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Compressive Strength Relative compressive strength Tensile Strength Density Moisture content Static modulus of elasticity Dynamic modulus of elasticity and quality gradation of concrete Shrinkage/expansion Resistance to chloride penetration Air content; cement content; and aggregate properties ( scaling; alkali-silica reactivity; freeze/thaw susceptibility) Alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) Carbonation, pH Fire damage Freezing and thawing damage Chloride ion content Air permeability Electrical resistance of concrete Chemical Tests Cores for compression testing (ASTM C42 and C 39) Rebound number (ASTM C805); Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) (ASTM C597)/IS Splitting tensile strength of core (ASTM C 96) Specific gravity of samples (ASTM C 642) Moisture meters Compression test of cores (ASTM C 469) Resonant frequency testing of saved specimens (ASTM C 215) Length change of drilled or sawed specimens (ASTM C 341) Salt Ponding test (AASHTO T 259) Petrography examination of concrete samples removed from structure (ASTM C 856 and ASTM C 457); Cement content (ASTM C 1084) Electrical indication of concretes ability to resist chloride ion penetration (ASTMC 1202) Petrography examination of aggregates (ASTM C 294, C 295)
In-place pulloff test (ACI 503R; BS 1881:Part 207) Nuclear gage Nuclear gage Ultrasonic pulse velocity (ASTM C 597); impact-echo spectral analysis of Surface waves (SASW)
Cornell/SHRP rapid test (SHRP-C -315) Phenolphthalein (qualitative indication); pH meter Petrography; rebound n umber (ASTM C 805) Petrography Acid-soluble (ASTM C 1152) and water-soluble (ASTM C 1218) SHRP surface airflow method (SHRP-S-329) AC resistance using 4 probe resistance meter. Chloride content as per IS : 14959 (Part 2) - 2001 Sulphate Content as per relevant B.S. pH value as per relevant B.S., Carbonation Cover meter; Ground penetrating radar (GPR) (ASTM D 4748) Impact-echo(I-E); GPR (ASTM D 4748) Ultrasonic thickness gage (require direct contact with steel) Load test, deflection or strain measurements Half-cell potential (ASTM C 876) Linear polarization (SHRP-S-324 and S-330) Impact-echo; Infrared thermography (ASTM D 4788); Impulse-response; Radiography; GPR SHRP surface resistance test (SHRP-S-327) Other pH indicators (e.g., Impulse-response) SAWS; UPV; Impact echo; Impulse-response SASW; Impulse response Specific ion probe (SHRP-S-328)
Reinforcement location Concrete component thickness Steel area reduction Local or global strength and behavior Corrosion potentials Corrosion rate Location of delaminating, voids, and other hidden defects
X-ray and Y-ray radiography Intrusive probing Intrusive probing; radiography Acceleration, strain, and displacement measurements
Sounding (ASTM D 4580); pulse echo; SASW; intrusive drilling and bore scope
Property/Condition Primary
Bond strength Bond Quality (absence of voids at interface) Injection of cracks or voids Masonry
Methods Secondary
Impact-echo; SASW; Impulse-response SASW Pulloff test (ACI 503R), CAN/CSA A23.2-6B; BS 1881:part 207 Pulloff test (as above) Ultrasonic pulse velocity Impact-echo Water absorption Test (IS 1077: 1992) Salt attack resistance (Potential to effloresce) (ASTM C 67), Compressive Strength (IS 3495 :1992 part I, IS 1077 : 1992)
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST METHODS FOR DETERMINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL STRUCTURE Sl No.
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