Process of Communication Introduction: The word communication is directly derived from a Latin verb (Commnicre, Commnict) which means

to share communicate or impart. This in turn comes from a Latin adjective commnis, meaning common or shared locally. Communication is the essence of human contact and learning. The nature of communication is dependent on contact between two or more persons and understanding is constructed through that contact. As human beings, we use communication to relate to others, socially connect, greet, call attention, share feelings, express an opinion, agree, disagree, explain, share information, question, answer, tease, bargain, negotiate, argue, manipulate, compliment, comment, protest, complain, describe, encourage, instruct, provide feedback, show humor, discuss interests, be polite, make friends, express interest or disinterest, etc. Definition: Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another. Types of Communication: Communication may be of different types depending upon the context in which the term communication is used. 1. Verbal Communication: When the sender conveys information, facts, and opinion either verbally or in writing to the receiver using different channels of communication, it is known as verbal communication. The sender should select appropriate words and language to communicate the message to the receiver. 2. Nonverbal Communication: Nonverbal communication takes place without the use of words. Nonverbal communication involves the unconscious mind acting out emotions related to the verbal content, the situation and the environment. The sender uses the body language, facial expression, hand movements, eye movements to convey the feelings, emotions, and other information to the receiver. This type of the communication can be useful when both the sender and the receiver do not have an understanding of a common language. This technique of communication is especially useful when you are dealing with a client who is deaf and dumb. Nonverbal communication may include: i. Verbal Signals. ii. Gestures. iii. Posture. iv. Physical Appearance. v. Position or posture. vi. Touch. vii. Facial expression. 3. Formal Communication: Formal communication is a type of communication which is used in the context of organization where a large group of employees work together to accomplish goals of organization. Formal communications usually take place in the form of written communication, which follows the lines of authority or scalar chain of command. 4. Informal Communication: Informal communication refers to the gossip or informal talks that take place among the various groups of people working in an organization that do not follow organizational line of authority or hierarchy.

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5. Meta Communication: Meta communication is an important and useful tool for the effective interpersonal interaction. It is used to communicate about your communication to help overcome barriers or resolve a problem. Process of Communication: The process of communication is a sequence of events in which a sender conveys a message to a recipient. The message can be verbal or nonverbal as long as the recipient is able to understand it. Following are the components and elements of communication process. Components of Communication Process: These are the main components of communication process. 1. Context: Context may be physical, psychological, social, historical or cultural. Every communication proceeds with background and is affected by the circumstance in which it takes place. The sender chooses the message to communicate within a background. 2. Sender: Encoder translates idea into verbal and non-verbal messages to decoder. Sender/Encoder is a person who sends the message. A sender makes use of symbols (words, graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and produce the required response. Sender may be an individual or a group or an organization. The views, background, approach, skills, competencies, and knowledge of the sender have a great impact on the message. The verbal and non verbal symbols chosen are essential in learning and understanding of the message by the recipient in the same terms as intended by the sender. 3. Message: Messages are the information that initiates communication. Message is a key idea that the sender wants to communicate. It is a sign that obtain the response of recipient. Communication process begins with deciding about the message to be conveyed. It must be ensured that the main objective of the message is clear. 4. Medium: Medium/Channel is the means for sending a message. Medium is a means used to exchange/transmit the message. The sender must choose an appropriate medium for transmitting the message as well the message might not be conveyed to the desired recipients. The choice of appropriate medium of communication is essential for making the message effective and correctly understands by the recipient. This choice of communication medium different depending upon the features of communication. For instance written medium is chosen when a message has to be conveyed to a small group of people, while an oral medium is chosen when spontaneous feedback is required from the recipient as misunderstandings are cleared then and there. 5. Recipient: Decoder tries to make sense out of the message and provides feedback. Recipient/Decoder is a person for whom the message is planned. The level to which the decoder understands the message is dependent upon various factors such as knowledge of recipient, their responsiveness to the message and the confidence of encoder on decoder. 6. Feedback: Feedback is the response to a message. Feedback is the main component of communication process as it permits the sender to analyze the efficacy of the message. It helps the sender in confirming the correct understanding of message by the decoder. Feedback may be verbal (through words) or non-verbal (in form of smiles, sighs, etc.). It may take written form also in form of memos, reports, etc.

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Elements of Communication Process: Following are the elements of process.

1. Source: The source of communication is the origin that puts the form into action. It is an individual or group that has a specific reason to begin the communication process. There is a message that they wish another to receive. 2. Encoder: Once the purpose of the source has been decided, there must be a specified format for the message to take. This is what the communication encoder does it takes the concept that the source wants sent out and puts it into a suitable format for later interpretation. 3. Message: The information, idea, or concept that is being communicated from one end of the model to the other is the message. Most of the time, in human communication, the message contains a different meaning. When the model was created, not concerned whether the message had substance but rather that it was being transmitted. 4. Channel: It is essential for meaningful communication that a suitable means to transmit the message be selected. The channel is the route that the message travels on be it verbal, written or electronic. 5. Decoder: Before the message reaches the intended recipient, it must be decoded or interpreted, from its original form into one that the receiver understands. This is essentially the same interaction as that of source and encoder only in a reversed sequence. 6. Receiver: In order for communication to be executed, there must be a second party at the end of the channel the source has used. The receiver takes in the message that the source has sent out. 7. Feedback: For meaningful communication to come to final result it is vital that the receiver provides feedback to the source. Feedback relates to the source whether their message has been received and most importantly if it has been interpreted accurately. Without feedback, the source would never know if the communication was successful. Ongoing communication is made possible by the repeated route feedback allows if more communication between the two parties is necessary they can follow the model indefinitely. Conclusion: At the end, understanding communication process is very critical to the managers of the organization. They should understand that communication is rarely understood as it should be. The alteration of the message can happen at any

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of the stages in communication process-sender, receiver, encoding, decoding, channel, message and feedback.

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