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Thank you for your purchase of Skystream. You have just selected the most technologically advanced, cost-effective renewable energy appliance available
for a home or small business. We congratulate you on your choice and are confident you will experience years of dependable service.
Before going any further, please complete and return the enclosed Warranty Registration Card. The conditions of your warranty are dependent
upon the proper installation of Skystream. Furthermore, this will assure you of being kept up-to-date with the latest developments from Southwest
Windpower. These include new options, performance tips, updated software to maximize output and user notices. It is important to know that we do not
sell or distribute your information to any third party. We understand your privacy is important.
If you have any questions or comments, we would like to hear from you. Please call during working hours (Monday-Friday 8:00 am to 5:00 pm - Mountain
Time Zone - Daylight Savings not observed). Our phone number is 928-779-9463, toll free 866-807-9463.
Again, welcome to our family and thank you for investing in the future of wind energy with Skystream.
Sincerely,
Southwest Windpower
Hardware Warranty west Windpower will be under no obligation to accept any returned wind generator that
Southwest Windpower, Inc., (“Southwest Windpower”) will repair or replace free of does not have a valid RA number. Customer’s failure to return the wind generator within
charge any part or parts of the Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7® wind generator 30 days of its receipt of a RA number may result in cancellation of the RA. All parts
determined by Southwest Windpower to be defective in materials and/or workmanship that Southwest Windpower replaces shall become Southwest Windpower’s property
under normal authorized use consistent with product instructions for a period of five on the date Southwest Windpower ships the repaired wind generator or part back to
years from the date the original purchaser (“Customer”) receives the wind generator the Customer. Southwest Windpower will use all reasonable efforts within five days
(“Start Date”). This warranty extends only to the original purchaser. The Customer’s of receipt of the defective wind generator to repair or replace such wind generator. If
sole and exclusive remedy and the entire liability of Southwest Windpower, its suppli- a warranty claim is invalid for any reason, the Customer will be charged at Southwest
ers and affiliates under the warranty is, at Southwest Windpower’s option, either (i) to Windpower’s current rates for services performed and will be charged for all necessary
replace the wind generator with new or reconditioned wind generator, (ii) to correct the repairs and expenses incurred by Southwest Windpower.
reported problem, or (iii) to refund the purchase price of the wind generator. Repaired
or replaced products are warranted for the remainder of the original warranty period. Disclaimer
Except for the expressed warranty set forth above, Southwest
Restrictions Windpower disclaims all other expressed and implied warran-
Problems with the wind generator products can be due to improper use, maintenance, ties, including the implied warranties of fitness for a particular
non-Southwest Windpower additions or modifications or other problems not due to purpose, merchantability and non-infringement. No other war-
defects in Southwest Windpower’s workmanship or materials. No warranty will apply ranty, expressed or implied, whether or not similar in nature to
if the wind generator (i) has been altered or modified except by Southwest Wind- any other warranty provided herein, shall exist with respect to
power, (ii) has not been installed, operated, repaired, or maintained in accordance with the product sold under the provisions of these terms and con-
instructions supplied by Southwest Windpower (iii), or (iv) has been exposed to winds ditions. Southwest Windpower expressly disclaims all liability
exceeding 140 mph (63 m/s), or has been subjected to abnormal physical, thermal for bodily injuries or death that may occur, directly or indirect-
or electrical stress, misuse, negligence, or accident. If Southwest Windpower’s repair
ly, by use of the product by any person. All other warranties are
facility determines that the problem with the wind generator is not due to a defect in
expressly waived by the customer.
Southwest Windpower’s workmanship or materials, then the party requesting warranty
service will be responsible for the costs of all necessary repairs and expenses incurred
by Southwest Windpower. Limitation of Liability
Under no circumstances will Southwest Windpower or its affili-
Warranty Claims & Return Procedures ates or suppliers be liable or responsible for any loss of use,
In order to be eligible for service under this warranty the Customer MUST return the interruption of business, lost profits, lost data, or indirect, spe-
warranty registration card included with this Warranty Agreement within 60 days of pur- cial, incidental, or consequential damages, of any kind regard-
chasing the wind generator. Additionally, the Customer must submit a service request less of the form of action, whether in contract, tort (including
for the wind generator covered by this warranty within the warranty period by contact- negligence), strict liability or otherwise, resulting from the de-
ing Southwest Windpower in writing or via telephone and obtaining a Return Authoriza- fect, repair, replacement, shipment or otherwise, even if South-
tion (“RA”) number. This RA must be obtained before returning any product under this west Windpower or its affiliate or supplier has been advised
warranty. Notification must include a description of the alleged defect, the manner in of the possibility of such damage. (Note: some states and provinces do
which the wind generator was used, the serial number, and the original purchase date not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so these
in addition to the name, address, and telephone number of the party requesting war- limitations may not apply to you.) Neither Southwest Windpower nor its affiliates or sup-
ranty service. Within 3 business days of the date of notification, Southwest Windpower pliers will be held liable or responsible for any damage or loss to any items or products
will provide the Customer with a RA number and the location to which the Customer connected to, powered by or otherwise attached to the Hardware. The total cumulative
must return the defective wind generator. Any wind generator requiring warranty repair liability to Customer, from all causes of action and all theories of liability, will be limited
shall be transported at the expense and risk of the party requiring warranty service, to and will not exceed the purchase price of the product paid by Customer. This War-
including but not limited to proper packaging of the product. The Customer must return ranty gives the Customer specific legal rights and the Customer may also have other
the entire wind generator kit within 30 days after issuance of the RA number. South- legal rights that vary from state to state or province to province.
3-CMLT-1063
Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, Rev J 7
Skystream 3.7® Technical Specifications
64 cm
CG
Model Skystream 3.7 Antenna
Rated Capacity 2400 Watts Hatch Cover
Rotor Shaft
Weight 170 lbs. / 77 kg
Configuration
Voltage Fast Stop, minimum 60.0 115.0 115.0 195.5 184.0 Volts
Voltage Fast Stop, maximum 144.0 276.0 277.0 264.5 276.0 Volts
Minimum Start Time after fault 300.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 Seconds
Configuration: -01 = USA -04 = UK -06 = Italy -07 = France -09 = Germany
Note: Loads do not include safety factor. Southwest Windpower recommends minimum safety factor of 1.5
Skystream 3.7 complies with the relivant grid connetion requirements taken from
the following European Grid Codes:
• Verband der Electrizitätswirtschaft – VDEW –e.V. “Eigenerzeugungsanlagen am
Niederspannungsnetz” (generation units at low voltage level), 4th Edition,
2001, Germany
• ENA Energy Networks Association “Engineering Recommendation G83/1
– Recommendations for the connection of small-scale embedded generators
(up to 16 A per phase) in parallel with the public low voltage distribution net
works”’ September 2003
• EDF Référentiel Technique “Modele de Contrat de raccordment, d’accés et
d’exploitation pour une installation de production de puissant ≤ 36 kVA rac
cordée au Réseau Public de Distribution basse tension Conditions Générales”
/ Standard Form Agreement for the Connection, Access and Operation of
Power Generating Stations ≤ 36 kVA Connected to the Public Low Voltage Dis
tribution Network General Terms and Conditions”, Referentiel technique – NOP-
RES_55E, Vesion V6, 2006, France.
• DIN V VDE V 0126-1-1 (VDE V 0126-1-1) “Automatic disconnection device
between a generator and the public low voltage grid”, February 2006 Germany.
• Italian Standard CEI 11-20 “Electrical energy production systems and uninter
ruptible power systems connected to LV and MV networks”
• ÖVE/ÖNORM prEN 50438 “ Requirements for the connection of micro-co
generators in parallel with public low-voltage distribution system”, 01.10.2004
Utilizing Skystream 3.7 for other than its intended purposes or with
inappropriate equipment or modifying Skystream is not authorized by
Southwest Windpower and will void the warranty and may result in serious
or even fatal injury. Observe the following precautions.
Miscellaneous
• RF antenna (quantity 1)
Optional
kilowatt-hour
meter
G N L2 L1
G N L2 L1
N
N White
L1 L1
Black
L2
L2 Red
G Gnd
Bare or green
Disconnect
switch 2-pole
30A, 250VAC
Tower ground
system Aluminium wires may be used for home/utility
connection if transition is made in junction box.
14 AWG wire must be copper only.
Use only copper wire at the generator terminals Note: Refer to Appendix A for detailed wiring drawings
The best location to install a wind turbine is often a compromise. Local Building codes and installation regulations may vary greatly depending
building restrictions, the height of surrounding structures, wire length, and upon country, state, city and local townships. Be sure to obtain all the
available open space may require Skystream be installed in a less than required building permits BEFORE beginning installation. Make sure you
optimum location. understand all inspection and installation requirements. Many locations may
require installation by a licensed professional to meet building code require-
In general Skystream will produce more power if installed on a taller tower. ments or to qualify for rebate incentives.
However, towers are expensive so it is important to balance performance
(tower height) to installed cost in order to achieve the lowest cost of energy Additionally, be sure to contact the local electrical utility company. Many
and the quickest payback. utility companies will require an “Interconnection Agreement” prior to instal-
lation. Some utilities may also require installation of a separate power meter
The General Rule: For optimal performance, install Skystream 20 ft (6.5 for Skystream.
m) above any surrounding object within a 250 ft (75 m) radius. See figure
below.
TIP: See our website: www.skystreamenergy.com for a sample inter-
connection agreement that may be used by a utility that has yet to
TIP: Your dealer can help you determine the establish a program.
best location for Skystream on your property.
Prevailing Wind
20 ft (6.5 m)
250 ft
(75 m)
Introduction Measure the distance from the electrical utility panel to Skystream, include
the tower height. Refer to the table below, and based on the measured
The following sections of this manual assume a tower and foundation ap- distance and system voltage, select the appropriate wire size.
propriate for use with a Skystream are in place and ready for Skystream to
be installed. Maximum Distance
12 AWG (4 mm2) 101 ft (31 m) 139 ft (42.4 m) 146 ft (44.5) 159 ft (48.5 m)
Use copper conductors only - Minimum wire temperature rating is 75° C (167° F).
Distances and wire sizes are based on 1 800 W power production and maximum
2% voltage line loss. Distances for 120 V system based on 3 000 W power pro-
duction and 8% voltage line loss.
The largest wire size that may be connected to Skystream’s yaw terminals
is 6 mm2 (# 8 AWG), refer to Fig. 3. If a larger wire is required because of
the installation distance; Southwest Windpower recommends installing a
disconnect switch box close to the base of the tower and running 6 mm2
wire between Skystream and the disconnect box. Larger wire may then be
run from the switch box to the electrical utility panel.
All electrical systems must be grounded in accordance with local and Skystream connects directly into your electrical panel. Wiring will vary with
national standards. Grounding provides protection from electrical shock, local zoning authority and utility. Refer to Appendix A for drawings for
voltage surges and static charge build up. each voltage, frequency and phase configuration. Some installations will
require a visible lockable disconnect switch located next to the electrical
The figures in Appendix A provide information for grounding the tower meter and/or at the base of the tower. The disconnect switch is utilized
and Skystream at the service panel by means of the ground lead coming by your local utility in the event of a power outage to ensure no voltage is
from the yaw terminals of the turbine. placed on the utility line during repair. Again, it is extremely important to
install in accordance with local and national zoning regulations.
Appendix B provides information for grounding the tower according to
the National Electric Code (USA) and IEC 60364-5-54. Information about Note: Only 20 Amp circuit breakers may be used to connect Skystream to
grounding electrodes, grounding conductors, and connections is provided. AC service panel. Refer to wiring diagrams in Appendix A.
The turbine must be grounded to the tower as depicted below.
Note: The AC output neutral is NOT bonded to ground within Skystream.
The AC neutral is bonded to ground at the AC service panel.
The instructions in this section and Appendix A are provided as reference; local
electrical codes and standards have precedence over these instructions.
l
Position Skystream on its side to access the wire terminals. Wiring Symbol Definitions - 120/240 V, 60 Hz,
Split Phase and 120/208 V, 60 Hz, 3 Phase
l
Remove approximately 5 cm of protective sheathing from cable and strip
approximately 1 cm of insulation off wire leads. L1 = Line 1, AC Line Voltage, Black Wire (240V, 60 Hz, systems)
L2 = Line 2, AC Line Voltage, Red Wire (240V, 60 Hz, systems)
l
Note the maximum wire size that can be connected directly to N = AC Neutral, White Wire, (240V, 60 Hz, systems)
Skystream is 6 mm2 Metric Wire Size or #8 AWG. Refer to Wire Sizing G = Gnd. = AC Ground, Green or Bare Wire
Section of this manual for instructions on selecting correct size wire.
Indicates AC Ground
l
Pass cable through strain relief cover so approximately 1 Inch (2.5 cm)
of cable sheath protrudes through as shown in Fig. 3. Tighten strain relief
clamp to secure cable.
l
120/240 V, 60 Hz, Split Phase and 120/208 V, 60 Hz, 3 Phase sys-
tems: Connect the red, black and white wires to the corresponding color
coded terminals on Skystream yaw. Connect green or bare copper wire to
the green terminal. Tighten wire terminal screws to 20-22 In lb (2.3-2.5
N-m). See Fig. 3.
l
120 V, 60 Hz, 1 Phase Systems: Connect the black and white wires to
the corresponding color coded terminals on the Skystream yaw. Connect
green or bare copper wire to green terminal. There is no wire connection
to bare yaw terminal as shown in Fig. 4.
No Connection
After making connections, turn on power and measure voltages at
terminals. See table below.
L1 - N L1 –L2
120 / 240 VAC, 60 Hz, Split Phase 120 VAC 240 VAC
120 / 208 VAC, 60 Hz, 3 Phase 120 VAC 208 VAC
L1: black N: white ---------
230 VAC, 50 Hz, 1 Phase 230 VAC
120 VAC, 60 Hz, 1 Phase 120 VAC ---------
127/220 VAC, 60 Hz, 3 Phase 127 VAC 220 VAC
Fig. 4 Wire run to the yaw connection (120 V, 60 Hz, single phase).
There are several types of towers that can be used with Skystream. It is essential
that Skystream is installed on a properly engineered tower. One of the leading
causes of wind generator failure is use on a poorly designed tower.
Regardless of the tower design and height you select, there are two critical
areas that must be considered when selecting the tower. These are the stub
tower height and blade clearance; refer to accompanying figure.
Stub tower
Note: The orientation of the vibration isolators is very important. Refer to Figs. 9, Not to exceed
10 & 11. 7 feet (213 cm)
1 ½ feet
Warning: Working on towers is dangerous and should be left (46 cm)
(30 cm)
1 foot
to professionals with proper safety equipment and training.
Note: A wide nylon lifting strap may be used to hoist Skystream into
position. The strap MUST cinch or “choke” the turbine tightly prior to
hoisting. Refer to the accompanying figure for positioning the strap along
the center of gravity.
Proper installation of the blades is critical for safe operation. The blade nuts l
Torque the blade bolts to 50 lb-ft (68 N·m) in two stages.
and bolts are a unique grade of steel and are specially coated to prevent l
Following the Blade Bolt Tightening Sequence shown – torque each bolt
corrosion. DO NOT substitute different nuts and bolts. Spare nuts and bolts
to 30 lb-ft (41 N·m) in two stages.
are provided with Skystream.
l
After completing first stage, following the Blade Bolt Tightening Se-
Carefully follow these instructions to obtain secure bolted joints and maxi- quence, and tighten each bolt to 50 lb-ft (68 N·m).
mum corrosion protection, particularly in corrosive marine environments. l
After completing the second tightening stage RECHECK each bolt is
tightened to 50 lb-ft (68 N·m).
l
Start the assembly by positioning a blade between the blade hub and l
The blades are now assembled to the hub and ready for installation onto
blade plate. The blades may only be installed in one position due to the
the turbine rotor shaft.
triangular boss cast into one side of the blade root.
l
Coat the inside diameter of the blade hub with a multipurpose lithium
l
Install the bolts by passing the bolt through the BLADE PLATE and
grease to prevent corrosion between the hub and shaft.
AWAY from the NACELLE as shown in Fig. 12.
l
Position the hub nut in the center of the blade hub and slide the entire
l
Leave the nuts loose until all blades are installed and then tighten the
hub / blade assembly onto the shaft and “spin” the entire assembly to
bolts just enough to clamp the blades between the hub and plate.
screw the hub onto the shaft.
l
Tighten the blade hub assembly to 200 lb-ft (270 N·m) by holding the
blades and using the “flats” on the rotor shaft.
IMPORTANT:
• Do NOT substitute nuts, bolts or washers. Contact SWWP for replacements. 2
• DO NOT apply lubricants to nut or bolt threads.
1
12
• RECHECK bolt torque after tightening bolts. 11 3
10 4
9 5
8
Blade bolt tightening
6 sequence
7
l
With power turned off attempt to rotate the blades – there should be
noticeable resistance although the leverage provided by the blade will
make it possible to rotate the blades.
l
Turn on power and attempt to rotate the blades after approximately 5
minutes. There should be noticeably less resistance required to rotate
the blades.
Turn off the power and verify that Skystream returns to a “braked”
Fig. 11 Yaw and
l
23
# DESCRIPTION QTY.
1 RF Antenna 1
22 2 M12 x 1.75 x 90mm Hex Bolt Grade 10.9 8
21
3 Snubbing Washer 8
15 20 4, 5 Vibration Isolation Ring (4) and Bushing (5) 8
16 19
17 6 Strain Relief Cover Assembly 1
18 7 Yaw Shield 2
8 M5 x 12mm Socket Head Screw 8
11 Flat Washer (M12) A2 stainless steel 8
13 M12 x 1.75 Nut grade 10.9 8
14 5” Tower Insert (optional) 1
Fig. 12 Blade and 17 Blade Plate 1
Nosecone assembly 18 Blade 3
19 Blade Hub 1
20 Hex head bolt, M10, grade 10.9 24
21 Hex nut, M10, grade 10.9 12
22 Nosecone 1
23 Hub Retaining Nut grade 10.9 1
24 M6 x 1 x 12mm Bolt SHCS grade 8.8 3
Manual operation of Skystream is limited to starting and stopping using After 20 years of service the blades MUST be replaced – even if
the circuit breakers at the electrical utility panel or electrical disconnect there is not apparent damage. The blades should be replaced as a set.
switch if equipped. To stop Skystream, switch the circuit breakers to “OFF,” Do not attempt to replace individual blades. All blade mounting hardware
and to restart Skystream switch the circuit breakers to “ON.” Note that – bolts, nuts and washers – should be replaced at the same time. Do NOT
Skystream may require approximately 5 minutes to restart after the circuit attempt to reuse the blade fasteners.
breaker is switched “ON.”
There are no periodic service requirements other than replacing the blades
An “ATTENTION” label, depicted below, is provided to indicate the location after 20 years. All bearings and rotating components were designed for
of the AC power disconnect switch or circuit breakers. Apply the label in a a 20-year life at an IEC Wind Class II site, under the IEC 61400-2 Small
prominent location where it will be seen by operators or service personnel.
Proprietary rights are included in the information disclosed herein. This information is
submitted in confidence and neither the document nor the information disclosed here- REV.
NC
DESCRIPTION
REVISIONS
DATE APPROVED
--
Wind Safety Standard. This corresponds to a site with an average wind
in shall be reproduced or transferred to other documents for manufacturing or for any ECO#1012 9/30/06
other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by Southwest Windpower.
speed of 8.5 m/s.
DWG #3-CMLB-1039
One area of Skystream that may experience damage is the blades, for
example from flying debris during a high wind storm. For this reason
Southwest Windpower recommends Skystream be shut down on an annu-
al basis and an inspection of the blades performed. The inspection may
Adjustments be accomplished using binoculars or by close visual inspection. Inspect for
cracks and chips particularly along the edges of the blades. Any damage is
Adjustments to Skystream are limited to setting the elevation. As delivered, cause for replacing the blades. If in doubt, contact your local service cen-
Skystream is configured for operation up 1000 m above sea level. There
For artwork see DOC 0325
ter.
is 2"W
Label: no xneed to reset
4"H Z-Ultimate the elevation
3000 White, unless Skystream is installed above that
Zebra part #68431
Ribbon: 3.27" x 1.476" Premium 5100 Resin Ribbon, Zebra part # 05100BK08345
elevation. The elevation may be reset using the optional remote display. If a
remote display is unavailable to you, contact your Skystream dealer about
resetting the elevation.
Dimensions
[inches] mm
unless otherwise specified
CAD-generated drawing
dimensions are in [inches]
do not manually update Flagstaff, Arizona U.S.A.
tolerances are :
decimals
X. ±1
angles APPROVALS
± 30 ' DRAWN
DATE LABEL, SAFETY
.X ± .5 Dan Nielsen 9/30/06
R&D
.XX ± .2
MATERIAL --
PROD EGR CAD file : 3-CMLB-1039 LABEL SAFETY
FINISH -- MFG
dwg. n° 3-CMLB-1039
DO NOT SCALE DRAWING QUAL
rev. NC size A sheet 1 of 1
The Skystream 3.7 operates by converting the kinetic energy of the wind Skystream determines that the power has returned to within specification,
into rotational motion that turns an alternator and ultimately produces it will re-connect to the grid and resume normal operation. This is the same
usable electric power. In actuality this is a great oversimplification of cycle that occurs when Skystream is initially powered. Additionally, should
Skystream’s operation since it must very precisely match the frequency Skystream determine an internal fault exists, it will execute an emergency
and voltage of the electricity supplied by the local utility company in order shutdown – an E-stop. An E-stop will only take place if a severe fault
to power your home and its appliances. Additionally, Skystream monitors that requires servicing internal components has occurred. For that reason
and adjusts its performance to provide safe operation and extract the resetting an E-stop requires gaining access to the interior of Skystream. It
maximum energy from even low speed winds. cannot be reset from the ground.
As a redundant measure of safety to guarantee stopping the turbine in By ensuring Skystream is disposed of correctly,
case of a winding fault or a lost connection to the alternator, there are you will help prevent harm to the environment,
seven connections to the alternator windings, but only three are neces- which may be caused by inappropriate disposal
sary to control or stop the turbine. And as a final measure of safety, if the of this product. The recycling of materials will
inverter is unable to control the rotational speed and Skystream exceeds help conserve natural resources. For more detailed information about recy-
approximately 400 rpm, the rectified voltage will exceed the Zener (Z) cling of Skystream, please contact your local waste disposal authorities,
voltage on the relay board, causing the latching relay (RL4) to open. This your household waste disposal service or the store where you purchased
will cause the relays RL1, 2, and 3 to close and apply all the available Skystream.
electromechanical torque to the rotor, stopping Skystream completely. The
inverter power path will also be disconnected from the grid by means of Skystream was manufactured in compliance with the Restriction of Certain
relay RL_G. This is the final level of control and is only applied when all Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment 2002/95/
other methods of control have failed. As such, once set, (latched) RL4 may EC (RoHS) and therefore does not contain any of the materials regulated
only be reset by gaining internal access to Skystream – it cannot be reset by that standard.
via the Remote Display.
3) When should I contact an authorized service technician? 9) What should I do if ice forms on Skystream blades?
a) If “Growling” noise is detected turn Skystream “OFF” and contact To avoid the possibility of injury from ice breaking loose from the blades
Technical service. and injuring anyone, Skystream should be turned OFF if ice accumulates
b) If frequent “shut-downs” are observed. on the blades.
c) Unusual noises or vibrations are observed. Use caution. If in doubt
turn Skystream “OFF” and contact Technical service.
d) Circuit breaker and switches are turned “ON” and Skystream is not
turning in response to wind.
40 A
NACELLE
CHASSIS GND FROM YAW SEE WIRE CHART. AC MAIN
ELECTRICALLY CONNECTION TO SERVICE
CONNECTED SAFETY SWITCH (230V 20 A
TO YAW, WHICH 1-PH, 50HZ)
PANEL
MUST BE
ELECTRICALLY
other loads
C CONNECTED TO C
THE TOWER UTILITY
#10-2 W/#10 GND THWN-2 KILOWATT-HOUR
CABLE FROM SAFTY SWITCH METER
TO MAIN SERVICE PANEL
N
2 4 5 9 LENGTH < 187 FT.
N
6 8 SAFETY SWITCH
TOWER 2-POLE, 30A, 240VAC, G
(APPROX. G N L1
SQUARE D #DU221RB L1
35 FT. AT TOWER BASE N
HIGH) N (blue) N
N
N G
G G
L1 (brown) L1 L1
D L1 7 D
L2 GND (yellow
+green) GND GND
G G
12 INCH MAX.
10 INCH MIN. 230 VAC (L-N)
2 4 DEDICATED WIND TO SERVICE
POWER SYSTEM 3 GROUND TRANSFORMER,
WIND POWER SYSTEM
SYSTEM KILOWATT-HOUR UTILITY GRID
DISCONNECT METER
GROUND SWITCH 2-POLE
LEVEL 30A, 240VAC
SQ-D #DU221RB * NOTES:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Proprietary rights are included in the information disclosed herein. This information is REVISIONS
submitted in confidence and neither the document nor the information disclosed here- REV. DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED
NC ECO 1180 4/13/07
in shall be reproduced or transferred to other documents for manufacturing or for any
other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by Southwest Windpower. THIS DRAWING IS FOR REFERENCE A
B
ECO 1212
Admin Ch# 0056 Added SPD
5/24/07
8/21/08 tg
A
VARIATIONS MAY BE MADE IN ACCORD WITH NEC GUIDELINES A
40 A
40 A
MUST BE
ELECTRICALLY SAFETY SWITCH. 240V
C CONNECTED TO AC SPLIT-PH 60Hz 20 A C
THE TOWER
20 A
DEDICATED WIND
POWER SYSTEM
TOWER UTILITY
(APPROX. #10-3 W/#10 GND THWN-2 CABLE KILOWATT-HOUR
6 KILOWATT-HOUR
35 FT. 5 9 FROM SAFETY SWITCH TO MAIN METER
HIGH) 8 METER
SAFETY SWITCH SERVICE PANEL LENGTH < 208FT. (OPTIONAL)
2-POLE, 30A, 240VAC,
G N L2 L1
SQUARE D #DU221RB N (white) N/G
AT TOWER BASE N
G N
N L1 (black) L1
L1
D B SPD L1 L2 (red) L2 D
L2 L2
GND (bare/green) G
G G
12 INCH MAX. 7
10 INCH MIN. 3
2 4
WIND POWER GROUND
SYSTEM
DISCONNECT SYSTEM
GROUND SWITCH 2-POLE
LEVEL 30A, 240VAC
SQ-D #DU221RB
TOWER 1. EQUIPMENT SHALL BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEC ARTICLE 705. 240 VAC
GROUND 2. PROVIDE WARNING SIGN PER NEC 690-17 READING "WARNING-ELECTRIC TO SERVICE
SYSTEM RUN FROM JNC. BOX AT SHOCK HAZARD-DO NOT TOUCH TERMINALS - TERMINALS ON BOTH THE LINE TRANSFORMER,
24 INCH MIN.
TOWER BASE TO HOME AND LOAD MAY BE ENERGIZED IN THE OFF POSITION". UTILITY GRID
3. LABEL "WIND POWER SYSTEM DEDICATED kW-HR METER".
4. LABEL SWITCH AS "WIND GENERATOR SAFETY DISCONNECT SWITCH;
REMOVING AC POWER TO TURBINE ACTIVATES ITS SAFETY BRAKE".
5. OPTION IS TO USE A JUNCTION BOX AT TOWER BASE INSTEAD OF A SWITCH.
6. LABEL "REMOVING AC POWER TO TURBINE ACTIVATES ITS SAFETY BRAKE".
TOWER 7. BI-DIRECTIONAL METER TO BE INSTALLED BY UTILITY (WHEN REQUIRED).
FOUNDATION TOP 8. USE COPPER WIRES ONLY AT TURBINE TERMINALS
SURFACE TO BE 9. ALUMINUM WIRES MAY BE USED FOR HOME / UTILITY CONNECTION IF TRANSITION
MIN. 6" ABOVE WERE DONE IN A JNC. BOX. 14AWG WIRE MUST BE COPPER ONLY.
F GROUND LVL. B NOTE 10. SPD = SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICE SUCH AS A CAD-generated drawing Southwest Windpower
REFER TO SWWP LIGHTNING CURRENT ARRESTOR. AN APPROPRIATE do not manually update Flagstaff, Arizona U.S.A.
FOUNDATION DWG. ARRESTOR TO SATISFY THE REQUIRED LIGHTNING
APPROVALS DATE
PROTECTION LEVEL MUST BE INSTALLED. SEE LIGHTNING 120/240 V 60 Hz
1" DIA. SCHED. 40 PROTECTION SECTION OF MANUAL FOR RECOMMENDATIONS. DRAWN
N.Agrawal 29Apr '08
W/JCT BOX
RIGID PVC CONDUIT; CHECKED
P. Thomas 29Apr '08
SUNLIGHT RESISTANT; RESP ENG D. Calley 29Apr '08
CAD file : 3-CMLT-1083 rev B 120-240V 60Hz ELECTRICAL CONNECTION (2)
UL LISTED - Skystream
MFG ENG dwg #3-CMLT-1083
NEXT ASSY USED ON
1 2 3 4 5 APPLICATION DO NOT SCALE DRAWING QUAL ENG
size A3 sheet 1 of 2
scale none rev. B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Proprietary rights are included in the information disclosed herein. This information is
submitted in confidence and neither the document nor the information disclosed here-
in shall be reproduced or transferred to other documents for manufacturing or for any
other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by Southwest Windpower. THIS DRAWING IS FOR REFERENCE SPAN BETW'N TOWER TOP TO AC
MAIN SERVICE PANEL FOR
USABLE AWG (FOR
LINE AND NEUTRAL
COPPER WIRE ONLY, ASSUMING CONDUCTORS ONLY) FOR
A
VARIATIONS MAY BE MADE IN GRID VOLTAGE IS 240V, TURBINE
PUTS OUT 1.8kW
2% VOLTAGE RISE (L-L) AT
THE TURBINE INVERTER
ACCORDANCE WITH NEC GUIDELINES
A
Optional wiring when wire run from tower base 1017 FT. 4 AWG
SERVICE
PANEL
FROM UP-TOWER
YAW JUNCTION BOX
40 A
40 A
240V AC SPLIT PHASE
NACELLE
60Hz
CHASSIS
ELECTRICALLY
CONNECTED TO B 20 A
C YAW WHICH C
MUST BE
ELECTRICALLY
CONNECTED 20 A
TO TOWER DEDICATED WIND BIDIRECTIONAL
#10-3 DIRECT BURIAL CABLE POWER SYSTEM
W/#10 GND FROM YAW TO UTILITY
KILOWATT-HOUR KILOWATT-HOUR
MAIN SERVICE PANEL. METER
6 MAXIMUM DISTANCE 253FT FOR METER
(OPTIONAL)
#10 CABLE. SEE WIRE CHART
TOWER
FOR LONGER SPANS.
G N L2 L1
N (white) N/G
(APPROX.
35 FT.
HIGH) N
L1 (black) N
D L1
L1 D
L2 (red)
L2 L2
GND (bare/green) G
G G
5
3
2 4 7
WIND POWER
TOWER SYSTEM
GROUND DISCONNECT
SYSTEM SWITCH 2-POLE
GROUND 30A, 250VAC GROUND
LEVEL SQ-D #DU221RB SYSTEM
E E
6" MIN.
* 240 VAC
NOTES: TO SERVICE
1. EQUIPMENT SHALL BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEC ARTICLE 705. TRANSFORMER,
24 INCH MIN. 2. PROVIDE WARNING SIGN PER NEC 690-17 READING "WARNING-ELECTRIC
RUN FROM TOWER BASE TO HOME UTILITY GRID
SHOCK HAZARD-DO NOT TOUCH TERMINALS - TERMINALS ON BOTH THE LINE
AND LOAD MAY BE ENERGIZED IN THE OFF POSITION".
3. LABEL "WIND POWER SYSTEM DEDICATED kW-HR METER".
4. LABEL SWITCH AS "WIND GENERATOR SAFETY DISCONNECT SWITCH; REMOVING
AC POWER TO TURBINE ACTIVATES ITS SAFETY BRAKE".
TOWER 5. BI-DIRECTIONAL UTILITY METER TO BE INSTALLED BY UTILITY COMPANY (WHEN
FOUNDATION TOP REQUIRED)
SURFACE TO BE F
6. USE COPPER WIRES ONLY AT TURBINE TERMINALS
MIN. 6" ABOVE 7. ALUMINUM WIRES MAY BE USED FOR HOME / UTILITY CONNECTION IF TRANSITION
F GROUND LVL. WERE DONE IN A JNC. BOX. 14AWG WIRE MUST BE COPPER ONLY.
REFER TO SWWP Southwest Windpower
FOUNDATION DWG. B 8. SPD = SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICE SUCH AS A LIGHTNING CURRENT ARRESTOR.
AN APPROPRIATE ARRESTOR TO SATISFY THE REQUIRED LIGHTNING PROTECTION LEVEL Flagstaff, Arizona U.S.A.
1" DIA. SCHEDULE 40 MUST BE INSTALLED. SEE LIGHTNING PROTECTION SECTION OF MANUAL FOR RECOMMENDATIONS.
RIGID PVC CONDUIT; 120/240V 60Hz
SUNLIGHT RESISTANT;
UL LISTED
dwg #3-CMLT-1083
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 scale none rev. B size A sheet 2 of 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Proprietary rights are included in the information disclosed herein. This information is REVISIONS
submitted in confidence and neither the document nor the information disclosed here- REV. DESCRIPTION DATE APPRVD
NACELLE
CHASSIS #10-3 UF-B DIRECT
ELECTRICALLY
BURIAL CABLE W/#10 GND
40 A
40 A
40 A
CONNECTED
TO YAW, WHICH FROM YAW CONNECTION TO
MUST BE SAFTY SWITCH 208V AC 20 A
DEDICATED WIND
#10-3 W/#10 GND THWN- POWER SYSTEM
UTILITY
2 CABLE FROM SAFETY KILOWATT-HOUR
6 KILOWATT-HOUR
5 9 SWITCHTO MAIN SERVICE METER
8 METER
SAFETY SWITCH PANEL. LENGTH < 175FT (OPTIONAL)
TOWER 2-POLE, 30A, 240VAC,
(APPROX. G N L2 L1
SQUARE D #DU221RB
35 FT. N (white) N/G
AT TOWER BASE N N
HIGH)
G N
N L1 (black) L1 L1
B L1 L2 L2
D SPD L1 D
L2 (red)
L2 L3 L3
L2
GND (bare/green) G
G G
12 INCH MAX. 7
10 INCH MIN. 3
2 4
WIND POWER GROUND
SYSTEM
DISCONNECT SYSTEM
GROUND SWITCH 2-POLE
LEVEL 30A, 240VAC
SQ-D #DU221RB
* NOTES:
E 6" MIN. E
1. EQUIPMENT SHALL BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEC ARTICLE 705.
2. PROVIDE WARNING SIGN PER NEC 690-17 READING "WARNING-ELECTRIC 3-PH, 4-WIRE,
TOWER SHOCK HAZARD-DO NOT TOUCH TERMINALS - TERMINALS ON BOTH THE LINE 208 VAC
GROUND AND LOAD MAY BE ENERGIZED IN THE OFF POSITION". TO SERVICE
SYSTEM RUN FROM JNC. BOX AT 24 INCH MIN. 3. LABEL "WIND POWER SYSTEM DEDICATED kW-HR METER".
TOWER BASE TO HOME 4. LABEL SWITCH AS "WIND GENERATOR SAFETY DISCONNECT SWITCH; TRANSFORMER,
REMOVING AC POWER TO TURBINE ACTIVATES ITS SAFETY BRAKE". UTILITY GRID
5. OPTION IS TO USE A JUNCTION BOX AT TOWER BASE INSTEAD OF A SWITCH.
6. LABEL "REMOVING AC POWER TO TURBINE ACTIVATES ITS SAFETY BRAKE".
7. BI-DIRECTIONAL METER TO BE INSTALLED BY UTILITY (WHEN REQUIRED).
TOWER 8. USE COPPER WIRES ONLY AT TURBINE TERMINALS
9. ALUMINUM WIRES MAY BE USED FOR HOME / UTILITY CONNECTION IF TRANSITION
FOUNDATION TOP WERE DONE IN A JNC. BOX. 14AWG WIRE MUST BE COPPER ONLY.
SURFACE TO BE
MIN. 6" ABOVE
F GROUND LVL. B NOTE 10. SPD = SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICE SUCH AS A CAD-generated drawing
Southwest Windpower
REFER TO SWWP LIGHTNING CURRENT ARRESTOR. AN APPROPRIATE do not manually update Flagstaff, Arizona U.S.A.
FOUNDATION DWG. ARRESTOR TO SATSIFY THE REQUIRED LIGHTNING
APPROVALS DATE
PROTECTION LEVEL MUST BE INSTALLED. SEE LIGHTNING 120/208V 60Hz
1" DIA. SCHED. 40 PROTECTION SECTION OF MANUAL FOR RECOMMENDATIONS. DRAWN
N.Agrawal 26 Jan '07
W/JCT BOX
RIGID PVC CONDUIT; CHECKED
P. Thomas 26 Jan '07
SUNLIGHT RESISTANT; RESP ENG D. Calley 26 Jan '07
CAD file : 3-CMLT-1084 Rev B 120-208V 60Hz ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
UL LISTED - Skystream
MFG ENG dwg #3-CMLT-1084
NEXT ASSY USED ON
1 2 3 4 5 APPLICATION DO NOT SCALE DRAWING QUAL ENG
scale none rev. B size A3 sheet 1 of 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Proprietary rights are included in the information disclosed herein. This information is
submitted in confidence and neither the document nor the information disclosed here-
in shall be reproduced or transferred to other documents for manufacturing or for any
other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by Southwest Windpower. THIS DRAWING IS FOR REFERENCE
SPAN BETW'N TOWER TOP
A VARIATIONS MAY BE MADE IN TO AC MAIN SERVICE
PANEL FOR COPPER WIRE USABLE AWG FOR 2% A
ACCORDANCE WITH NEC GUIDELINES ONLY, ASSUMING GRID LINE-LINE VOLTAGE
VOLTAGE IS 208V(L-L), DROP BETWEEN
Optional wiring when wire run from tower base TURBINE PUTS OUT 1.8kW SKYSTREAM AND GRID
120/208VAC 3-ph,
MAIN SERVICE PANEL
FROM UP-TOWER
YAW JUNCTION BOX
120/208V AC 3-PHASE
NACELLE
(2 LINE) 60Hz
40 A
40 A
40 A
CHASSIS
ELECTRICALLY
CONNECTED TO
C YAW WHICH B C
MUST BE
20 A
ELECTRICALLY
CONNECTED
TO TOWER DEDICATED WIND
#10-3 UF-B DIRECT BURIAL POWER SYSTEM
CABLE W/#10 GND FROM
20 A
UTILITY
KILOWATT-HOUR KILOWATT-HOUR
YAW TO MAIN SERVICES METER
6 PANEL.MAXIMUM DISTANCE METER
(OPTIONAL)
220FT FOR #10 CABLE. SEE
TOWER
WIRE CHART FOR LONGER
G N L2 L1
E E
6" MIN.
* 3-PH, 4-WIRE,
NOTES: 208 VAC
24 INCH MIN. 1. EQUIPMENT SHALL BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEC ARTICLE 705. TO SERVICE
RUN FROM TOWER BASE TO HOME 2. PROVIDE WARNING SIGN PER NEC 690-17 READING "WARNING-ELECTRIC TRANSFORMER,
SHOCK HAZARD-DO NOT TOUCH TERMINALS - TERMINALS ON BOTH THE LINE UTILITY GRID
AND LOAD MAY BE ENERGIZED IN THE OFF POSITION".
3. LABEL "WIND POWER SYSTEM DEDICATED kW-HR METER".
4. LABEL SWITCH AS "WIND GENERATOR SAFETY DISCONNECT SWITCH; REMOVING
TOWER AC POWER TO TURBINE ACTIVATES ITS SAFETY BRAKE".
FOUNDATION TOP 5. BI-DIRECTIONAL UTILITY METER TO BE INSTALLED BY UTILITY COMPANY (WHEN
SURFACE TO BE REQUIRED) F
MIN. 6" ABOVE 6. USE COPPER WIRES ONLY AT TURBINE TERMINALS
F GROUND LVL. 7. ALUMINUM WIRES MAY BE USED FOR HOME / UTILITY CONNECTION IF TRANSITION
REFER TO SWWP WERE DONE IN A JNC. BOX. 14AWG WIRE MUST BE COPPER ONLY. Southwest Windpower
FOUNDATION DWG. 8. SPD = SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICE SUCH AS A LIGHTNING CURRENT ARRESTOR.
1" DIA. SCHEDULE 40 B AN APPROPRIATE ARRESTOR TO SATISFY THE REQUIRED LIGHTNING PROTECTION LEVEL Flagstaff, Arizona U.S.A.
RIGID PVC CONDUIT; MUST BE INSTALLED. SEE LIGHTNING PROTECTION SECTION OF MANUAL FOR RECOMMENDATIONS. 120/208 60Hz
SUNLIGHT RESISTANT;
UL LISTED
dwg #3-CMLT-1084
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 scale none rev. B size A sheet 2 of 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Proprietary rights are included in the information disclosed herein. This information is REVISIONS
submitted in confidence and neither the document nor the information disclosed here- REV. DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED
X initial release 11/02/06 -
in shall be reproduced or transferred to other documents for manufacturing or for any
XA relay board detail added 11/17/06 -
other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by Southwest Windpower.
A
A
RL_G
RECTIFY BOOST INVERT DPDT
F4 L1 L1(black)
Ym1 Y1 + + L1 YAW BRUSH
DC DC N N (white)
400V N ASSY. and
Y2
_ _ F3 FILTER L2 TURBINE L2 (red)
Y1
Y3 DC AC L2 TERMINALS
G G (green)
Ym3
C C
COMMUNICATIONS TO GRID
UP-TOWER
RF BOARD
NACELLE
D
NACELLE GROUND D
ANTENNA
BROUGHT TO YAW
Simple Detail of Relay board BOARD VIA SCREWS
Ym3
RF LINK
Ym2 ANTENNA
RECTIFY
Ym1 +
E
Y1 E
Y2
_ Z RF DISPLAY
Y3 UNIT
Center
LATCHING
RELAY, RL4
voltage distances
X. ± .5
angles
± 30 '
APPROVALS DATE
DRAWN N. Agrawal 17 Nov '06
SKYSTREAM
from .X ± .2
CHECKED
BLOCK DIAGRAM
P. Thomas 17 Nov '06
inverter .XX ± .1
RESP ENG CAD file : Skystream_block_diagram_revXB
- Skystream MATERIAL -
NEXT ASSY USED ON FINISH -- MFG ENG G. T. dwg. n°
1 2 4 5 QUAL ENG
3 APPLICATION DO NOT SCALE DRAWING K. G. scale 1 : 1 rev. XB size A3 sheet 1 of 1
1 ft
(0.3 m)
8 ft
(2.4 m)
submitted in confidence and neither the document nor the information disclosed here- REV. DESCRIPTION DATE APPROVED
NC Original release 01/29/06 POT
in shall be reproduced or transferred to other documents for manufacturing or for any
other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by Southwest Windpower.
B 1) INTRODUCTION______________________________________ 4 B
Internal bonding
to tower bolts using 2) GROUNDING TECHNIQUES___________________________ 4
listed or approved clamp
2-1 Copper Clad Electrodes Driven Into Soil________________ 4
2-1-1 Grounding Electrode Installation________________ 5
C
2-1-2 Electrode Resistance to Ground________________ 5 C
X. ± .5 ± 30 ' DRAWN
Concrete encased
.X ± .2
CHECKED
N.Agrawal 26 Jan '07
electrode
.XX ± .1 P. Thomas 26 Jan '07
RESP ENG
CAD file : Tower_Grounding
- D. Calley 26 Jan '07
- Skystream MATERIAL
NEXT ASSY USED ON FINISH -- MFG ENG dwg. n° 3-CMBP-3026
1 2 3 4 5 APPLICATION DO NOT SCALE DRAWING QUAL ENG
scale none rev. A size A3 sheet 1 of 2
Professional installation
highly recommended
Professional installation
highly recommended
The following information is excerpted from the 2005 NEC article 250.53 If the single chosen electrode does not have a resistance to ground of 10
(G). Refer to code for additional detailed information. ohm or less, it shall be augmented by additional electrodes as necessary.
The overall resistance of multiple rods to ground would roughly equal the
The electrode shall be installed such that at least 2.44 m of length is in resistance of a single rod to ground divided by the number of rods. Where
contact with the soil. It shall be driven into undisturbed soil within 0.3 m multiple such electrodes are installed to meet the above requirement, they
of the tower foundation. It shall be driven to a depth of not less than 2.44 shall not be less than 1.8 m apart. The multiple rods must be bonded
m except that, where rock bottom is encountered, the electrode shall be together using the grounding electrode conductor.
driven at an oblique angle not to exceed 45 degrees from the vertical or,
where rock bottom is encountered at an angle up to 45 degrees, the elec-
trode shall be permitted to be buried in a trench that is at least 750 mm
deep. The upper end of the electrode shall be flush with or below ground
level unless the aboveground end and grounding electrode conductor are
protected against physical damage as specified below (quoted from 2005
NEC article 250.10):
Two types of electrodes, their locations and their connection to the elec-
Fig. 2 Attaching the grounding wire to the tower base. trode grounding conductor are described below:
Ground
Electrode
Conductor Lower Nut
A
A
B B
Internal bonding
to tower bolts using
listed or approved clamp
C C
D
D
X. ± .5 ± 30 ' DRAWN
Concrete encased
.X ± .2
CHECKED
N.Agrawal 26 Jan '07
electrode
.XX ± .1 P. Thomas 26 Jan '07
RESP ENG
CAD file : Tower_Grounding
- D. Calley 26 Jan '07
- Skystream MATERIAL
NEXT ASSY USED ON FINISH -- MFG ENG dwg. n° 3-CMBP-3026
1 2 3 4 5 APPLICATION DO NOT SCALE DRAWING QUAL ENG
Battery Inverter
Battery
Charging
Controller
Utility
Panel
240V
This option is a good choice for grid connected homes requiring battery back-
up and 240 volts. The same model Skystream is used in homes connected to
the electrical utility grid; therefore the system is adaptable if there is no longer
a requirement for battery backup. The system is depicted to the left.
Optional Utility
Grid Connection System Components Include:
Wiring requirements for Battery Charging systems differ from Battery Backed
Battery
- Grid Connected systems. Refer to Appendix A for specific wiring schematics.
Charging
Controller 240V
Consult with your inverter supplier regarding inverter and battery installation.
Due to the large number of inverter and battery system configurations it is not
Fig. 6- Battery Charging Option A possible for Southwest Windpower to provide specific wiring instructions.
This option is a good choice for systems with an existing inverter. It supports
240 volt loads and may be transitioned to dedicated grid connected system if
required in the future.
The system differs from Option A in that a transformer boosts the output of a Optional Utility
single 120 VAC, 60 Hz inverter to 240 VAC whereas Option A utilizes two 120 Grid Connection
Inverter
Part Number 1-SSL-10-240 (land); Part Number 1-SSM-10-240 (marine).
• Battery Charging Controller Kit, Part Number 1-CRBC-10 Breaker
Box
Battery
• 120 Volt, 60 Hz Inverter, Southwest Windpower recommends:
- Outback FX Series Inverters Battery
- Xantrex SW Series Inverters Charging
Controller 240V
Wiring requirements for Battery Charging systems differ from Battery Backed
- Grid Connected systems. Refer to Appendix A for specific wiring schematics.
Fig.7- Battery Charging Option B
Consult with your inverter supplier regarding inverter and battery installation.
Due to the large number of inverter and battery system configurations it is not
possible for Southwest Windpower to provide specific wiring instructions.
This option is a good choice for homes that do not require 240 volt service. It is an
economical system in that only a single 120 VAC inverter and no transformer is
required. However, it uses a model Skystream that is not UL recognized and may
not be connected to the electric utility power grid. See note below.
Additionally, because this is strictly a 120 volt system, if a long wire run is neces- Optional Utility
Grid Connection
sary, larger gauge wire may be required to avoid voltage losses thus offsetting
costs saved by the single inverter. Peak power in high winds is also reduced
because this is a 120 volt system, therefore, this wind turbine may not be a good
choice for high wind locations. The system is depicted to the right.
Inverter
NOTE: The 120 Volt Battery Charging model of Skystream (Part Number 1-SSL-10- 120V
120 (land) or Part Number 1-SSM-10-120 (marine)) is NOT Underwriters Laborato-
ries (UL) Recognized and MUST NOT be connected to the electric utility power grid.
Breaker
Battery Box
• Skystream 3.7, 120 Volt, 1 Phase: Part Numbers 1-SSL-10-120 (land); Battery
Charging
Controller
Part Number 1-SSM-10-120 (marine). 120V
When the battery bank voltage reaches the High Voltage Set Point (bat- Due to the large variety of systems and available equipment, Southwest
teries are charged) the relay is de-energized and the Skystream “Line” Windpower strongly recommends consulting with your local alternative en-
is “opened”, disconnecting Skystream from the system and placing it in a ergy professionals to select the most appropriate equipment for application.
braked mode. Skystream will remain disconnected from the system and in For example an advanced controller may require a diversion load (as shown
its braked mode until the battery bank voltage drops below the Low Voltage in figure below) capable of absorbing 25% above the entire systems power
Set Point. production.
Battery Charging Controller Block Diagram Battery Charging Block Diagram - with Xantrex Charge Controller with Diversion Load
Introduction_____________________________________________ 4
Professional installation
highly recommended
In this guide
IMPORTANT:
Please take note
Professional installation
highly recommended
The Skystream 3.7 turbine is designed to withstand over voltages and An appropriate Lightning Protection System is selected after determining
surge currents (6kV, 3kA, 8/20µs) caused by indirect lightning strikes the Lightning Protection System Efficiency and thus the Lightning Protec-
or switching operations according to the Standard for Interconnecting tion Level (Level 1 through 4). To determine these, one needs to further
Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems (IEEE 1547). For this determine the following parameters.
protection to be effective, it is necessary to ensure that over voltages at
the connection terminals will not be higher than the above values of the The parameters include:
surge test. • The tower height
• Flash Density (Ng)
To provide this over voltage protection against direct lightning strikes; a • Topography of Installation site
Type 1 lightning current arrestor, that reduces over voltages to a level below • Permitted Annual Number of Critical Events (Nc)
6 kV but is capable of discharging very high currents, much larger than
those handled by surge protective devices present inside Skystream is Once these parameters are defined a specific Model of Lightning Current
required. Type 1 lightning arrestors have been tested to withstand over volt- Arrestor may be determined.
ages and surge currents representing a direct lightning strike, described by
a 10/350µs type waveform.
IMPORTANT: More than one arrestor may be required
depending upon the level of protection required.
Since the Skystream is intended to be installed worldwide in all kinds of
environments, some more vulnerable to lightning than others, the Light-
ning Protection System’s (LPS) efficiency (E), and hence the current rating The Lightning Protection System (LPS) “Protection Level” is based on the
of the Type 1 Lightning Current Arrestor, may be selected to meet local number of lightning “critical events” allowed per year and the lightning flash
requirements. density in the target area. A “critical event” is described as the failure of
the lightning protection system (LPS).
Location of the Lightning Current Arrestor(s): If there is risk of damage to the wind turbine or associated power net-
works and devices due to a critical event (or injury or loss of life), then the
For Skystream installations with metallic tubular towers where the tower protection system must be designed to keep the Permitted Annual Number
and turbine installation, earthing or grounding has been performed as per of Critical Events, Nc, under an acceptable value. This is the acceptable
the Owner’s manual, analysis has shown that the best protection is provided number of annual lightning strikes that will cause one damage incident.
when the Type 1 arrestor is placed at or near the base of the tower.
Determine your tower height and select Table 1, 2, 3 or 4 cor- Isolated Flat Land Hill or Knoll Non-Isolated Flat Land
responding to a 33, 45, 60 or 70 ft. tower (10, 14, 18 or 21 m). Ng E = Lightning protection E = Lightning protection E = Lightning protection
Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 are utilized to calculate the Lightning Pro- system efficiency system efficiency system efficiency
tection System Efficiencies corresponding to the tower height. Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc =
1/100 1/1000 1/10000 1/100 1/1000 1/10000 1/100 1/1000 1/10000
able, as there may be considerable variability in data from one year 11 0.786 0.979 0.998 0.893 0.989 0.999 0.572 0.957 0.996
to next, especially with the present climate change. 12 0.804 0.980 0.998 0.902 0.990 0.999 0.608 0.961 0.996
13 0.819 0.982 0.998 0.910 0.991 0.999 0.638 0.964 0.216
An example website is given below:
14 0.832 0.983 0.998 0.916 0.992 0.999 0.664 0.966 0.997
http://www.crh.noaa.gov/pub/?n=/ltg/flash_density_maps_index.php
15 0.843 0.984 0.998 0.922 0.992 0.999 0.686 0.969 0.997
Ng may range anywhere between 1 and 70. Select the row cor- 16 0.853 0.985 0.999 0.926 0.993 0.999 0.706 0.971 0.997
responding to the Ng in your area. For non-integer values, the next 17 0.862 0.986 0.999 0.931 0.993 0.999 0.723 0.972 0.997
higher integral number must be chosen. 18 0.869 0.987 0.999 0.935 0.993 0.999 0.739 0.974 0.997
19 0.876 0.988 0.999 0.938 0.994 0.999 0.752 0.975 0.998
20 0.882 0.988 0.999 0.941 0.994 0.999 0.765 0.976 0.998
Warning: Be careful to obtain most recent data available, as 30 0.922 0.992 0.999 0.961 0.996 1.000 0.843 0.984 0.998
there may be considerable variability in data from one year to
40 0.941 0.994 0.999 0.971 0.997 1.000 0.882 0.988 0.999
next, especially with the present climate change.
50 0.953 0.995 1.000 0.976 0.998 1.000 0.906 0.991 0.999
60 0.961 0.996 1.000 0.980 0.998 1.000 0.922 0.992 0.999
70 0.966 0.967 1.000 0.983 0.998 1.000 0.933 0.993 0.999
Inspect the topography of the area in which the turbine is Isolated Flat Land Hill or Knoll Non-Isolated Flat Land
installed and select the one category that best describes the
Ng efficiency efficiency efficiency
topography:
Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc =
1/100 1/1000 1/10000 1/100 1/1000 1/10000 1/100 1/1000 1/10000
• Isolated Flat Land: No structures present within a circle of
radius three times the height of the turbine (with the turbine at 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001
the center of the circle) 1 -0.427 0.875 0.986 0.287 0.929 0.993 -1.853 0.715 0.971
• Knoll / Hill 2 0.287 0.929 0.993 0.643 0.964 0.996 -0.427 0.857 0.986
• Un-isolated Flat Land: Smaller structures present within a 3 0.524 0.952 0.995 0.762 0.976 0.998 0.049 0.905 0.990
circle of radius three times the height of turbine (with turbine 4 0.643 0.964 0.996 0.822 0.982 0.998 0.287 0.929 0.993
at center of the circle)
5 0.715 0.971 0.997 0.857 0.986 0.999 0.429 0.943 0.994
6 0.762 0.976 0.998 0.881 0.988 0.999 0.524 0.952 0.995
Permitted Annual Number of Critical Events (Nc)
7 0.796 0.980 0.998 0.898 0.990 0.999 0.592 0.959 0.996
Determine Nc. Three “Annual Number of Critical Event” options 8 0.822 0.982 0.998 0.911 0.991 0.999 0.643 0.964 0.996
are provided in the tables. The least protective option is 1 /100 9 0.841 0.984 0.998 0.921 0.992 0.999 0.683 0.968 0.997
(1 in 100); the most protective is 1/10000 (1 in 10,000). 10 0.857 0.986 0.999 0.929 0.993 0.999 0.715 0.971 0.997
11 0.870 0.987 0.999 0.935 0.994 0.999 0.741 0.974 0.997
Warning: If there is risk of injury or danger to human life, 12 0.881 0.988 0.999 0.941 0.994 0.999 0.762 0.976 0.998
then maximum allowed Nc is generally 1 in 100,000 or 13 0.890 0.989 0.999 0.945 0.995 0.999 0.781 0.978 0.998
less, depending on laws of various states or countries.
14 0.898 0.990 0.999 0.949 0.995 0.999 0.796 0.980 0.998
15 0.905 0.990 0.999 0.952 0.995 1.000 0.810 0.981 0.998
As Skystream installations on relatively short towers (like 33 ft - 16 0.911 0.991 0.999 0.955 0.996 1.000 0.822 0.982 0.998
70 ft / 10m - 21m) do not significantly increase risk of injury or
17 0.916 0.992 0.999 0.958 0.996 1.000 0.832 0.983 0.998
danger to human life, the Efficiency (E) is calculated with higher
values of Nc (for example, 1/1000 is larger than 1/100,000). 18 0.921 0.992 0.999 0.960 0.996 1.000 0.841 0.984 0.998
19 0.925 0.992 0.999 0.962 0.996 1.000 0.752 0.985 0.998
However, Nc must be chosen to comply with local electrical 20 0.929 0.993 0.999 0.964 0.996 1.000 0.857 0.986 0.999
safety laws. Some authorities may require Nc = 1/100,000 for 30 0.952 0.995 1.000 0.976 0.998 1.000 0.905 0.990 0.999
better protection. The result of choosing such a low Nc would
40 0.964 0.996 1.000 0.982 0.998 1.000 0.929 0.993 0.999
mean that a lightning protection system with Level 1 protection
will need to be installed. 50 0.971 0.997 1.000 0.986 0.999 1.000 0.943 0.994 0.999
60 0.976 0.998 1.000 0.988 0.999 1.000 0.952 0.995 1.000
70 0.980 0.998 1.000 0.990 0.999 1.000 0.959 0.996 1.000
Isolated Flat Land Hill or Knoll Non-Isolated Flat Land Using the appropriate Efficiency Table for the tower height, se-
Ng efficiency efficiency efficiency lect the sub-column corresponding to the installation topography
– Isolated Flat Land, Hill or Knoll, or Non-isolated Flat Land.
Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc =
1/100 1/1000 1/10000 1/100 1/1000 1/10000 1/100 1/1000 1/10000 The data cell at the intersection of Flash Density value (Ng) row
0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001
and the Permitted Number of Critical Events (Nc) column will
indicate The Lightning System Efficiency “E”. If E is negative, no
1 0.143 0.914 0.991 0.572 0.957 0.996 -0.714 0.829 0.983 lightning protection is required.
2 0.572 0.957 0.996 0.786 0.979 0.998 0.143 0.914 0.991
3 0.714 0.971 0.997 0.857 0.986 0.999 0.429 0.943 0.994
IMPORTANT: If “E” is negative, no lightning protection is required.
4 0.786 0.979 0.998 0.893 0.989 0.999 0.572 0.957 0.996
5 0.829 0.983 0.998 0.914 0.991 0.999 0.657 0.966 0.997
6 0.857 0.986 0.999 0.929 0.993 0.999 0.714 0.971 0.997
7 0.878 0.988 0.999 0.939 0.994 0.999 0.755 0.976 0.998
8 0.893 0.989 0.999 0.946 0.995 0.999 0.786 0.979 0.998
9 0.905 0.990 0.999 0.952 0.995 1.000 0.810 0.981 0.998
10 0.914 0.991 0.999 0.957 0.996 1.000 0.829 0.983 0.998
11 0.922 0.992 0.999 0.961 0.996 1.000 0.844 0.984 0.998
12 0.929 0.993 0.999 0.964 0.996 1.000 0.857 0.986 0.999
13 0.934 0.993 0.999 0.967 0.997 1.000 0.868 0.987 0.999
14 0.939 0.994 0.999 0.969 0.997 1.000 0.878 0.988 0.999
15 0.943 0.994 0.999 0.971 0.997 1.000 0.886 0.989 0.999
16 0.946 0.995 0.999 0.973 0.997 1.000 0.893 0.989 0.999
17 0.950 0.995 0.999 0.975 0.997 1.000 0.899 0.990 0.999
18 0.952 0.995 1.000 0.976 0.998 1.000 0.905 0.990 0.999
19 0.955 0.995 1.000 0.977 0.998 1.000 0.910 0.991 0.999
20 0.957 0.996 1.000 0.979 0.998 1.000 0.914 0.991 0.999
30 0.971 0.997 1.000 0.986 0.999 1.000 0.943 0.994 0.999
40 0.979 0.998 1.000 0.989 0.999 1.000 0.957 0.996 1.000
50 0.983 0.998 1.000 0.991 0.999 1.000 0.966 0.997 1.000
60 0.986 0.999 1.000 0.993 0.999 1.000 0.971 0.997 1.000
70 0.988 0.999 1.000 0.994 0.999 1.000 0.976 0.998 1.000
Isolated Flat Land Hill or Knoll Non-Isolated Flat Land Refer to Table 5, the “Lightning Protection Level” and using the
Ng efficiency efficiency efficiency Efficiency (E) determine the Lightning Protection Level (LPL)
and corresponding peak lightning current discharge capability.
Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc = Nc =
1/100 1/1000 1/10000 1/100 1/1000 1/10000 1/100 1/1000 1/10000
Lightning Protection Level 1 provides highest level of protection
0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001 and Lightning Protection Level 4, the lowest level of protection.
1 0.352 0.935 0.994 0.676 0.968 0.997 -0.296 0.870 0.987
2 0.676 0.968 0.997 0.838 0.984 0.998 0.352 0.935 0.994 Table 5 - Lightning Protection Level
3 0.784 0.978 0.998 0.892 0.989 0.999 0.568 0.957 0.996
4 0.838 0.984 0.998 0.919 0.992 0.999 0.676 0.968 0.997 Efficiency Lightning Protection Level
5 0.870 0.987 0.999 0.935 0.994 0.999 0.741 0.974 0.997 E > 0.980 Lightning Protection Level 1
with additional measures
6 0.892 0.989 0.999 0.946 0.995 0.999 0.784 0.978 0.998
7 0.907 0.991 0.999 0.954 0.995 1.000 0.815 0.981 0.998 0.95 < E < = 0.98 Lightning Protection Level 1
8 0.919 0.992 0.999 0.960 0.996 1.000 0.838 0.984 0.998 0.90 < E < = 0.95 Lightning Protection Level 2
9 0.928 0.993 0.999 0.964 0.996 1.000 0.856 0.986 0.999 0.80 < E < = 0.90 Lightning Protection Level 3
10 0.935 0.994 0.999 0.968 0.997 1.000 0.870 0.987 0.999
0 < E < = 0.80 Lightning Protection Level 4
11 0.941 0.994 0.999 0.971 0.997 1.000 0.882 0.988 0.999
12 0.946 0.995 0.999 0.973 0.997 1.000 0.892 0.989 0.999
13 0.950 0.995 1.000 0.975 0.998 1.000 0.900 0.990 0.999
14 0.954 0.995 1.000 0.977 0.998 1.000 0.907 0.991 0.999
15 0.957 0.996 1.000 0.978 0.998 1.000 0.914 0.991 0.999
16 0.960 0.996 1.000 0.980 0.998 1.000 0.919 0.992 0.999
17 0.962 0.996 1.000 0.981 0.998 1.000 0.924 0.992 0.999
18 0.964 0.996 1.000 0.982 0.998 1.000 0.928 0.993 0.999
19 0.966 0.997 1.000 0.983 0.998 1.000 0.932 0.993 0.999
20 0.968 0.997 1.000 0.984 0.998 1.000 0.935 0.994 0.999
30 0.978 0.998 1.000 0.989 0.999 1.000 0.957 0.996 1.000
40 0.984 0.998 1.000 0.992 0.999 1.000 0.968 0.997 1.000
50 0.987 0.999 1.000 0.994 0.999 1.000 0.974 0.997 1.000
60 0.989 0.999 1.000 0.995 0.999 1.000 0.978 0.998 1.000
70 0.991 0.999 1.000 0.995 1.000 1.000 0.981 0.998 1.000
Select the appropriate model and quantity of the Type 1 lightning current Lightning and surge protection is intended to be placed between each phase
arrestor(s) required from Table 6. The selection method is described below: (hot line) conductor and ground, and possibly between ground and neutral, if
the distance between the neutral and ground bond is significant. Therefore the
The lightning arrestor peak current rating is the peak current carrying capabil-
voltage rating of the SPD is to be based on phase (hot line) to neutral values
ity of each pole or contact of the arrestor. It is generally assumed that the total
(since neutral and ground are connected at the main service panel, and hence
current the surge arrestor will end up carrying (cumulatively, in all its phases),
normally at the same potential).
is about 50% of the total lightning discharge current. Say, if there is 100kA
of peak discharge current due to lightning, 50kA will flow through ground, and Following table shows example lightning current arrestor recommendations
the other 50kA will be divided between L1, L2 and N, thus requiring the surge (single pole versions with spark-gap technology).
arrestor to be rated for ~16kA per phase.
Note: Lightning Current Arrestors from DEHN Inc. have been cited here, how-
This concept of lightning current division is described in Reference (3) listed ever, comparable arrestors from other companies may be utilized.
at the end of the lightning protection description.
Table 6 - Type 1 Lightning Current Arrestor Recommendations: One Pole Versions (spark-gap technology)
Efficiency Lightning Peak Lightning 120/240V split 1-ph and 230V, 1-ph system
Protection Level Current Discharge/ 120/208V system (L, N, G)
(LPL) Sinking Capability (L1, L2, N, G)
E > 0.980 LPL with added 200kA DEHNbloc Maxi 150 (DB M 1 150), DB M 1 255, AT LEAST one
measures AT LEAST one each L1-G, L2-G, N-G each between L-G, N-G
0.95 < E < = 0.98 LPL 1 200kA DB M 1 150, one each DB M 1 255, one each
between L1-G, L2-G, N-G between L-G, N-G
0.90 < E < = 0.95 LPL 2 150kA DB M 1 150, one each between DB M 1 255, one each
L1-G, L2-G (N-G optional) between L-G, N-G
0.80 < E < = 0.90 LPL 3 100kA DB M 1 150, one each DB M 1 255, one between
between L1-G, L2-G L-G (N-G optional)
0 < E < = 0.80 LPL 4 100kA DB M 1 150, one each DB M 1 255, one between
between L1-G, L2-G L-G (N-G optional)
Issued to:
Southwest Windpower Inc
1801 W Rte 66
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
United States
representative samples of Component inverter for use with Skystream wind turbine, Utility Interactive Ready
Only those products bearing the UL Recognized Component Marks for the U.S. and Canada should be considered as being covered by UL's
Recognition and Follow-Up Service and meeting the appropriate U.S. and Canadian requirements.
The UL Recognized Component Mark for the U.S. generally consists of the manufacturer’s identification and catalog number, model number or other product
designation as specified under “Marking” for the particular Recognition as published in the appropriate UL Directory. As a supplementary means of identifying
products that have been produced under UL’s Component Recognition Program, UL’s Recognized Component Mark: , may be used in conjunction with the
required Recognized Marks. The Recognized Component Mark is required when specified in the UL Directory preceding the recognitions or under “Markings” for
the individual recognitions. The UL Recognized Component Mark for Canada consists of the UL Recognized Mark for Canada: and the manufacturer’s
identification and catalog number, model number or other product designation as specified under “Marking” for the particular Recognition as published in the
appropriate UL Directory.
Representative samples of the SkyStream Inverter as specified on this certificate were evaluated and
tested according to all current UL 1741 requirements. All Testing was performed on representative
samples of the Wind Turbine system including tests to certify the Nacelle as a suitable enclosure. Unit
has been tested and meets all requirements for Utility Interactive operation in accordance with:
- UL 1741, Standard for Safety for Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System
Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources, 1st Ed., Revised: November 7, 2005
- IEEE 1547-2003 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems;
-IEEE 1547.1-2005 Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed
Resources with Electric Power Systems, dated: June 2003
- CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.107.1-01, 3rd Ed., General Use Power Supplies, dated: September 2001