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Antibiotics of Choice

Infecting Organism I. AEROBIC BACTERIA A. Gram Positive 1. Staphylococci a. Non-penicillinase b. Penicillinase producing 2. Streptococci a. Pyogenic groups A, B, C b. Viridans c. Enterococci (Group D) 3. Pseudomonas (Strep Pneumo) B. Gram-negative cocci 1. Neisseria catarralis 2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae C. Gram-negative bacilli 1. Escherichia coli 2. Enterobacter aerogenes 3. Klebsiella species 4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5. Proteus a. P. mirabilis b. other Proteus species 6. Serratia species 7. Salmonella typhi 8. Hemophilus species a. H influenzae b. H. ducreyi 9. Brucella species 10. Pasteurella species a. Francisella tularemia b. Yersinia pestis D. Gram-positive bacteria 1. Bacillus anthracis 2. Corynebacterium species 3. Diphtheroid species 4. Mycobacterium TB 5. Listeria monocytogenes Medication of Choice Alternative Medications

PRP Vancomycin PenG or Pen V Gentamicin Amoxicillin/Clavulanate or PCN Streptomicin Amoxicillin/Clavulanate or PCN Streptomicin Pen G or Vanco Rifampin Penicillin G Ceftriaxone or Cefixime or Cefpodoxime
Cephalo or FQ or TMP/SMX or APA or Imipenem/Cilastatin

Parenteral Cephaloporins, Vanco, Clinda TMP/SMX


B-Lactam (PCN, Cephalos), Erythromicin, Azithromycin

Clindamycin + Ciprofloxacin, TMP/SMX


Clindamycin + Ciprofloxacin, TMP/SMX

Amoxicillin Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime, Cefotaxime Oxfloxacin, other FQs

Cephalosporin, FQ, TMP/SMX, APA, Imipenem/Cilastatin

Imipenem/Cilastatin or Meropenem or APP + APA Parenteral 3rd Gen Cephalosporin or FQ APP or Anti-pseudo Cephalo Ampicillin IV 3rd Gen Cephalo or FQ
IV 3rd Gen Cephalo or Imipenem/Cilastatin or Meropenem or FQ

APA, Ticarcillin/Clavulanate, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Piperacillin/Tazobactam

TMP/SMX APA Aztreonam, Gentamicin Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, TMP/SMX, Azithromycin


TMP/SMX, Imipenem/Cilastatin, Meropenem, FQ

FQ or Ceftriaxone

Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone Azithromycin or Ceftriaxone Doxycycline Streptomycin or Gentamicin Streptomycin or Gentamicin Pen G or Cipro or Doxy Vancomycin Antitoxin + Erythromycin INH+Rifampin+Pyrazinamide Ampicillin

Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol Penicillin G + APA Benzyl Pen G, followed by PenVK Add Ethambutol + FQ + Amikacin TMP/SMX

II. ANAEROBIC BACTERIA A. Gram-positive cocci 1. Streptococcus species Penicillin G B. Gram-positive bacilli 1. Clostridium species a. C. perfringens Penicillin G Clindamycin b. C. novyi Penicillin G Clindamycin c. C. histolyticum Penicillin G Clindamycin d. C. septicum Penicillin G Clindamycin e. C. sordellii Penicillin G Clindamycin f. C. sporogenes Penicillin G Clindamycin g. C. tetani Metronidazole or Pen G C. Bacteroides species Metronidazole III. MISCELLANEOUS A. Nocardia species TMP/SMX or Sulfonamide B. Fusobacterium fusiforme Penicillin G C. Calymmatobacterium Doxycycline or TMP/SMX
granulomatis

Clindamycin

Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline Clindamycin, Trovafloxacin Minocycline, Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Clindamycin Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin

IV. ACID FAST BACILLI A. Mycobacterium species 1. M. tuberculosis 2. M. kansasii 3. M. avium intracellul complex 4. M. fortuitum 5. M. marinum (balnei) 6. M. leprae (leprosy) V. ACTINOMYCETES A. Actinomyces israelii B. Nocardia VI. CHLAMYDIA A. Chlamydia psittaci B. Chlamydia trachomatis 1. (trachoma) 2. (inclusion conjunctivitis) 3. (pneumonia) 4. (urethritis)

INH+Rifampin+Pyrazinamide INH+Rifampin+Ethambutol Clarithromycin + Ethambutol + Streptomycin + Clofazimine Surgical excision Clarithromycin Dapsone + Rifampin Ampicillin or Penicillin G
TMP/SMX or Sulfonamide (highdose)

INH+Pyridoxine+Ethambutol+Sulfamethoxazole

Clarithromycin + Rifabutin + Ethambutol Amikacin+Cefoxitin+Probenecid, followd by Doxy or TMP/SMX

Doxycycline Minocycline
IV 3rd Gen Cephalo + Azithromycin

Azithromycin or Clarithromycin

Doxycycline or Azithromycin Azithromycin Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline C. Lymphogranuloma venereum Doxycycline VII. FUNGI Amphotericin B or Itraconazole A. Aspergillus B. Blastomyces dermatitidis Amphotericin B or Itraconazole Amphotericin B or Fluconazole C. Candida species Surgical excision, then Itraconazole D. Chromomycosis Amp B or Itraconazole Fluconazole E. Coccidioides immitis F. Cryptococcus neoformans Amp B or Fluconazole G. Dermatophytes (tinea) Erythromycin or Terbinifine or 1. Tinea infections
Itraconazole or Fluconazole

Erythromycin, Ofloxacin Doxycycline, Tetracycline Erythromycin Erythromycin, FQ Azithromycin Erythromycin

Fluconazole Increase dosages of 1st line agents Itraconazole Amp B + Flucytosine Clindamycin 2% topical

2. Tinea versicolor

Ketoconazole

H. Histoplasma capulatum 1. Minor infections 2. Severe infections I. Mucor J. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis K. Sporothrix schenckii VIII. MYCOPLASMA Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Itraconazole Amphotericin B Amphotericin B Itraconazole or Ketoconazole Itraconazole

Amphotericin B, Sulfonamide Cutaneous: SSKI Extracutaneous: Amphotericin B Doxycycline

IX. RICKETTSIA
RMSF; endemic typhus (murine); tick bite fever; typhus; Q fever

Erythromycin or Azithromycin or Clarithromycin or FQ Doxycycline

Chloramphenicol

X. PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII XI. SPIROCHETES A. Borrelia recurrentis


(relapse fever)

TMP/SMX or Dapsone

Clinda + Primaquine, Pentamidine

Doxycycline Penicillin G Benzathine Penicillin G Benzathine Penicillin G Acyclovir Acyclovir Zanamivir Interferon Alfa Ribaviran

Erythromycin, Penicillin G Doxycycline Doxy, Tetracycline, Ceftriaxone Tetracycline Famciclovir, Valacyclovir Famciclovir, Valacyclovir Rimantidine, Amantadine Lamivudine Interferon Alfa-2B

B. Leptospira C. Treponema pallidum (syphilis)


D. Treponema pertenue (Yaws)

XII. VIRUSES A. Herpes simplex B. Herpes zoster C. Influenza A D. Hepatitis B E. Hepatitis C

Abbreviations / Classifications: APA (Anti-pseudomonal Aminoglycoside) Amikacin, Gentamicin, Netilmicin, Tobramycin APP (Anti-pseudomonal Penicillins) Piperacillin, Mezlocillin, Ticarcillin, Pipercillin/Tazobactam, Ticarcillin/Clavulanate FQ (Fluoroquinolones) Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Trovafloxacin PRP (Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins) Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Methlocillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, 1st Gen Cephalosporins: IV: Cefazolin PO: Cefadroxil, Cephalexin 2nd Gen Cephalosporins: IV: Cefoxitin, Cefuroxime PO: Cefaclor, Cefprozil, Cefuroxime acetil, Loracarbef (carbacephem classified as cephalosporin) 3rd Gen Cephalosporins: IV: Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazadime, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone PO: Cefdinir, Cefixime, Cefpodoxime proxetil, Ceftibuten 4th Gen Cephalosporins: Cefepime SSKI: Super saturated Potassium Iodide solution TMP/SMX: Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole

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