CMFB

Or Matching N and P MOS currents

ID

VGS

VDS

CMFB
What is the effect of mismatch between the PMOS current source and an NMOS current sink? Effect of mismatch between N and P MOS device currents
ID

VGS

VDS

Verr due to the transistor mismatches, in ID1 and ID2 , is given by: Vo=(Ip - In) ro = IRo

Amplifier Review single sided

Amplifier Review pseudo differential

Vin VinVin VDD VinVin+ Vin-

VB

VB

Amplifier Review differential

Vin VinVin VinVin+ Vin-

VB

VB

VB1

Vcmfb

VB1 VB1'

Vin-

Vin+ Vout+ Vout-

VB4' VB4

Common Source Amplifier & CMFB

Fully differential (FD) circuits REQUIRE common source (CS) amps and common-mode feedback (CMFB) for proper operation. Setting the DC value of the high gain (typically) output nodes. FD amplifiers typically consist of CS circuits configured as differential pairs. They model with similar properties of their single-sided counter parts plus CMR & CMRR. CS and CMFB amps are a key aspect of FD amplifiers.

Why CMFB?
For the case of a FD amplifier with current source loads implemented by PMOS transistors the common-mode level is ill defined.
Ill defined

Why CMFB?
Ill defined M3a M3b Common Mode Level

ITail

ITail

CM Qpts depend on how close IDM3a and IDM3b match BOTH each other and ITail/2. Why Mismatch ITail/2. is implemented by a NMOS source and M3a and M3b by a PMOS sink. Given that we are expecting delta I >gm Vos = (IDxKPxW/L) AVT/(WL) encompassing the bias generator and OTA. There is little hope of practical matching even excluding PVT temperatures. As a result either one of both if M3 or Mtail enter triode! WHY?

Why CMFB?
Ill defined M3a M3b Common Mode Level

ITail ITail The high impedance node DC Q points are difficult/impossible to set. Single-Ended & FF Op Amps and OTAs Amplifiers Small mismatches, temperature, process shift etc. VQ approach VDD or VSS, Tail transistor in triode or M3s in triode. Solution, negative feedback use in single ended circuits. CMFB circuits are singled ended CMFB feedback circuitry fixes the DC Qpt.

CMFB
Solution, negative feedback use in single ended circuits. CMFB circuits are singled ended CMFB feedback circuitry fixes the DC Qpt.

VCM_SET VCM_SET

ITail

ITail

ZI ZF

VB3

Common Mode Level

CMFB
I/0 characteristics of a FD Amplifier.
VODIF VCM_SET

VB3

Vocm
VIN+ - VIN-

Desired Common Mode Set Level or Qpt. Max Gain Max Signal range

CMFB
Vocm is set by adding negative (Correction Amp & Sense Ckt) feedback circuit to maximize gain & Signal swing of FD OTA. FD Amp Vo Basic Operation 1) Sensing the output CM level, Vocm = Vo+ + Vo= [ Vdiff+ + Vcmo] +[ Vdiff- + Vcmo ] = Vcmo 2) Comparison with a voltage reference i.e., Vcmo VCM_SET Feed back error correcting level to the amplifier bias circuitry. 3) System Check for stability across corners.

CM Level Sense Ckt

Correction Amp
VCM_SET

Conceptual CMFB Architecture Stability - CL PHASE MARGIN for (H1(s)H2(s)H3(s) < 70 Avol Application driven

CMFB
Vocm is set by adding negative (Correction Amp & Sense Ckt) feedback circuit to maximize gain & Signal swing of FD OTA. 1 2 Basic Operation 1) Sensing the output CM level, Vocm = Io+ + Io= [ Idiff+ + Icmo] +[ Idiff- + Icmo ] = Icmo 2) Comparison with a current reference i.e., Vcmo VCM_SET Feed back error correcting level to the amplifier bias circuitry. 3) System Check for stability across corners.

IREF Transconductance Approach

Conceptual CMFB Architecture Stability - CL PHASE MARGIN for (H1(s)H2(s)H3(s) < 70 Avol Application driven

CMFB
CM Sense Circuits.
Vcmo = a1vodif + a2vodif + a3vodif

a1 = 1 for All, a2 =

, a3 =
1 2

CMFB
Correction Amp Circuits

CM Level Sense Ckt Vo+

VREF

Vo-

Structure 1 plus 1
Vo+ Vo-

ADC gmn/(2gmp) gmn/(2gmp) gmn/(2gmp) gmn/gmp gmn/gmp

ACM ADM

THD % 0.05 0.22 <<0.05 0.06 0.015

1 plus 2 1 plus 3 2 3

VREF

CMFB -example

Diff Amp

Correction and CM Sense Amp

CMFB -example
VB1 Vcmfb VB1 VB1' VinVin+ VB1 As Required Identical Arch. Double Boosting NOT REQUIRED VB1' VinVout+ Vcmi = Vout- VB2p VB4 VB4' VB4 Iin Local Bias Generator VB1' VB2 VB3 VB4' VB4 Vin+ Vout+ VoutVout + VB4'

VB4

Diff Amp

Correction and CM Sense Amp