Active and Passive Voice

Active sentence (active voice) is a sentence where the subject of his doing the work, by contrast, the passive voice (passive voice) is a sentence where the subject of his work are the object of the sentence. Active voice is more often used in everyday life compared with the passive voice. However, often we find the passive voice in newspapers, articles in magazines and scholarly writings. Passive voice is used as the object of the active voice is more important information than its subject. Example: Active: We fertilize the soil every 6 months Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months From this example we can see that: 1. Object of the active voice (the soil) became the subject of the passive voice 2. Subject of the active voice (we) became the object of the passive voice. Note also that there is a change of subject pronoun 'we' becomes the object pronoun 'us'. 3. Verb1 (fertilize) the active voice becomes verb3 (fertilized) in the passive voice. 4. He added that be 'is' in front verb3. Be used is dependent on the subject of passive voice and tenses used. (Note the passive voice patterns below). 5. He added the word 'by' behind verb3. However, if the object of the passive voice is considered not important or unknown, then the object is usually not mentioned and so is the word 'by'. 6. Especially for progressive sentences (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, and past perfect continuous future, need to add 'being' in front verb3). If not added "being", tensisnya will change, not progressive / continuous again. Consider the examples in point h - o below. Based on the six points above the passive voice followed the pattern as follows: Verb3 + Subject + be + by + Object + modifier

The pattern of active and passive voice in every tense a. If the active voice in simple present tense, then 'be' it is the passive voice is, am or are. Example: Active: He meets Them everyday. Passive: They are met by him everyday. Active: She waters this plant every two days. Passive: This plant is watered by her every two days. b. If the active voice in simple past tense, then 'be' passive voice-it is was or were the resource persons Example: Active: He met yesterday Them Passive: They were the resource persons met by him yesterday Active: She watered this plant this morning Passive: This plant was watered by her this morning

c. If the active voice in present perfect tense, then 'be' passive voice it is been placed after the auxiliary has or have, so it becomes 'has been' or 'have been' Example: Active: He has met Them Passive: They have been met by him Active: She has watered this plant for 5 minutes. Passive: This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes. d. If the active voice in the past perfect tense, then 'be' passive voice it is been placed after the auxiliary had, so to be Had been Example: Active: He Had Met Them before I CAME. Passive: They Had been met by him before I CAME. Active: She Had watered this plant for 5 minutes Pls I got here Passive: This Had plants been watered by her for 5 minutes Pls I got here e. If the active voice in the simple future tense, then 'be' passive voice is to be his Example: Active: He Will meet tomorrow Them. Passive: They Will be met by him tomorrow. Active: She Will this water plant this afternoon. Passive: This Will plant be watered by her this afternoon. Active: The Farmers are going to harvest the crops next week Passive: The crops are going to be harvested by the Farmers next week. f. If the active voice in the future perfect tense, then 'be' passive voice it is been placed after the auxiliary Will have, so it becomes 'Will have been' Example: Active: He Met Them Will have before I get there tomorrow. Passive: Will They have been met by him before I get there tomorrow. Active: She Will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon. Passive: This Will plants have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon. g. If the active voice in the future past perfect tense, then 'be' passive voice-it is been placed after the auxiliary would have, so it becomes 'would have been'. Example: Active: He would have met Them. Passive: They would have been met by him. Active: She would have watered this plant. Passive: This plant would have been watered by her. h. If the active voice in present continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice is (is, am or are) + being. Example: Active: He is meeting Them now. Passive: They are being met by him now. Active: She is watering this plant now. Passive: This plant is being watered by her now.

i. If the active voice in the past continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice is (was or were the resource persons) + being. Example: Active: He was meeting Them. Passive: They were the resource persons being met by him. Active: She was watering this plant. Passive: This plant was being watered by her. j. If the active voice in perfect continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice is (has / have) been + being. Example: Active: He has been meeting Them. Passive: They have been being met by him. Active: She has been watering this plant. Passive: This plant has been watered by her being. k. If the active voice in the past perfect continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice-it is Had been + being. Example: Active: He Had been meeting Them. Passive: They Had been being met by him. Active: She Had been watering this plant. Passive: This plant being watered by Had been her. l. If the active voice in the future continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice-it was Will be + being. Example: Active: He Will be meeting Them. Passive: They Will be being met by him. Active: She Will be watering this plant. Passive: This plant will of some being watered by her. m. If the active voice in the future past continuous tense, then 'be' it is the passive voice would be + being. Example: Active: He would be meeting Them. Passive: They would be being met by him. Active: She would be watering this plant. Passive: This plant would be being watered by her. n. If the active voice in the future perfect continuous tense, then 'be' passive voice is the will of his have been + being. Example: Active: He will of Them have been meeting. Passive: Will They have been being met by him. Active: She Will have been watering this plant. Passive: This Will plant have been being watered by her.

o. If the active voice in the past future perfect continuous tense, then 'be' it is the passive voice would have been + being. Example: Active: He would be meeting Them. Passive: They would be being met by him. Active: She would be watering this plant. Passive: This plant would be being watered by her. Other examples: 1. Koko's nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Koko's nose was bleeding. He was beaten by his friend right on the nose). 2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Indonesia football team was defeated by the Saudi Arabian team). 3. These plants were the resource persons watered by my sister A Few minutes ago. (The plants are watered by my brother a few minutes ago). 4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (There is no food left. Everything had been eaten away by Yeyes). 5. Home is studied by all high school students. (English learned by all advanced high school students (high school). That's all. To find out your understanding of active and passive voice sentence, please do

Active and Passive Voice

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan seharihari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya. Contoh :

Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa: 1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice 2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun we menjadi object pronoun us. 3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice. 4. Ditambahkannya be is di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah). 5. Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata by. 6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan being di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan being, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h o di bawah. Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut: Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis

a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are. Contoh:

Active : He meets them everyday. Passive : They are met by him everyday. Active : She waters this plant every two days. Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah was atau were Contoh:

Active : He met them yesterday Passive : They were met by him yesterday Active : She watered this plant this morning Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning

c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi has been atau have been Contoh:

Active Passive Active Passive

: He has met them : They have been met by him : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes. : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been Contoh:

Active : He had met them before I came. Passive : They had been met by him before I came. Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah be Contoh:

Active : He will meet them tomorrow. Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow. Active : She will water this plant this afternoon. Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon. Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi will have been

Contoh:

Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow. Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow. Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon. Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi would have been. Contoh:

Active : He would have met them. Passive : They would have been met by him. Active : She would have watered this plant. Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.

h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being. Contoh:

Active : He is meeting them now. Passive : They are being met by him now. Active : She is watering this plant now. Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.

i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being. Contoh:

Active : He was meeting them. Passive : They were being met by him. Active : She was watering this plant. Passive : This plant was being watered by her.

j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being. Contoh:

Active : He has been meeting them. Passive : They have been being met by him.

Active : She has been watering this plant. Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.

k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah had been + being. Contoh:

Active : He had been meeting them. Passive : They had been being met by him. Active : She had been watering this plant. Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.

l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah will be + being. Contoh:

Active : He will be meeting them. Passive : They will be being met by him. Active : She will be watering this plant. Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.

m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah would be + being. Contoh:

Active : He would be meeting them. Passive : They would be being met by him. Active : She would be watering this plant. Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being. Contoh:

Active : He will have been meeting them. Passive : They will have been being met by him. Active : She will have been watering this plant. Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.

o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voicenya adalah would have been + being.

Contoh:

Active : He would be meeting them. Passive : They would be being met by him. Active : She would be watering this plant. Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

Contoh-contoh yang lain: 1. Kokos nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya). 2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi). 3. These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu). 4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes). 5. English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA). Thats all. Untuk mengetahui pemahaman anda dalam kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif, silakan kerjakan