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Infecting Organism I. AEROBIC BACTERIA A. Gram Positive 1. Staphylococci a. Non-penicillinase b. Penicillinase producing 2. Streptococci a. Pyogenic groups A, B, C b. Viridans c. Enterococci (Group D) 3. Pseudomonas (Strep Pneumo) B. Gram-negative cocci 1. Neisseria catarralis 2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae C. Gram-negative bacilli 1. Escherichia coli 2. Enterobacter aerogenes 3. Klebsiella species 4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5. Proteus a. P. mirabilis b. other Proteus species 6. Serratia species 7. Salmonella typhi 8. Hemophilus species a. H influenzae b. H. ducreyi 9. Brucella species 10. Pasteurella species a. Francisella tularemia b. Yersinia pestis D. Gram-positive bacteria 1. Bacillus anthracis 2. Corynebacterium species 3. Diphtheroid species 4. Mycobacterium TB 5. Listeria monocytogenes Medication of Choice Alternative Medications
PRP Vancomycin PenG or Pen V Gentamicin Amoxicillin/Clavulanate or PCN Streptomicin Amoxicillin/Clavulanate or PCN Streptomicin Pen G or Vanco Rifampin Penicillin G Ceftriaxone or Cefixime or Cefpodoxime
Cephalo or FQ or TMP/SMX or APA or Imipenem/Cilastatin
Imipenem/Cilastatin or Meropenem or APP + APA Parenteral 3rd Gen Cephalosporin or FQ APP or Anti-pseudo Cephalo Ampicillin IV 3rd Gen Cephalo or FQ
IV 3rd Gen Cephalo or Imipenem/Cilastatin or Meropenem or FQ
FQ or Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone Azithromycin or Ceftriaxone Doxycycline Streptomycin or Gentamicin Streptomycin or Gentamicin Pen G or Cipro or Doxy Vancomycin Antitoxin + Erythromycin INH+Rifampin+Pyrazinamide Ampicillin
Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol Penicillin G + APA Benzyl Pen G, followed by PenVK Add Ethambutol + FQ + Amikacin TMP/SMX
II. ANAEROBIC BACTERIA A. Gram-positive cocci 1. Streptococcus species Penicillin G B. Gram-positive bacilli 1. Clostridium species a. C. perfringens Penicillin G Clindamycin b. C. novyi Penicillin G Clindamycin c. C. histolyticum Penicillin G Clindamycin d. C. septicum Penicillin G Clindamycin e. C. sordellii Penicillin G Clindamycin f. C. sporogenes Penicillin G Clindamycin g. C. tetani Metronidazole or Pen G C. Bacteroides species Metronidazole III. MISCELLANEOUS A. Nocardia species TMP/SMX or Sulfonamide B. Fusobacterium fusiforme Penicillin G C. Calymmatobacterium Doxycycline or TMP/SMX
granulomatis
Clindamycin
Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline Clindamycin, Trovafloxacin Minocycline, Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Clindamycin Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin
IV. ACID FAST BACILLI A. Mycobacterium species 1. M. tuberculosis 2. M. kansasii 3. M. avium intracellul complex 4. M. fortuitum 5. M. marinum (balnei) 6. M. leprae (leprosy) V. ACTINOMYCETES A. Actinomyces israelii B. Nocardia VI. CHLAMYDIA A. Chlamydia psittaci B. Chlamydia trachomatis 1. (trachoma) 2. (inclusion conjunctivitis) 3. (pneumonia) 4. (urethritis)
INH+Rifampin+Pyrazinamide INH+Rifampin+Ethambutol Clarithromycin + Ethambutol + Streptomycin + Clofazimine Surgical excision Clarithromycin Dapsone + Rifampin Ampicillin or Penicillin G
TMP/SMX or Sulfonamide (highdose)
INH+Pyridoxine+Ethambutol+Sulfamethoxazole
Doxycycline Minocycline
IV 3rd Gen Cephalo + Azithromycin
Azithromycin or Clarithromycin
Doxycycline or Azithromycin Azithromycin Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline C. Lymphogranuloma venereum Doxycycline VII. FUNGI Amphotericin B or Itraconazole A. Aspergillus B. Blastomyces dermatitidis Amphotericin B or Itraconazole Amphotericin B or Fluconazole C. Candida species Surgical excision, then Itraconazole D. Chromomycosis Amp B or Itraconazole Fluconazole E. Coccidioides immitis F. Cryptococcus neoformans Amp B or Fluconazole G. Dermatophytes (tinea) Erythromycin or Terbinifine or 1. Tinea infections
Itraconazole or Fluconazole
Fluconazole Increase dosages of 1st line agents Itraconazole Amp B + Flucytosine Clindamycin 2% topical
2. Tinea versicolor
Ketoconazole
H. Histoplasma capulatum 1. Minor infections 2. Severe infections I. Mucor J. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis K. Sporothrix schenckii VIII. MYCOPLASMA Mycoplasma pneumoniae
IX. RICKETTSIA
RMSF; endemic typhus (murine); tick bite fever; typhus; Q fever
Chloramphenicol
TMP/SMX or Dapsone
Doxycycline Penicillin G Benzathine Penicillin G Benzathine Penicillin G Acyclovir Acyclovir Zanamivir Interferon Alfa Ribaviran
Erythromycin, Penicillin G Doxycycline Doxy, Tetracycline, Ceftriaxone Tetracycline Famciclovir, Valacyclovir Famciclovir, Valacyclovir Rimantidine, Amantadine Lamivudine Interferon Alfa-2B
Abbreviations / Classifications: APA (Anti-pseudomonal Aminoglycoside) Amikacin, Gentamicin, Netilmicin, Tobramycin APP (Anti-pseudomonal Penicillins) Piperacillin, Mezlocillin, Ticarcillin, Pipercillin/Tazobactam, Ticarcillin/Clavulanate FQ (Fluoroquinolones) Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Trovafloxacin PRP (Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins) Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Methlocillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, 1st Gen Cephalosporins: IV: Cefazolin PO: Cefadroxil, Cephalexin 2nd Gen Cephalosporins: IV: Cefoxitin, Cefuroxime PO: Cefaclor, Cefprozil, Cefuroxime acetil, Loracarbef (carbacephem classified as cephalosporin) 3rd Gen Cephalosporins: IV: Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazadime, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone PO: Cefdinir, Cefixime, Cefpodoxime proxetil, Ceftibuten 4th Gen Cephalosporins: Cefepime SSKI: Super saturated Potassium Iodide solution TMP/SMX: Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole