GE Digital Energy Monitoring & Diagnostics

Product Presentation
Intellix BMT 300
TM

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 1

Bushing failure
Bushings have been identified as the cause of about 15% of all transformer failures

According to Doble, the leading cause of >100MVA transformer failure is bushing failure (35%) A Western Power survey of 2096 transformer failures in ANZ found that bushing were only second to OLTC as the initially source of failure. Over 50% of failures are catastrophic, leading to: Total loss of the transformer Environmental issues due to oil release Likely property damage Possible human casualties
BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 2

Why on-line monitoring ?

Periodic testing is simply not enough: Periodic testing is not without cost: it takes time, ties up workers and requires an outage It is performed at lower voltages (10kV) and under very different temperature conditions (due to absence of load) Because of the need for an outage, it is performed at best every year and most likely every 2-5 years Most importantly, periodic testing misses quickly progressing (over weeks to months) problems that can arise between tests On-line bushing monitoring systems can now continuously check for and detect developing faults at an early stage, enabling to plan and schedule an outage for maintenance/replacement and prevent a catastrophic failure from occurring.
BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 3

Intellix BMT 300

What is it ? An on-line system that : continuously monitors the condition of transformer bushings and detects the presence of Partial Discharge (PD) activity in the main transformer tank.

It will alert personnel of developing fault conditions at an early stage and provide vital additional health information on the bushings and the transformer.

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 4

How it works
The BMT 300 connects to the 3x HV bushing tapping points using custom made adaptors. Option for both HV and LV bushings (6 bushings). Using the same adaptor, it measures leakage current , low/power frequency signals (used for BM) and high frequency signals (used for PD).

Additional sensors are used: - Ultra precise GPS timing signal - Ambient temperature & humidity - Top oil temperature - CT on neutral
Uses the same PERCEPTION software (as used by TRANSFIX products) to visualize and analyze the results for: Bushing status (% change in C1, % change in PF) Presence of Partial Discharge activity

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 5

BMT 300 View of an installed unit

Can also connect to 6 bushings: 3 HV + 3 LV
Bushing adaptors tapping point

Cable in red is RG58 coax cable

Top oil temperature sensor

Ambient temperature sensor

Humidity sensor High frequency current transformer on neutral bushing

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 6

How does it work ?

Basic premises:

We, like all other on-line systems, work on the assumption that: The 3 bushings are part of a 3 phase system The load on all 3 bushings is fairly similar Phase difference between phases assumed to be ~120o and consistent The 3 bushings are very similar Not two bushings will fail simultaneously
We are therefore looking for the bushing which characteristics are changing significantly compared to the initial install value and more than the other two.

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 7

Bushing - Capacitance C1
First we calculate what the reference leakage current should be for the baseline C1 value measured when the bushing was installed. We then continuously measure the leakage current of each bushing from the test tap and calculate the % change in current which is the same as the change in capacitance C1. We then plot the percentage change in C1 value. This is indicative of a loss in dielectric efficiency: Nameplate C1 +/-5% - bushing acceptable Nameplate C1 +/-5% to +/-10% - monitor bushing Nameplate C1 +/-10% or greater - replace bushing To make it easier to see the largest change of the 3 and to eliminate load and temperature that affect all 3 bushing, we use a polar plot where we plot the sum of the three vectors, each vector with magnitude equal to the percentage change.

The affected bushing appears clearly, bushing B in this case, with the change in current/capacitance

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 8

Bushing Power Factor PF

We measure the time difference when the sine wave of each current phase crosses the origin. This timing difference is converted into a relative angle difference between the phases.
In a perfect world, phase B is delayed 120 after phase A and phase C is delayed 240. Because an increase in PF results in a reduction of the phase delay (negative change in angle), the phase with the most angle difference compared to the others is identified as having the largest relative PF change. We calculate the relative percentage PF difference compared to the original reference PF. This is indicative of a deterioration of the integrity of the insulation:

Up to 150% of nameplate PF - bushing acceptable From 150% to 200% of nameplate PF - monitor bushing Above 200% increase in nameplate PF - replace bushing
BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 9

Partial Discharge - PD
The high frequency signals associated with Partial Discharge activity in the transformer are detected from the HV bushing adapter. They are then discriminated against to try and ensure that the PD detected is internal to the transformer and not external (corona discharge). A final discrimination check can be done manually by comparing PD activity changes with the humidity correlation factor. The system records: the number of PD events (PD count) - in units the average amplitude of the PD pulses (PD value) in pC

Utility value It then calculates the Partial Discharge Index (PDI) in mW to represent the average apparent PD power over a pre-defined period.
BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 10

Outside influence - bushings

The big issue with bushing monitoring is avoiding false positives: making sure that we dont raise an alarm when outside factors affect the bushing parameters that we measure but do not indicate a deterioration of the bushing. An increase in power being carried will increase the temperature of the oil and the bushing temperature. The leakage current will increase and this must not be mistaken for a change in capacitance. Ambient temp. changes (nigh/day) will also have the same influence, due to dimensional changes/expansion. Same for a tap change on transformers with tap changers, which will be change the current. To avoid this, we: 1. Correlate the change of C1 value relative to the change in temp. of the bushing and relate it to the nameplate C1 always measured at 20oC. 2. Use the polar plot method to display any changes and set the alarms so that any increase seen by all 3 bushing simultaneously is disregarded.
BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 11

Outside influence - PD
PD being very rapid to develop means that a shutdown is required quickly after it is detected. Unfortunately, PD can also be generated externally to the transformer through Corona discharge in the environment. This occurs during electrical storms in high humidity environments, especially with rain and wind. To make sure that we dont raise false alarm, we will use 3 discrimination methods: 1. Polar plots. Corona will affect all bushing to the same extent and any PD appearing on all 3 bushings equally will be negated. 2. Correlation with humidity. Comparing increases in PD linked to increases in the Humidity correlation factor to detect corona. 3. Pulse Polarity Detection. Comparing the direction of the signals received from the bushing adapters with that of the neutral CT. Same polarity: external, Opposite polarity: internal.
BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 12

Polar plots
In a polar plot, the measured value for each of the three bushings/phases are shown as vectors at angles 0o (phase A), 120o (phase B), 240o (phase C) . The magnitudes at a particular time are the percentage difference of the measured value compared to the reference value. By plotting the vector sum of the three differences on the polar plot, any common cause affecting all 3 bushings will be eliminated and the difference in the affected bushing will appear much more clearly. Evolution over time is also shown by the darkening of the blue vector colour.

Here clearly there is difference of up to 0.4% compared to nominal for bushing B compared to the others.

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 13

Alarms
Alarms Alarms can be set for two different warning levels: caution (Hi) and danger (Hi-Hi). Alarms can be set on: Capacitance % change Power Factor % change PD Counts PD value Partial Discharge Index value PDI rate of change Separate service alarm

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 14

Bushing Adaptor & Cable

The Bushing Adapters are all made to measure for each bushing, for: Physical connection - to make sure we get proper contact Electrical protection safety, see next slide It is important to obtain this information from the customer and to ensure it is correct for all 3 bushings (one may have ben replaced)

RG58C/U coaxial cable is used (Belden part no: 8262) to connect from each adapter (x3) and from neutral CT to the BMT cabinet. Cable is run in sealed conduit. Cable can be purchased in rolls of 150m (500ft).
BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 15

Bushing Adaptor Safety

1) Bushing must be effectively earthed if cable becomes open circuit 2) Voltage at remote end of cable is always limited
Redundant resistors in bushing adaptor ensure that tap point has connection to ground at all times and limit voltage in cable to 5V. Unit can detect if one fails By the resistors, in normal operation, to <10V By the two GDTs, in the event of a lightning strike, to <90V for a few micro seconds

Resistor

Resistor

GDT

GDT

Gas Discharge Tubes (GDT)

Redundant Resistors
BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 16

User Interface
HMI Sunlight visible colour LED indicators for power and the status of the 3 alarm relays

Software Results can be downloaded and visualized using GEs Perception software

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 17

Outputs
Digital Modbus RTU/ASCII protocol over isolated RS-485 Comms Option 1: Fiber Optic Modbus RTU over serial multimode Fiber Optic (ST connector) instead of standard output Comms Option 2: Multi-master option Modbus TCP over Ethernet (RJ-45 connector) or Modbus TCP over multimode 10Mbps Fiber Optic (ST) Relays 3 dry contact relays Used for warning (Hi), alarm (hi-Hi) and service

Local comms for setup USB port Analog Outputs None

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 18

Application 1 - Integrated with Transfix with standard comms

Communicates to Perception only No SCADA connectivity (only one master) Uses pass-through mode in Transfix 1.6
Transfix 1.6

Perception

RS485

DGA data and trending Bushing data, trending and polar plots
.

Note: If need to connect to more than one Master: Perception and something else (like a SCADA system), you must use the Multi-Master option (see next slide).

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 19

Application 2 - Integrated with Transfix with comms option 2

Communicates to Perception and SCADA system Ethernet connection
RTU/SCADA Perception

Modbus TCP

Modbus TCP

LAN
Modbus TCP

MULTINET FE

Ethernet 10 Mbps

RS-485

Modbus RTU

Multinet FE mounted inside BMT 300 enclosure

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 20

Application 3 Multiple users with Communication Option 2

Fiber Optic connection to LAN (with F.O./RJ45 switch within the LAN) Maximum of 3 master stations over Modbus TCP
RTU/SCADA 2 RTU/SCADA 1 PERCEPTION

RJ45 Modbus TCP FIBRE OPTIC RJ45 Modbus TCP Modbus TCP

LAN
ETHERNET FIBRE OPTIC

MULTINET FE Modbus RTU RS 485

Note: only one 10Mbps Ethernet connection at a time to the LAN: Fibre Optic or RJ45

Multinet FE mounted inside BMT 300 enclosure .

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 21

Applications
Customers:
T&D utilities Industrials Transformer manufacturers And not just for transformers

but for any asset with oil filled bushing that are part of a 3 phase system e.g. CTs, switches,
BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 22

M&D Integrated Solution Substation Application

BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 23

BMT 300 Benefits

Bushing Monitoring
Advance warning of bushing needing maintenance/replacement Avoids catastrophic bushing failure and often full transformer loss Enables Condition Based Maintenance (CBM)

Partial Discharge Detection

Feature engineered using the same tap adaptor Advance warning of possible arcing in main transformer tank

Integration with TRANSFIX multi-gas DGA units

Provides a complete transformer solution to effectively monitor the majority of root causes of transformer failures. Uses same PERCEPTION software to visualize data Less vendors installing equipment in your switchyard Single-vendor integrated solution that works/communicates
BMT 300 - Product presentation v9 - April 2013 - slide 24

Questions ?