Centering Ball Load Plate is not Displaced During Testing

Test Procedure (Cont.)


REMINDER: See Calibration Plate for Drop Height

Calibration Plate

Test Procedure (Cont.)


4.

Store deflection measurements on Smartcard Record Smartcard Number


1. 2.

5.

Seating Drops 1 3 Testing Drops 4 6

6.

Record Peak Deflections from drops 4-6.

Test Procedure (Cont.)


7.

Repeat Test at New Location (1-ft Longitudinally) when:


Miss Catch of Falling Weight Load Plate Slides

Test Procedure (Cont.)


8.

Moisture Content

3-9 inches below LWD Test Depth Surface Method: Burner Method (5-692.231) Speedy Method (5-692.232)

What if the falling weight is not caught after a rebound?

Continue the test procedure. Record test results with note missed test drop. Retest 1 ft longitudinally from original test location.

Safety

Back Injuries

Keep Back Straight Lift with Leg Muscles

Pinching

Hands/Extremities not Beneath


Lifted Falling Weight Loading Plate

Secure Falling Weight


Locked in Lower Position During Transport

Maintenance and Handling

Inspect Equipment

Rubber Bellow Tight Seal Jack Replacement

Cases NOT Water Tight Do not Place Guide Rod Directly on Soils Clean the Loading Device

Dry Cloth Do not Grease/Oil the Guide Rod

Maintenance and Handling (Cont.)

Regularly Check Drop Height

Slippage of Release Mechanism

Charge or Replace Battery

Charging Level < 50%

Calibration
Coordinate through the OMRR

Repeatability Testing

Submit Equipment to OMRR Completed:


Upon Receipt of New Purchase After Calibration by Test Institute Annually Measurements

Not Repeatable Questionable

TP- (05/12/09)

Deflection Method Form

PILOT 2008 DEFLECTION METHOD


ZORN LIGHT WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER
Grading & Base Manual 5-692.XXX
*Project No:
*Date Tester Initials or Certification No. *Test No. *Material Type Station (or X-Coordinate) Roadway Lane and Offset (or Y-Coordinate) Depth Below Grading Grade (or Z-Coordinate) *Gradation Test Number DCP or Sand Cone Test Number

Page No:

Moisture Determination
- Burner Method - 5-692.231
(A) Pan Id. (B) Wt. Wet Material + Pan (C) Wt. Dry Material + Pan (D) Wt Moisture (E) Wt Pan (F) Wt. Dry Material

B-C C-E

- Speedy Method - 5-692.232


(G) Dial Reading (H) Sample Size Factor (I) % Moisture Wet Wt.

GxH

Moisture Content 5-692.237


D/F 100 (Burner) I /[1-(I/100)] (Speedy) (K) Standard Optimum Moisture Content (%) *(J) % Moisture Dry Wt. (L) Relative Moisture (%) J/K 100

Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) Data


LWD Plate Diameter = 200 mm (8 in), Falling Mass = 10 kg (22 lb), Drop Height = See Calibration Certificate/Plate DROPS 1, 2, & 3 ARE PRELOADING SEATING DROPS (M) LWD Serial No. (O) LWD Target Value (mm or MN/m ) (P) LWD Test Depth
2

(N) Drop Height (mm) mm

(Q) Smart Card Number for Seating (Drops 1-3) (R) Smart Card Number for Test (Drops 4-6) (S) 4th drop (S1) (T) 5th drop (S2) *Deflection (U) 6th drop (S3) (V) Average (S) *Modulus (Evd) (W) Average (Evd) mm mm mm mm MN/m
2

Comments:

Deflection Method Form (Cont)


Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) Data
LWD Plate Diameter = 200 mm (8 in), Falling Mass = 10 kg (22 lb), Drop Height = See Calibration Certificate/Plate DROPS 1, 2, & 3 ARE PRELOADING SEATING DROPS (M) LWD Serial No. (O) LWD Target Value (mm or MN/m ) (P) LWD Test Depth
2

(N) Drop Height (mm) mm

(Q) Smart Card Number for Seating (Drops 1-3) (R) Smart Card Number for Test (Drops 4-6) (S) 4th drop (S1) (T) 5th drop (S2) *Deflection (U) 6th drop (S3) (V) Average (S) *Modulus (Evd) (W) Average (Evd) mm mm mm mm MN/m
2

Document Access
Forms, Test Procedure, Presentations & Video
http://www.dot.state.mn.us/materials/gradingandbase.html

Equipment Demonstration

LWD Demo Smart Card Download

Thank You

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