Key Formulas Time Dilation: Length Contraction: Relativistic Mass: Mass Energy Equivalence: Electron-Volts related to Joules: Energy

and Frequency: De Broglie Wavelength: t = t0/(1 v2/c2) l = l0((1 v2/c2)) m = m0/(1 v2/c2) E = mc2 1eV = 1.6*10-19 J E = hf

Questions Q1. A train at rest has a length of 100 m. At what speed must it approach a tunnel of length 80 m so that an observer at rest with respect to the tunnel will see the entire train is in the tunnel at one time? A) 1.25c B) 0.8c C) 0.64c D) 0.6c E) 0.36c Q2. A photon has 6.6*10-18 J of energy. Plancks constant, h, is 6.6*10-34 JA-s. The frequency of the photon is most nearly: A) 1*10-52 Hz B) 1*10-16 Hz C) 1 Hz D) 1*1016 Hz E) 1*1052 Hz Q3. What happens to a stream of alpha particles that is shot at a thin sheet of gold foil? A) All of the particles pass straight through B) A few of the particles bounce back at 180 degrees. C) All of the particles bounce back at 180 degrees. D) Most of the particles are absorbed by the foil E) None of the particles are deflected by more than 45 degrees.

Q4. According to Bohrs model of the atom, why do atoms emit or absorb radiation only at certain wavelengths? A) Because the protons and electrons are distributed evenly throughout the atom B) Because electrons can orbit the nucleus at any radius C) Because electrons orbit the nucleus only at certain discrete radii D) Because protons orbit the nucleus only at certain discrete radii E) Because photons can only have discrete wavelengths. Q5. Which of the following particles is most massive? A) A proton B) A neutron C) An electron D) A beta particle E) An alpha particle Q6. Which of the graphs plots the activity of a radioactive substance as a function of time?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Q7. Q6. Which of the graphs plots the half life of a radioactive substance as a function of time?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E) Q8. An atom with one electron has an ionization energy of 25eV. Ho much energy will be released when the electron makes the transition from an excited energy level, where E = -16eV, to the ground state? A) 9 eV B) 11 eV C) 16 eV D) 25 eV E) 41 eV Q9. The single electron in an atom has an energy of -40 eV when its in the ground state, and the first excited state for the electron is at -10 eV. What will happen to this electron if the atom is struck by a stream of photons, each of energy 15 eV? A) The electron will absorb the energy of one photon and become excited halfway to the first excited state, then quickly return to the ground state, without emitting a photon.

B) The electron will absorb the energy of one photon and become excited halfway to the first excited state, then quickly return to the ground state, emitting a 15 eV photon in the process. C) The electron will absorb the energy of one photon and become excited halfway to the first excited state, then quickly absorb the energy of another photon to reach the first excited state. D) The electron will absorb two photons and be excited to the first excited state E) Nothing will happen.