Q#02:
Java versus C++: (a) General programming issues
Java
Method bodies must be defined inside the
class to
which they belong.
No forward referencing required.
No preprocessor.
No comma operator.
No variable-length parameter lists.
No optional method parameters.
No const reference parameters.
No goto
Labels on break and continue.
Command-line arguments do not include the
program name.
Main method cannot return a value.
No global variables.
Character escape sequences can appear in a
program.
Cannot mask identifiers through scope.
Java versus C++: (b) Object-oriented programming
Java
Pure object-oriented language.
All functions (methods) are part of a class. Can have stand-along functions.
No multiple inheritance.
Formal interface specifications.
No parameterized type.
C++
Method bodies must be defined inside the
class to
which they belong.
Explicit forward referencing required.
Heavy reliance on preprocessor.
Comma operator.
Variable-length parameter lists.
Optional function parameters.
const reference parameters.
goto
No labels on break and continue.
Command-line arguments do not include the
program name.
Main function can return a value.
Global variables.
Character escape sequences must appear in a
string
or character literal.
Can mask identifiers through scope.
C++
Hybrid between procedural and object-
oriented.
Multiple inheritance.
No formal interface specifications.
Templates as parameterized type.
No operator overloading. Operator overloading.
All methods (except final methods) are
dynamically Virtual functions are dynamically bound.
bound.

Java versus C++: (c) Special characteristics

Java C++
Specifically attuned to network and Web
No relationship to networks or the Web.
processing.
Automatic garbage collection. No automatic garbage collection.
Combination of compiled and interpreted. Compiled.
Slower execution when interpreted. Fast execution.
Architecture neutral. Architecture specific.
Supports multithreading. No multithreading.
Automatic generation of documentation in HTML No automatic documentation
format. generation.

Java versus C++: (d) Primitive types

Java
Two type categories.
All nonprimitive types are objects.
All numeric types are signed.
All primitive types are a fixed size for all
platforms.
16-bit Unicode characters.
Boolean data type primitive.
Conditions must be boolean expressions.
Variables are automatically initialized.
C++
Various type categories.
Separate types for structs, unions, enums, and
arrays.
Signed and unsigned numeric types.
Primitive type size varies by platform.
8-bit ASCII characters.
No explicit boolean data type.
Integer results are interpreted as boolean
conditions.
No automatic initialization of variables.

Java versus C++: (e) Pointers and data structures

Java C++
References, with no explicit pointer Pointers, with dereferencing (* or ->) and
manipulation address (&)
and no pointer arithmetic. operators.
Array references are not translated to pointer Array references translate to pointer
arithmetic. arithmetic.
Arrays automatically check index limits. No automatically array bounds checking.
Array lengths in multidimensional arrays can Array lengths in multidimensional arrays are
vary all the
from one element to the next within one same size in a give dimension, fixed by the
dimension. declaration.
Strings are objects. Strings are null-terminated character arrays.
String concatenation through a library
Built-in string concatenation operator(+).
function.
Use string concatenation operator for long Use line continuation (\) for long string
string literals. literals.
No typedef. typedef to define types.

----------------Best of Luck------------------------------