2

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of two questions. Answer all questions.

2. Write your answers for Question 1 in the spaces provided in the question paper
3. Write your answers for Question 2 on the lined pages at the end of the question paper in detail. You
may use equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer.
4 Show your working, it may help you to get marks
5 If you wish to cancel any answer, neatly cross out the answer.
6 The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated.
7 Marks allocated for each question or part question are shown in brackets
8 The time suggested to complete Question 1 is 45 minutes and Question 2 is 45 minutes
9 You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator
10 Hand in this question paper at the end of the examination.

Marks awarded

Score Description
3 Excellent: The best response
2 Satisfactory: An average response
1 Weak: An inaccurate response
0 No response or wrong response

Answer all questions.

Question 1

1. An experiment is conducted to investigate the effect of environmental factors on the

colonisation of Mucor sp. (fungi) on bread. Three slices of bread are used. Each of
the slices is damped with water every day for 5 days and kept in different physical
conditions. After five days, the population coverage area of Mucor sp. on the bread
slices are observed as shown in Diagram 1.
A quadrat of 10 cm X 10 cm is used to estimate the coverage area of Mucor sp.
population. Grid lines are drawn to divide the quadrat into 100 small boxes. The
area of each box is 1 cm2. The coverage area of Mucor sp. population on the bread
is estimated as 1 cm2 when it covers more than half of the box.

[Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan faktor persekitaran terhadap pengkolonian
oleh Mucor sp. (fungi) di atas roti.. Tiga keping roti digunakan. Setiap roti di lembapkan dengan air
setiap hari selama 5 hari dan disimpan dalam keadaan fizikal yang berbeza. Selepas 5 hari keluasan
kawasan litupan Mucor sp diperhatikan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah . Satu kuadrat
10cmX10cm digunakan untuk menganggar luas kawasan litupan populasi Mucor sp. Garisan grid
dilukis untuk membahagikan kuadrat kepada 100 petak kecil. Luas setiap petak ialah 1cm2. Luas
litupan Mucor sp.di atas roti adalah dianggarkan 1cm2 bila meliputi lebih dari separuh petak.]
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[Scale: 1 box = 1 cm2 ]

2
[Skala: 1 petak = 1 cm ]

Place P – A well-lighted place on the

laboratory table
[Tempat P - atas meja makmal yang cukup cahaya ]

Number of boxes covered by Mucor sp

[Bilangan petak yang dilitupi oleh Mucor sp]

………………… boxes
[petak]

Place Q – in the refrigerator with temperature 5ºC

Tempat Q – di dalam peti sejuk bersuhu 5ºC]

Number of boxes covered by Mucor sp

[ Bilangan petak dilitupi oleh Mucor sp]

……………………… boxes
[petak]

Place R - A dark place in a cupboard

[Tempat R – tempat gelap dalam almari]

Number of boxes covered by Mucor sp

[ Bilangan petak dilitupi oleh Mucor sp]

……………………… boxes
[petak]

Diagram 1
[Rajah 1]
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Based on Diagram 1, answer the following questions

[Berdasarkan Rajah 1, jawab semua soalan berikut]

1(a)(i) State two observations on the area covered by the Mucor sp

[Nyatakan dua pemerhatian tentang kawasan yang dilitupi oleh Mucor sp]
Observation 1
[Pemerhatian 1]
……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

Observation 2
[Pemerhatian 2]
……………………………………………………………………………………….
1(a)(i)

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[3 marks]

(a)(ii) State one inference for each observation made in (a) (i).
[ Nyatakan satu inferen bagi setiap pemerhatian yang dibuat pada 1(a)(i)]

Inference for observation 1 [Inferen bagi pemerhatian 1]

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

Inference for observation 2 [Inferen bagi pemerhatian 2]

(a)(ii)
……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[3 marks]
(b)(i) Record the number of boxes covered by the Mucor sp on each bread in the space
provided in Diagram 1. (b)(i)
[Catatkan bilangan petak dilitupi oleh Mucor sp di atas setiap kepingan roti dalam ruang yang
disediakan dalam Rajah 1].
[3 marks]
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(b)(ii) Tabulate the result of the experiment based on the following criteria:
[Jadualkan keputusan eksperimen berdasarkan kriteria berikut]
• Physical condition of the bread
[keadaan fizikal roti ]
• Number of boxes
[bilangan petak]
• Coverage area
[luas litupan]
[3 marks]

(b)(ii)

(b)(iii) What is the relationship between the physical condition of the bread and the area
covered by Mucor sp. in this experiment?
[Apakah hubungan antara keadaan roti dengan luas litupan oleh Mucor sp dalam eksperimen ini?]

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………. (b)(iii)

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[3 marks]
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(c) State the variables in the experiment and explain how the variables are handled.
[Nyatakan pembolehubah dan cara mengendalikan pembolehubah]

Variables How the variables are handled

[Pembolehubah] [Bagaimana pembolehubah dikendalikan ]

Manipulated variable
[Pembolehubah diimanipulasi]

.....……………….…….… ……………………………………………………

……………………….…. ……………………………………………………

Responding variable
[Pembolehubah bergerakbalas]

……....…………………… ……………………………………………………

………………….………. ……………………………………………………
(c)
Fixed variable
[Pembolehubah dimalarkan]

……....…………………… …….…………………………………………..

……………………..……. …………………………………………………

[6 marks]
(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.
[Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini]

…………….…………………………………………………………………………. (d)

………………………………………………………………………….……………..

………………………………………………………………………….……………..
[3 marks]

(e) Based on the experiment, define colonisation operationally.

[Berdasarkan eksperimen, beri definisi pengkolonian secara operasi]

…………….…………………………………………………………………………. (e)
………………………………………………………………………….……………..

………………………………………………………………………….……………..
[3 marks]
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(f) The experiment is repeated by using milk instead of water to damp the bread.
Predict the area covered by Mucor sp. on the bread in Place R.
[Ekperimen ini diulang dengan menggunakan susu menggantikan air untuk melembapkan roti.
Ramalkan luas litupan Mucor sp di atas roti pada tempat R ]

…………….…………………………………………………………………………. (f)
………………………………………………………………………….……………..

………………………………………………………………………….……………..
[3 marks]
(g) Arrange the environmental factor of bread from the most favourable condition to
the least favourable condition for the growth of Mucor sp.
[Susun keadaan fizikal roti dari keadaan yang paling sesuai kepada yang tidak sesuai untuk
pertumbuhan Mucor sp.]

(g)

[3 marks]

[33 marks]
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2. Diagram 2 shows three types of fruits.

[Rajah 2 menunjukan tiga jenis buah-buahan]

Apple Orange Water melon

[Epal] [Oren] [Tembikai]

Diagram 2
[Rajah 2]

Plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the percentage of vitamin C content

in each fruit. DCPIP (dichlorophenolindophenol) 0.1% solution is used to test the
presence of vitamin C in the fruit juices.

You can use the common chemicals and science apparatus that can be found in
the laboratory. Your report should include:

[Rancang satu eksperimen dalam makmal untuk mengkaji peratusan kandungan vitamin C dalam
setiap buah. Larutan DCPIP 0.1% digunakan untuk menguji kehadiran vitamin C dalam jus buah.
Anda boleh menggunakan bahan kimia dan radas sains yang biasa digunakan dalam makmal
Laporan anda hendaklah mengandungi perkara-perkara berikut:]

• Problem statement [Peryataan masalah]

• Aim of experiment [Tujuan eksperimen]
• Variables [Pembolehubah]
• Hypothesis [Hipotesis]
• Apparatus and materials [Radas dan Bahan]
• Technique [Teknik]
• Procedures [Kaedah]
• How data is communicated [Bagaimana data dikomunikasikan]
• Conclusion [Kesimpulan]
[17 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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Untuk
Kegunaan
RUANG UNTUK JAWAPAN Pemeriksa

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Untuk
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RUANG UNTUK JAWAPAN Pemeriksa

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Schema

Paper 3 (4551/3)

1 (a) (i) [KB0601 - Observation]

Score Criteria
3 Able to state any two observations correctly according to 2 criteria:
• Environmental factor of the bread
• Area covered

Sample answers:
1. In the place P, well-lighted place (on the laboratory table) the boxes covered
is 19(20) boxes
2. In the place R, the dark place (bread in the cupboard) the boxes covered is
39(40) boxes
3. In the place Q, in the refrigerator at temperature 5ºC, the boxes covered is
3(4) boxes.
4. In the place R, the dark place (bread in the cupboard) the boxes covered is
more than in well-lighted place
5. In the place R, the dark place (bread in the cupboard) the boxes covered is
more than in the refrigerator.

2 Able to state any one observation correctly.

or
Able to state any two incomplete observations ( any 2 criteria)

Sample answers:
1. In the well lighted place on the laboratory table the area covered is less/
small .
2. In the dark place (bread in the cupboard) the area covered is more/ large .
3. In the refrigerator, the area covered is small/least .
4. Different environmental factor will cause different size of area covered.

1 Able to state any one idea of observation.(any 1criteria)

Sample answers:
1. Breads are place in different environmental factors.
2. The light effects the area covered.
3. Temperature affects the area covered.

Or any other suitable answer.

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

 13

1 (a) (ii) [KB0604 - Making inferences]

Score Criteria
3 Able to make one logical inference for each observation based on the criteria
• Condition of bread
• Favourable for Mucor sp growth

Sample answers:

1. Well lighted place is not suitable favourable for Mucor sp to grow

2. Darker place is condusive for Mucor sp to grow/ favourable/most
suitable
condition for growth.
3. Cool place is not condusive for Mucor sp to grow

2 Able to make one logical inference for any one observation.

or
Able to make one logical and incomplete inference base on one criteria for
each observation.

Sample answer:
1. Different condition will causes different growth rate of Mucor sp.
2. Well lighted place is suitable for Mucor sp to grow.
3. Darker place is the most suitable place.
4. Cool place is not suitable.
5. Temperature affect the Mucor sp growth rate.

1 Able to make an idea of inference with one criteria.

Sample answers
1. Mucor sp able to grow on bread
2. Mucor sp will grow in different condition
3. Mucor sp not grow in low temperature.
4. Light affect Mucor sp growth.

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(b)(i) [KB0606 – Communicating]

Score Criteria
3 Able to draw a table with all columns and rows labeled with complete unit
Sample answers

Environmental factor. Number of boxes Area covered

[cm2]
Place P/ In well lighted place
Place R/ In dark place
Place Q/ in refrigerator
 14

2 Able to draw a table with 2 label of column.

1 Able to draw a table with 1 label of column
0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(b)(ii) [KB0603 – Measuring Using Number]

Score Criteria
3 Able to calculate and record all the area covered by Mucor sp.
Sample answers
Environmental factor Number of boxes Area covered
[cm2]]
Place P/ In well lighted place 19 19
Place R/ In dark place 39 39
Place Q/ in refrigerator 3 3
2 Able to calculate and record 4 - 5 number of boxes and area covered
1 Able to calculate and record 2 - 3 number of boxes and area covered
0 Able to give one number of boxes and area covered response, no response or
wrong response.

(b) (iii) [KB0607 – Interpreting Data]

Score Criteria
3 Able to state clearly and accurately the relationship between the environmental
factor and size of area covered by Mucor sp. based on the criteria:
• Environmental factor
• Coverage area of Mucor sp.
• Suitable for growth

Sample answer:

1. In the dark place the Mucor sp. coverage area is the largest because
dark condition is the most suitable place to grow.
2. In the well-lighted area the Mucor sp. coverage is less because the well
lighted place is less suitable place to grow.
3. In the refrigerator, the coverage is small because cool condition is not
suitable for Mucor sp growth.

2 Able to state clearly but less accurate the relationship between the condition of
bread and size of area covered by Mucor sp.

Sample answer:

1. In the well-lighted area the Mucor sp. coverage is smaller/less than in

the dark area place.
2. In the well-lighted area the Mucor sp. coverage is small because the
well lighted condition is not a suitable place to grow
3. In the cool area the Mucor sp. coverage is smaller/less than in the dark
area.
 15

4. The larger size of the Mucor sp coverage show the more suitable
condition for Mucor sp to grow.

1 Able to state the idea of the relationship .

1. Coverage area depends on the condition of the bread
2. Different condition affect the Mucor sp. coverage on bread.
3. Temperature affect the growth of Mucor sp.
4. Mucor sp growth effected by bread condition.

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(c) [KB061001 – Controlling Variables]

Variables How the variables are operated

Manipulated:
Environmental factor Bread slices are placed in three different conditions/ in well-
lighted place, dark place and refrigerator.

Responding: Count the boxes and calculate the area coverage using the
Coverage area scale given/ 1cm2 each box.
Fixed: Using the same type of bread for all condition/
Type of bread/ time The observation is done after 5 days.
taken
[Each answer = 1 mark]

(d) [KB0611- Making Hypothesis]

Score Criteria
3 Able to state a hypothesis to show a relationship between the manipulated
variable and responding variable and the hypothesis can be validated, base on
3 criteria:
• manipulated variable
• responding variable
• relationship

Sample answer :
1. In the dark place, the area coverage by Mucor sp. Is the largest.
2. In well- lighted place, the area coverage by Mucor sp. is smaller than in
the dark place.
3. In the refrigerator/ low temperature, the area coverage by Mucor sp. is
the least.

2 Able to state less accurate hypothesis to show a relationship between

manipulated variable and responding variable base on 2 criteria.

Sample answer
1. Different place has different size of Mucor sp. area coverage
 16

2. Different condition has different coverage area of Mucor sp

3. Temperature/light affect the size of the area covered by Mucor sp.

1 Able to state idea of hypothesis to show a relationship between manipulated

variable and responding variable base on 1 criterion.

Sample answer
1. The area coverage is varied
2. Mucor sp can survive in different condition
3. Temperature affect the Mucor sp growth
4. Light affect the Mucor sp growth

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(e) [KB0609 ] [Define operationally]

Score Criteria
3 Able to explain the colonisation operationally base on 3 criteria:
• Mucor sp (pioneer organism)
• inhibit (successfully)
• bread (new habitat)

Sample answer:
1. Colonisation is the process of Mucor sp firstly/successfully inhabit/
populate the new bread.

2 Able to state the colonisation process base on 2 criteria.

Sample answer:
1. Colonisation is the process of Mucor sp inhabit/ live on the bread.
2. Colonisation is when the bread is inhabit successfully by organism.

1 Able to state the idea of the colonisation or the theoretical definition of

colonization or hypothesis.
1. Colonisation is the process of pioneer species successfully inhibit/
populate the new habitat.
2. Colonisation is the process inhibition of new bread.
3. The process where Mucor sp grow on bread.

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(g) [KB0605 – Predicting]

 17

Score Criteria
3 Able to predict the result accurately base on 3 criteria.
• Expected area coverage (more than place R)
• Compare to which
• The reason of the answer

Sample answer:
The coverage area is 40 /above 40 cm2 is more than area coverage in place R,
because milk contain sufficient nutrient for higher rate of Mucor sp growth. .

2 Able to predict the result less accurate base on 2 criteria

Sample answer:
1. The area coverage is more than in place R, because milk have nutrient for
Mucor sp to grow rapidly.
2. The area coverage is 40 cm2 more than in place R.
3. The area coverage is different, more than in place R because milk have nutrient
for Mucor sp to grow rapidly

1 Able to give idea of the result base on 1 criterion.

Area coverage is more/ is 40 cm2
The area coverage is more than R
Milk have more nutrient for Mucor sp to grow faster.
The area coverage is different from in the place R

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

(i) [KB0602 – Classifying]

Score Criteria
3 Able to classify the physical conditions of bread from the most favorable to
Mucor sp to the least favorable.
Sample answer

Condition
1 Place R
2 Place P
3 Place Q

2 Able to classify 2 conditions

1 Able to classify 1 condition

0 Not able to response or wrong response.
 18

QUESTION 2

Aspect Criteria Score

KB061201 Able to write a problem statement correctly base on 3 criteria:
• Manipulated variables 3
Identifying • Responding variables
Problem • Question relationship.
Statement
Sample Answer
1. What is the percentage of vitamin C content in
watermelon, orange and apple?/ fruits?
2. Does apple/orange/watermelon contain more vitamin C
than orange/watermelon/apple?
3. Which fruit has more percentage of vitamin C?

Able to write a problem statement but less correctly base on 2

criteria. 2

Able to give an idea about the problem statement base on 1

criteria. 1

Wrong or no response
0

Able to state the objective of the experiment correctly

Objective
Sample Answer
√
1. To determine the percentage of vitamin C in
watermelon, orange and apple/ given fruits.
2. To investigate the percentage of vitamin C in
watermelon,
orange and apple/ given fruits.

Aspect Criteria Score

Able to identify all the three variables correctly

Variables Sample Answer √
• Manipulated variable : type of fruit
• Responding variable : percentage of vitamin C
• Fixed variable : concentration of DCPIP / volume of
DCPIP
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Aspect Criteria Score

KB061202 Able to write a suitable hypothesis correctly base on the 3
criteria: 3
Making • Manipulated variable
hypothesis • Responding variable
• Relationship

Sample Answer
Watermelon has highest content of vitamin C compare to other
fruits.
Orange has the highest content of vitamin C.
Apple has the lowest content of vitamin C.

[note: wrong hypothesis is accepted]

Able to write a hypothesis but less correctly base on the 2

criteria. 2

Able to give an idea about the problem statement base on 1

criterion. 1

No response 0

Aspect Criteria Score

KB061205 Able to list all materials and apparatus needed to carry out the
experiment successfully. 3
Materials
and Sample Answer
Apparatus
Materials : DCPIP solution
(M) Standard Ascorbic Acid
Fruit juices / watermelon juice/orange
juice/apple
juice

Apparatus : Conical flask /beaker

(A) Syringe with needle
Specimen tube
All M and A
Materials : DCPIP solution
Standard Ascorbic Acid 2
Fruit juices

Apparatus : Syringe with needle

Specimen tube

All M and A without beaker/container

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Materials : DCPIP solution

Standard Ascorbic Acid 1
Fruit juices

Apparatus : Syringe with needle

All M and A without beaker/container and

specimen tube
Incomplete list or wrong or no response 0

Aspect Criteria Score

Able to state the technique used in carrying out the experiment
Technique correctly B1 = 1
Sample Answer

Calculate percentage of vitamin C content using formula :

Percentage of Vitamin C (M1) = M2 X V2

V1

M1 = concentration of fruit juice.

M2 = concentration of standard ascorbic acid.
V1 = the volume of fruit juice
V2 = the volume of standard ascorbic acid.

Aspect Criteria Score

KB061204 Able to write all the steps in carrying out the experiment
successfully.
Procedure

K1 : Steps to set up the apparatus

K2 : Steps to handle the fixed variable
K3 : Steps to handle the manipulated variable
K4 : Steps to handle the responding variable
K5 : Precautionary steps / steps taken to get accurate results
/
readings

Scoring Rubric
All K1-K5 present 3

Any 3 – 4K present 2

Any 2K present 1
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1K or wrong response 0

[√] is given for any 1K present.

Sample Answer

Procedure Notes
K1 1. Three specimen tubes is labeled as A1, A2 and A3.

K2 2. Filled each specimen tubes with 1 ml of 0.1% DCPIP

solution

K1 3 . Use a syringe to take 10 ml of standard ascorbic acid

K1 4 . Place the syringe needle into the DCPIP solution and

release
the ascorbic acid slowly into the DCPIP solution in A1

K4 5 Observe the change of DCPIP colour and stop releasing

the
ascorbic acid when the DCPIP become colourless/ no
more blue
traces

K4 6 Record the volume of ascorbic acid used to dicolourised

the
DCPIP.

K1/K5 7 Repeat step 3 – 6 for A2 and A3 and calculate the average

volume.

K1/K5 8 Juices from each of the fruits is obtained and keep it fresh
before
used

K1/K2 9 Three specimen tubes is labeled as (B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3,
D1, D2 and D3), and fill each specimen tubes with 1 ml of
0.1% DCPIP

K3 10 Repeat the step 2 – 7 by using fruit juices to replace the

standard ascorbic acid.

K5 11 Do not shake the bottle to prevent from DCPIP is oxidated.

K4 12 Record the volume of watermelon juice, apple juice and

orange juice that discolourised the DCPIP in the table and
calculate the average volume

K4 13 Calculate the percentage of vitamin C in each of the fruit 5K =3m

 22

juice using the formula below: 3-4K = 2 m

1-2K = 1 m

Percentage of vitamin C = volume of 0.1% ascorbic acid X 1.0mgcm-1

in fruit juice volume of fruit juice

Aspect Criteria Score

Communi- Able to draw a complete table to record the relevant data base B2 = 1
cating data on the 3 criteria:
• Type of juices
• Juice volume (cm3)
• Percentage of ascorbic acid in juices (%)

Sample Answer

Type of juices DCPIP Juice Percentage of

volume volume ascorbic acid in
(cm3) (cm3) juices (%)
Standard
Ascorbic
Acid

Apple juice

Orange juice

Watermelon
juice

Able to draw a complete table to record the relevant data with 2

criteria 2

Able to draw a table to record the relevant data but incomplete

with 1 criterion. 1

Wrong or no response
0
 23

Aspect Criteria Score

Able to write a suitable conclusion for the experiment:
Conclusion Sample Answer √
Watermelon has higher content of vitamin C compare to other
fruits or
Orange has the highest content of vitamin C or
Apple has the lowest content of vitamin C.

Hypothesis accepted // Hypothesis rejected only No tick

Aspect Criteria Score

KB061203 Able to write a complete report for the experiment.
Experimen- Scoring Rubric
ting 8 – 9 aspects correct
3
2
6 – 7 aspects correct
1
3 – 5 aspects correct
0
Less than 3 aspects correct