Future Advanced Mobile Universal Systems 4G- (FAMOUS 4G)

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
With the rapid development of communication networks, it is expected that fourth generation mobile systems will be launched within decades. Fourth generation (4G) mobile systems focus on seamlessly integrating the existing wireless technologies including GSM, wireless LAN, and Bluetooth. The future of mobile communication is FAMOUS-Future Advanced Mobile Universal Systems; 4G must be hastened, as some of the video applications cannot be contained within 3G. Finally, this report describes how 4G mobile communication can be used in any situation where an intelligent solution is required for interconnection of different clients to networked applications over heterogeneous wireless networks. This report gives the details about the need for mobile communication and its development in various generations. In addition, the details about the working of 4G mobile communication were given. The problem with 3G wireless systems is bandwidth, these systems provide only WAN coverage ranging from 144 kbps (for vehicle mobility applications) to 2 Mbps (for indoor static applications). Segue to 4G, the next dimension of wireless communication. The 4g wireless uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and smart antenna. Data rate of 20mbps is employed. Mobile speed will be up to 200km/hr. Frequency band is 2 8 GHz. it gives the ability for worldwide roaming to access cell anywhere. The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are projected to solve still-remaining problems of 3G (third generation) systems and to provide a wide variety of new services, from high-quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channels. The features of 4G systems might be summarized with one wordIntegration. The 4G systems are about seamlessly integrating terminals, networks, and applications to satisfy increasing user demands. The continuous expansion of mobile communication and wireless networks shows evidence of exceptional growth in the areas of mobile subscriber, wireless network access, mobile services, and applications.

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CHAPTER 2

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The radio telephone system contained one central antenna tower per region. The central antenna required radio phones to have a powerful transmitter, capable of transmitting up to 50 miles is OG. In 1G, Narrow band analogue wireless network is used, with this we can have the voice calls and can send text messages then in case of 2G Narrow Band Wireless Digital Network is used. Both the I G and 2G deals with voice calls and has to utilize the maximum bandwidth as well as a limited till sending messages i.e. SMS. But the greatest disadvantage as concerned to 1G is that with this we could contact with in the premises of that particular nation, where as in case of 2G the roaming facility a semi global facility is available. Then the point to be noted is that 3G gives clarity of voice as well can talk without any disturbance. Not only has these but also had entertainments such as Fast Communication, Internet, Mobile T.V, Video Conferencing, Video Calls, and Multi Media Messaging Service (MMS), 3D gaming, Multi-Gaming etc. are also available with 3G phones. Comparison of 3G Wireless Networks and 4G Wireless Networks: Generation I II (1G) (2G) Time Period 1980-1990 1990-2006 Definition ANALOG DIGITAL narrow band circuit data/packet data Digital broadband packet data Digital broad band packet very high throughput Characteristics Voice only Data along voice, MMS, web browsing. Universal access, portability, video calling HD streaming, portability increased to worldwide roaming. Speed 14.4 Kbps (peak) 56 Kbps to 115 Kbps 5.8 mbps to 14.4 Mbps 100 mbps to 1 Gbps

IV

(3G)

2006-2011

(4G)

Now(Upcoming)

Table 1: Comparison of l G to 4 G

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CHAPTER 3

VISION OF 4G
This new generation of wireless is intended to complement and replace the 3G systems, perhaps in 5 to 10 years. Accessing information anywhere, anytime, with a seamless connection to a wide range of information and services, and receiving a large volume of information, data, pictures, video, and so on, are the keys of the 4G infrastructures. The future 4G infrastructures will consist of a set of various networks using IP (Internet protocol) as a common protocol so that users are in control because they will be able to choose every application and environment. Based on the developing trends of mobile communication, 4G will have broader bandwidth, higher data rate, and smoother and quicker handoff and will focus on ensuring seamless service across a multitude of wireless systems and networks. The key concept is integrating the 4G capabilities with all of the existing mobile technologies through advanced technologies. Application adaptability and being highly dynamic are the main features of 4G services of interest to users. These features mean services can be delivered and be available to the personal preference of different users and support the users' traffic, air interfaces, radio environment, and quality of service. Connection with the network applications can be transferred into various forms and levels correctly and efficiently. The dominant methods of access to this pool of information will be the mobile telephone, PDA, and laptop to seamlessly access the voice communication, high-speed information services, and entertainment broadcast services. Figure 1 illustrates elements and techniques to support the adaptability of the 4G domain. The fourth generation will encompass all systems from various networks, public to private; operator-driven broadband networks to personal areas; and ad hoc networks. The 4G systems will interoperate with 2G and 3G systems, as well as with digital (broadband) broadcasting systems. In addition, 4G systems will be fully IP-based wireless Internet. This all-encompassing integrated perspective shows the broad range of systems that the fourth generation intends to integrate, from satellite broadband to high altitude platform to cellular 3G and 3G systems to WLL (wireless local loop) and FWA (fixed wireless access) to WLAN (wireless local area network) and PAN (personal area network),all with IP as the integrating mechanism. With 4G, a range of new services and models will be available. These services and models need to be further examined for their interface with the design of 4G systems. Figures 2 and 3 demonstrate the key elements and the seamless connectivity of the networks.

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Figure 3.1: 4G visions

Figure 3.2: seamless connections of networks

Figure 3.3: key elements of 4G visions

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CHAPTER 4

4G TECHNOLOGY
When talking about 4G, question comes to our mind is what is 4G Technology. 4G is short for Fourth (4th) Generation Technology. 4G Technology is basically the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and services offers in the 3G. But at this time nobody exactly knows the true 4G definition. 4G technology concerns. One of the main concerns about 4G is that due to high speed of the Frequency, it will experience severe interference from multipath secondary signals reflecting off other objects. To counter this problem, a number of solutions have been proposed, including use of a variable spreading factor and orthogonal frequency code-division multiplexing some people say that 4G technology is the future technologies that are mostly in their maturity period. WiMAX or mobile structural design will become progressively more translucent, and therefore the acceptance of several architectures by a particular network operator ever more common.

4.1 4G Possibilities
4G Technology offers high data rates that will generate new trends for the market and prospects for established as well as for new telecommunication businesses. After successful implementation,4G technologies is likely to enable ubiquitous computing, that will simultaneously connects to numerous high date speed networks offers faultless handoffs all over the geographical regions.

Figure 4.1: Growth Comparison for 3G and 4G

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Future Advanced Mobile Universal Systems 4G- (FAMOUS 4G) Enhanced Mobile Gaming-Experience enhanced wireless capabilities that deliver mobile gaming interaction with latency less than five milliseconds. Virtual Presence -Use hologram-generating virtual reality programs that provide an artificial presence just about anywhere.

4.2 4G Access Options

The communication industry is undergoing cost saving programs reflected by slowdown in the upgrade or overhaul of the infrastructure, while looking for new ways to provide services and features with the infrastructures like (World Interoperability for Microwave Access) -WiMAX. There are two main applications of Wi MAX: Fixed WiMAX (IEEE 802 .16) Fixed WiMAX applications are point-to-multipoint enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL for homes and businesses. Mobile WiMAX (IEEE8 02 .16) - Mobile WiMAX offers the full mobility of cellular networks at true broadband speeds.

4.3 WIMAX Adoption

Fixed WiMAX Adoption Fixed WiMAX provides greater benefits for developing countries that do not already have physical infrastructure to support wired broadband access.

Figure 4.2: Fixed WiMAX architecture Mobile

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Future Advanced Mobile Universal Systems 4G- (FAMOUS 4G) Mobile WiMAX Adoption

Mobile WiMAX equipment testing typically takes between 12 to 18 months before the equipment is introduced to the consumer market.

Figure 4.3: Mobile WiMAX Architecture

4.4 WiMAX VS Wi-Fi:

WiMAX and Wi-Fi are somewhat independent, addressing slightly different needs. WiMAX uses private, licensed spectrum and provides Wi-Fi-like service with guaranteed performance to larger public areas, similar in coverage to cellular networks today. Wi-Fi uses shared spectrum and operates at short distances, making it ideal for low-cost.

4.5 Architectural Changes in 4G Technologies

In 4G architecture, focus is on the aspect that multiple networks are able to function in such a way that interfaces are transparent to users and services. However 3G networks and few others, packet switching is employed for delay insensitive data transmission services. Wireless networks and with wire line networks. Emergence of a true IP over the air technology. Highly efficient use of wireless spectrum and resources. Flexible and adaptive systems and networks.

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Figure 4.4: 4G Network architecture

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CHAPTER 5

FEATURES OF 4G
5.1 Key Features of 4G Technologies & Terminal Mobility
Some key features (mainly from the users point of view) of 4G networks are High usability: anytime, anywhere, and with any technology. Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost and integrated services. Finally, 4G systems also provide facilities for integrated services. Users can use multiple services from any service provider at the same time. To migrate current systems to 4G to provide wireless services at anytime and anywhere, terminal mobility is a must in 4G infrastructures, terminal mobility allows mobile client to roam across boundaries of wireless networks. There are two main issues in terminal mobility: location management and handoff management. With the location management, the system tracks and locates a mobile terminal for possible connection. Location management involves handling all the information about the roaming terminals authentication information, and Quality of Service (QoS) capabilities. On the other hand, handoff management maintains ongoing communications when the terminal roams.Fig.5.1. shows an example of horizontal and vertical handoff. Horizontal handoff is performed when the terminal moves from one cell to another cell within the same wireless system. Vertical handoff, however, handles the terminal movement in two different wireless systems (e.g., from WLAN to GSM).

Figure 5.1: Vertical and Horizontal handoff of a mobile terminal.

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5.2 Main 4G Features

When It is still to estimate as to how many number of people have moved on from 2G to 3G , technology has come up with the latest of its type namely 4G.A successor of 2G and 3G, 4G promises a downloading speed of 100 Mbps and is yet to shower its wonders on. then with the case of Fourth Generation that is 4G in addition to that of the services of 3G some additional features such as Multi-Media Newspapers, also to watch T.V programs with the clarity as to that of an ordinary T.V. In addition, we can send Data much faster that that of the previous generations.

5.3 Authentication and Key Agreement

For Example, GSM provides highly secured voice communication among users. However, the exiting security schemes for wireless systems are inadequate for 4G networks. The key concern in security designs for 4G networks is flexibility. As the existing security schemes are mainly designed for specific services, such as voice service, they may not be applicable to 4G environments that will consist of many heterogeneous systems. Moreover, the key sizes and encryption and decryption algorithms of existing schemes are also fixed.

5.4 Companies that Make Available 4G Services In India:

It is the Reliance industry that has got 4G licence in the 22 circles of the country. It was possible due to its adoption of the company Infotel. Airtel has got licence in four circles, which include Kolkata. Other companies: BSNL (20 circles), Aircel (8circles), Tikona(5 circles), Qualcomm( 4 circles), MTNL( 2 circles), Auger( 1 circle). Even though Qualcomm has got licence, it hasn't got spectrum yet.

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CHAPTER 6

COMPARISON OF 3G AND 4G ARCHITECTURE

3G is currently the worlds best connection method when it comes to mobile phones, and especially mobile Internet. 3G stands for 3rd generation as it is just that in terms of the evolutionary path of the mobile phone industry. 4G means 4th generation. This is a set of standard that is being developed as a future successor of 3G in the very near future. Both the Figures below provide the key components of these two architectures.

Figure 6.1: 3G architecture

Several key differences in a LTE network enable more flexibility in its architecture than in a 3G. A functional representation of 3G network architecture is shown in Figure 1. In this network, the Base Terminal Station (BTS)/Node Bs aggregate the radio access network (RAN) traffic and transport it over a mobile backhaul network to the Radio Network Controllers (RNCs)/Base Station Controller (BSCs). Typically this transport is over T1/E1 copper facilities. If fibre is available at or near the cell site, then the cell traffic is transported over SDH/SONET rings or, more recently, a carrier Ethernet network when the eNodeBs are equipped with IP/Ethernet interfaces. The bearer traffic from a number of RNCs/BSCs is multiplexed at the Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO) and then transported via direct tunnelling to the Gateway GPRS Serving Nodes (GGSNs) in the hub data centre. This transport is normally over a SDH/SONET ring or a carrier Ethernet network. This tiered aggregation and transport structure lends itself to a point-to-point network topology to
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Future Advanced Mobile Universal Systems 4G- (FAMOUS 4G) minimize both the amount of aggregation equipment required and the transport backhaul expense. In a 3G pre-Release 8 network, the RNCs and SGSNs are designed to support both the signalling and bearer plane processing and bandwidth requirements. The emphasis in the design for these network elements is in providing the processing necessary to support the high subscriber counts and Packet Data Protocol PDP contexts as the bandwidth requirements for delivery of the initial 3G data services (text and e-mail) were not significant. Since the data services that typically ran over these systems is not real-time neither QoS or latency was an issue. Therefore, the placement of these elements is usually in locations that primarily meet the PDP context and network latency requirements. Thus, the current 3G packet core architecture is typically a centralized network design with the GGSNs deployed in major data centres, and all the data services are backhauled from the SGSNs which are strategically deployed in regional serving offices. Because the aggregate bandwidth for these services did not increase significantly until the past few years, the backhaul transport costs were manageable and could be supported with leased TDM or lower rate OC-n/STM-n interfaces.

Figure 6.2: 4G architecture

Above figure provides a high-level functional representation of a LTE/4G network. This network is composed of three major sub-networks: the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Networks (eUTRAN),which provides the air interface and local mobility management of the user equipment (UE), the evolved packet core (EPC), and the broadband backhaul network that provides the aggregation of cell traffic and transport back to the EPC. The 3GPP LTE standards defined the EPC as a set of logical data and control plane functions that can be implemented either as integrated or as separate network elements. The four EPC functions are: the Serving Gateway (SGW), the Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) that supports the data or bearer traffic; and the Mobility Management Entity (MME) and the Policy Charging and Rules Function (PCRF) which support the dynamic mobility management and policy control traffic. The backhaul network either is owned by the wireless operator or is leased from a third party backhaul access provider.
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CHAPTER 7

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES USED IN 4G

1. OFDM 2. Smart Antennas 3. Scheduling Among Users

7.1 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

OFDM, a form of multicarrier modulation, works by dividing the data stream for transmission at a bandwidth B into N multiple and parallel bit streams, spaced B/N apart (Figure ). Each of the parallel bit streams has a much lower bit rate than the original bit stream, but their summation can provide very high data rates. N orthogonal sub carriers modulate the parallel bit streams, which are then summed prior to transmission.

Figure 7.1: OFDM

An OFDM transmitter accepts data from an IP network, converting and encoding the data prior to modulation.An IFFT (inverse fast Fouriertransform) transforms the OFDM signal into an IF analog signal, which is sent to the RF transceiver. The receiver circuit reconstructs the data by reversing this process. With orthogonal subcarriers, the receiver can separate and process each subcarrier without interference from other subcarriers. More impervious to fading and multipath delays than other wireless transmission techniques, ODFM provides better link and communication quality.

7.1.1 Error Correcting:

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Future Advanced Mobile Universal Systems 4G- (FAMOUS 4G) 4Gs errorcorrection will most likely use some type of concatenated coding and will provide multiple Quality of Service (QoS) levels. Forward errorcorrection (FEC) coding adds redundancy to a transmitted message through encoding prior to transmission. The advantages of concatenated coding over convolutional coding are enhanced system performance through the combining of two or more constituent codes into one concatenated code. The combination can improve error correction or combine error correction with error detection For example: For implementing an Automatic Repeat Request if an error is found. FEC using concatenated coding allows a communications system to send larger block sizes while reducing biterror rates.

7.2 Smart Antennas

A smart antenna system consists of multiple antenna elements with signal processing to automatically optimize the antennas radiation (transmitter) and/or reception (receiver) patterns in response to the signal environment. One smartantenna variation in particular, MIMO, shows promise in 4G systems. MIMO (MultiInput MultiOutput) is a smart antenna system where smartness is considered at both transmitter and the receiver. MIMO represents spacedivision multiplexing (SDM)information signals are multiplexed on spatially separated N multiple antennas and received on M antennas. Figure shows a general block diagram of a MIMO system. Multiple antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver provide essentially multiple parallel channels that operate simultaneously on the same frequency band and at the same time. This results in high spectral efficiencies in a rich scattering environment (high multipath), since you can transmit multiple data streams or signals over the channel simultaneously.

Figure 7.2 : Smart antenna

7.3 Scheduling among Users

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Future Advanced Mobile Universal Systems 4G- (FAMOUS 4G) To optimize the system throughput, under specified QoS requirements and delay constraints, scheduling will be used on different levels:

7.3.1 among sectors:

In order to cope with cochannel interference among neighbouring sectors in adjacent cells, time slots are allocated according to the traffic load in each sector .Information on the traffic load is exchanged infrequently via an inquiry procedure. In this way the interference can be minimized and higher capacity be obtained. After an inquiry to adjacent cells, the involved base stations determine the allocation of slots to be used by each base station in each sector. The inquiry process can also include synchronization information to align the transmission of packets at different base stations to further enhance performance.

7.3.2 among users:

Based on the time slot allocation obtained from inquiry process, the user scheduler will distribute timefrequency regions among the users of each sector based on their current channel predictions. Here different degrees of sophistication can be used to achieve different transmission goals.

CHAPTER 8
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Future Advanced Mobile Universal Systems 4G- (FAMOUS 4G)

DESIGN SPECIFICATION
The 3G technology provides both circuit design and packet design. Circuit design, being the oldest, has greater ability to hold the connection for a longer duration. On the other hand the packet design is a wireless technology and is the core part of internet data transmission. The combination of these two patterns helps 3G technology to perform better and faster. However, the 4G technology is kept free from circuit design with an intention to gives nanosecond wings to data transfer and so has packet design only.

8.1 Data transmission rate (performance delivered)

3G system is based on wideband CDMA that operates in 5 MHz of bandwidth and can produce download data rates of typically 384 kb/s under normal conditions and up to 2 Mb/s in some instances.3g phone standards have been expanded and enhanced to further expand data speed and capacity. The WCDMA phones have added high speed packet access (HSPA) that use higher level QAM modulation to get speeds up to 21 or 42 Mb/s downlink (cell site to phone) and up to 7 and/or 14 Mb/s uplink (phone to cell site).whereas in 4G also known as LTE uses a completely different radio technology. Instead of CDMA, it uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and OFDM access. This modulation technique divides a channel usually 5, 10 or 20 MHz wide into smaller sub channels or subcarriers each 15 kHz wide. Each is modulated with part of the data. The fast data is divided into slower streams that modulate the subcarriers with one of several modulation schemes like QPSK or 16QAM. It also defines multiple input multiple output (MIMO) operation that uses several transmitter-receiver-antennas. The data stream is divided between the antennas to boost speed and to make the link more reliable. Using OFDM and MIMO lets LTE deliver data at a rate to 100 Mb/s downstream and 50 Mb/s upstream under the best conditions. In 4G the theoretical upper data rate is 1 Gb/s. That remains to be seen in practice.

8.2 Quality of service:

In 3G, network based QoS depends on following factor to provide a satisfactorily Service as: Throughput, Packet Loss Rate, Packet Loss Rate, reliability and delay. Where as in 4G With respect to network quality, many telecommunications providers are promising that there will be enhanced connectivity, and the quality of data that is transmitted across the network will be of the highest possible quality. The main challenge that 4G networks are facing is integrating non-IP-based and IP-based devices. It is known that devices that are not
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Future Advanced Mobile Universal Systems 4G- (FAMOUS 4G) IP address based are generally used for services such as VoIP. On the other hand, devices that are IP address based are used for data delivery. 4G networks will serve both types of devices.

8.3 Service and Billing:

3G networks those are capable of supporting an ever-increasing variety of data services from streaming video, to gaming, to proprietary business applications, to mobile commerce transactions for tangible goods and services. However, as 3G finally makes it into the mainstream, its success is inextricably linked to how the CSPs (Communications Service Providers) charge and bill for services in ways that are both intuitive and acceptable to the end user while also being relevant to the CSPs costs and billing capabilities where as in 4G managing user accounts and billing them has become much more complicated with 4G networks. This is mainly due to heterogeneity of 4G networks and the frequent interaction of service providers.

8.4 Features and capabilities:

3G has features with Speed of mobile communication in 3G ranges from 600-800 Kbit/sec. Also it provides high quality wireless sound and facilitates with global roaming. It accommodates distance surveillance and enables mobile TV whereas the ambitious goal of 4G is to allow everyone to access the Internet anytime and everywhere. The provided connection to Internet will allow users to access all type of services including text, databases, and multimedia. 4G will also provide higher bandwidth, data rate, lower authentication overhead, and will ensure the service is constantly provided to the user without any disruption.

Table 8.1: comparison between 3G and 4G.

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Table 8.2: comparison between 3G and 4G in detail.

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CHAPTER 9

APPLICATIONS OF 4G
9.1 4G Car
With the hype of 3G wireless in the rear view mirror, but the reality of truly mobile broadband data seemingly too far in the future to be visible yet on the information super highway, it may seem premature to offer a test drive 4G. But the good news is, 4G is finally coming to a showroom near you.

9.2 4G and public safety

There are sweeping changes taking place in transportation and intelligent highways, generally referred to as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). ITS is comprised of a number of technologies, including information processing, communications, control, and electronics. Using these technologies with our transportation systems, and allowing first responders access to them, will help prevent or certainly mitigate future disasters. Communications, and the cooperation and collaboration it affords, is a key element of any effective disaster response. Historically, this has been done with bulky handheld radios that provide only voice to a team in a common sector. And this architecture is still cellular, with a singular point of failure, because all transmissions to a given cell must pass through that one cell. If the cell tower is destroyed in the disaster, traditional wireless service is eliminated. 4G wireless eliminates this spokeandhub weakness of cellular architectures because the destruction of a single node does not disable the network. Instead of a user being dependent on a cell tower, that user can hop through other users in dynamic, self-roaming, selfhealing rings. This is reason enough to make this technology available to first responders. But there is more: mobility, streaming audio and video, highspeed Internet, realtime asset awareness, geolocation, and inbuilding rescue support. All this at speeds that rival cable modems and DSL. Combining 4G with ITS infrastructure makes both more robust. In 4G architectures, the network improves as the number of users increases. ITS offers the network lots of users, and therefore more robustness. Think of every light pole on a highway as a network element, a user that is acting as a router/repeater for first responders traveling on those highways. Think of every traffic light as a network element, ideally situated in the center of intersections

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Future Advanced Mobile Universal Systems 4G- (FAMOUS 4G) with a 360degree view of traffic. This is the power of the marriage between 4G networks and ITS

9.3 Sensors in public vehicle

Putting a chemical biological nuclear (CBN) warning sensor on every government owned vehicle instantly creates a mobile fleet. As these vehicles go about their daily duties of law enforcement, garbage collection, sewage and water maintenance, etc., municipalities get the added benefit of early detection of CBN agents. The sensors on the vehicles can talk to fixed devices mounted on light poles throughout the area, so positive detection can be reported in real time. And since 4G networks can include inherent geolocation without GPS, first responders will know where the vehicle is when it detects a CBN agent.

9.4 Cameras in traffic light

Some major cities have deployed cameras on traffic lights and send those images back to a central command centre. This is generally done using fiber, which limits where the cameras can be hung, i.e., no fibre, no camera. 4G networks allow cities to deploy cameras and backhaul them wirelessly. And instead of having to backhaul every camera, cities can backhaul every third or fifth or tenth camera, using the other cameras as router/repeaters. These cameras can also serve as fixed infrastructure devices to support the mobile sensor.

9.5 First responder route selection

Using fibre to backhaul cameras means that the intelligence collected flows one way: from the camera to the command centre. Using a 4G network, those images can also be sent from the command centre back out to the streets. Ambulances and fire trucks facing congestion can query various cameras to choose an alternate route. Police, stuck in traffic on major thoroughfares, can look ahead and make a decision as to whether it would be faster to stay on the main roads or exit to the side roads.

9.6 Traffic control during disasters 4G networks can allow officials to access traffic control boxes to change inland traffic lanes to green. Instead of having to send officers to every box on roads being overwhelmed by civilians who are evacuating, it can all be done remotely, and dynamically.
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CHAPTER 10

ADVANTAGES OF 4G SYSTEMS
1. The 4G systems will interoperate with 2G and 3G systems, as well as with digital (broadband) broadcasting systems. In addition, 4G systems will be fully IP-based wireless Internet. 2. 4G in principle will allow high-quality smooth video transmission. 3. In 3G only very short music clips can be downloaded. 4G is likely to enable the download of full length songs or music pieces which may change the market response dramatically. Music rights will be a major issue to solve. 4. 3G and 4G Mobile operators have demanded products that will offer PC capabilities in a PDA form factor. 5. Fourth-generation (4G) cellular services, intended to provide mobile data at rates of 100Mbits/sec or more.

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CHAPTER 11

CONCLUSION

The future of mobile communication is in FAMOUS-(Future Advanced Mobile Universal Systems). The data rates targeted are 20 MBPS. That will be the FOURTH GENERATION 4G in the mobile communication technology. 4G must be hastened, as some of the video applications cannot be contained within 3G.This report highlights that current systems must be implemented with a view of facilitate to seamless integration into 4G infrastructure. In order to cope with the heterogeneity of network services and standards, intelligence close to end system is required to map the user application requests onto network
services that are

currently available. This requirement for horizontal communication between

different access technologies has been regarded as a key element for 4G systems. Finally, this report describes how 4G mobile communication can be used in any situation where an intelligent solution is required for interconnection of different clients to networked applications over heterogeneous wireless networks.

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REFERENCES
[1] Arun Kumar, Suman and Renu, Comparisionof 3G Wireless Networks and 4G Wireless Networks, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering. ISSN 0974-2166 Volume 6, Number 1 (2013), pp. 1-8 [2] Prof. D. U. Adokar, Priti J. Rajput, Wireless Evolution with 4G Technologies, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 1, Issue 4, October 2012 [3] B.G. Evans and K. Baughan, "Visions of 4G," Electronics &Communication Engineering Journal, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 293-303, Dec.2000. [4] C. R. Casal, F. Schoute, and R. Prasald, "A novel concept for fourth generation mobile multimedia com munication," in 50th Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Sep. 1999, Vol. 1, pp. 381-385. [5] www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G [6] www.uscwc.com/4GReport

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