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Community-Based Dengue Vector Control

Presentation by Gerard Servais, Health Specialist 12 September 2013


Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper/presentation do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

Short Update on Dengue


By 5 September 2013 , 51,000 dengue cases in Cambodia and Lao PDR; 15,000 in Singapore; 96,000 in Philippines; 18,000 in Malaysia. Key determinants of dengue emergence determinants are (i) urbanization ; (ii) population mobility; (iii) climate change.

ADB-WPRO Intervention.
The ADB funded TA Regional Public Goods for Health: Combating Dengue in ASEAN has tested a community based vector control intervention in Lao PDR and Cambodia, in collaboration with World Health Organization Western Pacific Region.

Dengue Transmission and Mosquito Lifecycle


Dengue transmission Mosquito lifecycle

Mosquito Breeding Sites


Discarded trash (tires, bottles, plastic packaging, )

Mosquito Breeding Sites


Water containers

Pilot Intervention
Discarding or turning over unused containers. Disposing discarded trash.

Pilot Intervention
Introducing one or two fishes in every water container. The fish will eat the mosquito larvae and feed on other microorganism in the container.

Pilot Intervention
Raising awareness in the community, targeting on health workers, school children and teachers, womens organizations and religious groups.

Pilot Intervention
Identify ponds or tanks for guppy fish reproduction.

Methodology of the Study


Intervention sites: 50 villages in Cambodia and Lao PDR (population 57,000) Control sites: 17 villages (population: 22,000) Entomology survey in June 2010 before the start of the study, and 5 consequent data collection until September 2011.

Results: Percentage of water containers with at least one guppy fish


100 90 80 Percentage 70

60
50 40 30 20 10 0

Drum Cement tanks

Water jars

Result: Percentage of Water Containers with Mosquito Larvae


40 0 10 20 30 50

Container Index

June 2010

Sept 2010

Dec 2010
Intervention

Mar 2011

June 2011
Control

Sept 2011

Conclusions
Simple, sustainable, and communitybased methods contribute to the dengue vector control. Compared to other methods (insectides or larvicides), biological methods are cheaper and environment-friendly. It is easy to obtain community buy-in for the guppy fishes.

Conclusions
However, there no magic bullet and different methods must be used in parallel. Scaling up vector control measures is costly and requires follow up.

Special thank to all who contributed to the study:


The community of the intervention and control villages, Bounpone Sidavong, Dr. Bouasy Hongvanthong, Tienkgham Pongvongsa (Lao PDR), Char Meng Chour, Ngan Chantha, To Setha (Cambodia), Carol Beaver, Kevin Palmer, Perry Morrisson, Eva Christophel, John Ehrenberg, Chang Moh Seng, Joshua Nealon (WPRO) , Linda Loyd, Barbara Lochmann, Vincent de Wit, Patricia Moser (ADB)
http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2013/community-based-dengue-vectorcontrol.pdf

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