EE 461 - Homework Set #1

(Review)
1) (Calculus): A dynamic system satisfies the following differential equation:
d2y dt 2

+ 4 dt + 3y = 6u
dy

1a) Find the input (u) so that the output (y) is 0 t<0 y(t) = 2 t>0

solution: take the first and second derivative:

dy dt d2y dt 2

= 2(t) = 2 (t)

so
d2y dt 2

+ 4 dt + 3y = 6u
dy

(2 ) + 4(2) + 3(2u) = 6U U = (6u(t) + 8(t) + 2 (t))/6

1b) Find the input (u) so that the ouput (y) is 0 t<0 y(t) = 1 cos(t) 0 < t < 2 t> solution: take the derivatives:
dy dt

0 t<0 = sin(t) 0 < t < t> 0 0 t<0 = cos(t) 0 < t < t>0 0

d2y dt 2

now add them up to find U U=

1 6

0 t<0 3 cos(t) + 4 sin ( t ) + ( 1 cos ( t )) 0 < t< 6 6 1 t>0

1c) How does the amplitude of u(t) relate to how quickly y(t) goes to 2?

The faster you try to drive Y to 2, the larger U needs to be. This is an energy balance: the energy you're adding is constant. If you add the energy in a shorter time, you need more power (power * time = energy) 2) (Differential Equations): Find y(t) which satisfies the following differential equations:

2a) y' + 5y = 0

y(0) = 3

solution: LaPlace Transforms: (sY y(0)) + 5(Y) = 0 sY 3 + 5Y = 0 (s + 5)Y = 3

3 Y= s+5

so

y(t) = 3e 5t u(t)

2b) y'' + 3y' + 2y = 4

y(0) = 0, y'(0) = 0

Solution: LaPlace Transforms: (s 2 Y y (0) sy(0)) + 3(sY y(0)) + 2Y = (s 2 + 3s + 2)Y =

4 s 4 s

4 4 2 4 2 Y= s(s 2 +3s+2) = s(s+1)(s+2) = s + s+1 + s+2

so

y(t) = (2 4e t + 2e 2t )u(t)

3) (Signals & Systems) Find y(t) given the Laplace transform for Y(s)
2 3a) Y(s) = s+2

y(t) = (2e 2t )u(t)

6 3b) Y(s) = (s+1)(s+3) 3 3 Y= s+1 + s+3

y(t) = (3e t 3e 3t )u(t)

50(s+4) 3c) Y(s) = s(s+3+j4)(s+3j4) 8 5.15140.9 0 5.15140.9 0 Y= s + s+3+j4 + s+3j4

y(t) = (8 + 10.3e 3t cos(4t 140.9 0 )u(t)

4) (Circuits) Find the transfer function for the following circuits

a) C U C1 Y R U b) C2 c) Y R2 U R1

A
R1

Y
C1 R2

- U2a +
C2

4a) By voltage division:

R Y= 1 R+ sC U

RCs Y= 1+RCs U

4b) Write two voltage node equations: AU + A + AY = 0 1/sC 1 R 1 1/sC 2 YA + Y = 0 1/sC 2 R 2 Group terms 1 + sC 1 + sC 2 A (sC 2 )Y = (sC 1 )U R1
1 (sC 2 )A + R 2 + sC 2 Y = 0

Add to get A to drop out... (sC 2 ) 2 + 1 + sC 1 + sC 2 1 + sC 2 Y = s 2 C 1 C 2 U R1 R2 so... s2C1C2 Y = U 1 +sC +sC 1 +sC 1 2 R 2 (sC 2 ) 2 + R1 2 simplifying...

2 Y = 1 C 1 +Cs2 1 U s 2 + R1 C 1 + R2C 1 C 2 s+ R1R2 C 1 C 2

4c) Write two voltge node equations (assign Y = the voltage at + and - inputs)

AY AU + AY + 1 = 0 R1 R2 sC 1

Y YA 1 + R2 = 0 sC2 Group terms 1 + 1 + sC 1 A sC 1 + 1 Y = 1 U R2 R1 R2 R1

1 1 R 2 A + sC 2 + R 2 Y = 0

Add to get A to drop out... 1 + 1 + sC 1 sC 2 + 1 sC 1 + 1 1 Y = 1 U R2 R2 R2 R1 R2 R1R2 so...

1 R1 R2 Y = 1 1 U 1 1 1 R1 + R2 +sC 1 sC 2 + R2 sC 1 + R2 R2

Simplifying...
1 C1 C2 R1 R2 Y = C 1 (R1 +R2 ) 1 U s 2 + R1 R2 s+ C 1 C 2 R1 R2

5) (Circuits) Find R and C for the circuits of problem 4a to 4c so that the transfer function is...
10 RCs 5a) Y = s+10 U = 1+RCs U

i) No solution. The 's' in the numerator will not dissappear. s U '10s'. Then, match coefficients: s ii) Assume this was Y = 1 s+10 U = s+ RC
1 RC

= 10

Let C = 1uF, R = 100k s2C1C2 3 U = 5b) Y = U ( s + 1 )( s + 3 ) 2 1 1 (sC 2 ) + R 1 +sC 1 +sC 2 R 2 +sC 2 simplify to... s2 3 U = 2 1 C 1 +C 2 1 U s 2 +4s+3 s + R 1 C 1 + R 2 C 1 C 2 s+ R 1 R 2 C 1 C 2 i) No solution. The 's2' in the numerator won't go away. ii) Assume this was suppose to be 's2' in the numerator. Then, matching coefficients...
C 1 +C 2 1 4= R1C1 + R2C1C2 1 3= R1R2C1C2

This gives you 2 equations and 4 unknowns. Using MATLAB, one solution is... C1 = 1.9564uF, C2 = 0.3866uF, R1 = 375.3k, R2 = 1.1745M
1 R1 R2 10 U = 5c) Y = U 2 s +2s+10 1 + 1 +sC 1 sC 2 + 1 sC 1 + 1 1 R1 R2 R2 R2 R2

simplifying...
1 C1C2R1R2 10 U = 2 C 1 (R 1 +R 2 ) 1 U s 2 +2s+10 s + R 1 R 2 s+ C 1 C 2 R 1 R 2

matching coefficients...
C 1 (R 1 +R 2 ) 2= R1R2 1 10 = C1C2R1R2

This again gives 2 equations and 4 unknowns. One solution is... C1 = 0.3553uF, C2 = 1.1544uF, R1 = 1.1623M, R2 = 209.8k