Danai Th.

Zaire (dz262,CRP)__________________Introduction to Methods of Planning Analysis CRP5250 1)A) Title: Ithaca Considers Repeal of Minimum Parking Requirements, The Cornell Daily Sun Link: http://www.cornellsun.com/section/news/content/2013/02/05/ithaca-considers-repeal-minimumparking-requirements Central Decision Criteria: At this article the planning policy that is being discussed is the "Repeal of the Minimum Parking Requirements" in the city of Ithaca. The central decision criteria were: More effectively spend of the city funds allocated to the parking operations (the city loses approximately $1 million every year from inefficient parking operations), the maximization of the potential revenue from the citys parking resources and the promotion of the development (current parking laws are an obstacleto development). B) Title: Plans Emerge for First Ithaca Mosque, The Cornell Daily Sun Link: http://cornellsun.com/section/news/content/2013/02/06/plans-emerge-first-ithaca-mosque Central Decision Criteria: After almost 30 years of planning and fundraising, Ithacas Islamic community has raised enough money to build the first mosque in the area Central decision Criteria: The lack of a common prayer space for the Muslim population of Ithaca (The mosque will not only provide a common prayer space but also allow community members to connect to each other, Its been a huge problem [not having a permanent place of worship]; you get disconnected from other Muslims,). C) City of Ithaca Receives $300,000 to Improve Road Safety, The Cornell Daily Sun Link: http://cornellsun.com/section/news/content/2013/01/25/city-ithaca-receives-300000-improveroad-safety Central Decision Criteria: Safety reasons(The city will focus on improving the safety of roads, The city hopes that the initiative will encourage students to bike to school and aid the greater Ithaca community) D) Ithaca to receive plans for new West Hill development, Democrat and Chronicle http://www.democratandchronicle.com/article/CB/20130205/NEWS01/302050092/Ithaca-receiveplans-new-West-Hill-development Central Decision Criteria: Housing needs, development E) Ithaca: Property owners voice concerns about Old Elmira Road project, Ithaca Times http://www.ithaca.com/news/article_b3692f20-6bfd-11e2-97c7-001a4bcf887a.html Central Decision Criteria: Safety reasons (Update Old Elmira Road with sidewalks, curbing and bike lanes, from the roundabout to Route 13) (For the whole articles see at the back) 1

Danai Th. Zaire (dz262,CRP)__________________Introduction to Methods of Planning Analysis CRP5250 2)Quick analysis: Mosque, Road Safety. Easier contemporary challenges, where the funding exists and there are not objections. A set of systematic procedures or policy analysis methods (basic methods) can be used to address these challenges, yielding quick results and yielding to good decisions. Researched analysis: Parking requirements, WestHill development, Elmira road project. More complex and multifaceted problems that require multiple and not single, analytical approaches. There are a lot of factors to take into consideration (see objections, limited funding, different visions from the comprehensive plan etc). 3) Political importance ranking: Parking requirements, WestHill development, Elmira road project, Road Safety, creation of Mosque Importance to society ranking: Road Safety, creation of Mosque, Parking requirements, WestHill development, Elmira road project The "Parking requirements, WestHill development and Elmira road project" challenges are related to development and will possibly ameliorate the city's budget. Also, developers and constructors will be pleased so the mayor can have great benefit by addressing these challenges. The other two challenges can have better and more positive effects to the society (safe roads, children cycle to schools, a place for people to pray) but don't really add to the city's budget and their social benefit is bigger than the economical. Also, these challenges address to a smaller part of the overall population (Muslims and children). According to my opinion the challenges that should be addressed first are these related to the safety (road safety and Elmira road project) as the safety of the citizens s a matter of great importance and then the "Parking requirements" (which applies to the whole city and can benefit all the citizens) and the "WestHill development" (focus on specific area, bigger project) that can bring money to the city (unfortunately a necessity during these difficult, financially, times) and finally the creation of the Mosque which only applies to a small, but not less important, segment of the city's population. 4)a) For a=1, Y=K: The production function exhibits constant returns to scale (CRS) as if the amount of capital invested is doubled, the output is also doubled. (Y=f(c*X)=c*f(X), in our situation PL=n*K0=n*P0) b)For a=10, Y=K10: The production function exhibits increasing returns to scale (IRS) as if the amount of capital invested is doubled, the output is more than doubled. (Y=f(c*X)>c*f(X)), in our situation PL=(n*K0)10=n10*P0) c) For a=0.5, Y=K0.5=K: The production function exhibits decreasing returns to scale (DRS) as if the amount of capital invested is doubled, the output is more than doubled. (Y=f(c*X)<c*f(X)), in our situation PL=(n*K0)0.5=n*P0) 5)The production function is Y=L3K. If Y=LK then =3 and =1. We know that: If + = 1, the production function has constant returns to scale: Doubling capital K and labor L will also double output Y. If + < 1, returns to scale are decreasing,

Danai Th. Zaire (dz262,CRP)__________________Introduction to Methods of Planning Analysis CRP5250 and if + > 1 returns to scale are increasing. so : a)False b)True c)True Also, another solution: Plan=Y=L3K Let's set c=2 (we double L and K) PlanNEW=(2L)3*(2K)1=8L3*2K=16L3K=16Plan The production function exhibits increasing returns to scale (IRS) as if the amount of capital invested is doubled, the output is more than doubled (16*). 6) As the utility function is U=YH*YE the level of healthcare output is: YH=U/YE For U=5 : YH=5/YE U 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 YE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 For values of education YE=1,2,...,20 the values of YH are: YH 5 2.5 1.666667 1.25 1 0.833333 0.714286 0.625 0.555556 0.5 0.454545 0.416667 0.384615 0.357143 0.333333 0.3125 0.294118 0.277778 0.263158 0.25
6 5 Health 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Education

For U = 5

b) MRS=dYH/dYE=-U/YE2=-5/YE2: U 5 5 5 5 YE YH 1 5 2 2.5 3 1.666667 4 1.25 MRS -5 -1.25 -0.55556 -0.3125 3

Danai Th. Zaire (dz262,CRP)__________________Introduction to Methods of Planning Analysis CRP5250 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 0.833333 0.714286 0.625 0.555556 0.5 0.454545 0.416667 0.384615 0.357143 0.333333 0.3125 0.294118 0.277778 0.263158 0.25 -0.2 -0.13889 -0.10204 -0.07813 -0.06173 -0.05 -0.04132 -0.03472 -0.02959 -0.02551 -0.02222 -0.01953 -0.0173 -0.01543 -0.01385 -0.0125

The marginal rate of substitution is the rate at which a person is willing to give up education in exchange for health while maintaining the same level of utility. As one moves down (from left to right at the X-axis) at the indifference curve, the marginal rate of substitution decreases (as measured by the absolute value of the slope of the indifference curve, which decreases). This means that as the education increases, the less the person will want it. c) The "convexity" implies that the individual prefers mixes of goods to extremes. Graphically, convexity of preferences means we can draw a straight line (AB) connecting any two points on an indifference curve and any point on that line will be preferred (has higher utility) to any point on the indifference curve.

Danai Th. Zaire (dz262,CRP)__________________Introduction to Methods of Planning Analysis CRP5250 7) a) We know that LE + LH=20 so LH=20- LE. (1). Also, YE=LE and YH=(LH)2 (2). If we combine (1) and (2) : YH=(20-YE)2. So: L 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 LE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 LH 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 YE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 YH 400 361 324 289 256 225 196 169 144 121 100 81 64 49 36 25 16 9 4 1 0

b)

450 400 350 Healthcare 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Education 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Danai Th. Zaire (dz262,CRP)__________________Introduction to Methods of Planning Analysis CRP5250 c,d) MRT= d(YH)/d(YE)=dYH/dU(YE)*dU(YE)/d(YE)= 2U(YE)*(-1)=-2U(YE )=-40+2YE so: L LE LH YE YH MRT 20 0 20 0 400 -40 20 1 19 1 361 -38 20 2 18 2 324 -36 20 3 17 3 289 -34 20 4 16 4 256 -32 20 5 15 5 225 -30 20 6 14 6 196 -28 20 7 13 7 169 -26 20 8 12 8 144 -24 20 9 11 9 121 -22 20 10 10 10 100 -20 20 11 9 11 81 -18 20 12 8 12 64 -16 20 13 7 13 49 -14 20 14 6 14 36 -12 20 15 5 15 25 -10 20 16 4 16 16 -8 20 17 3 17 9 -6 20 18 2 18 4 -4 20 19 1 19 1 -2 20 20 0 20 0 0 As MRT= d(YH)/d(YE)=-40+2YE 0 we have "Increasing returns to scale" (IRS). This means that the output increases by more than that proportional change in the inputs so for example in order to double education you need to give up more than double healthcare. As one moves down (from left to right at the X-axis) the absolute value decreases, exhibiting a diminishing marginal rate of transformation between healthcare and education. This means that as the education increases, the larger amount of healthcare has to be given up in order to have the same amount of increase in education. e)

Danai Th. Zaire (dz262,CRP)__________________Introduction to Methods of Planning Analysis CRP5250

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

8) In order to have the optimal choice: MRS=MRT

When YE=2 and YH=324: U=YE*YH=2*324=648 From (7,c) MRT=2YE-40=4-40=-36 MRS=-U/ YE2=-648/4=-162. So MRT MRS and this combination can't be planners optimal choice. b) When YE=18 and YH=4: U=YE*YH=18*4=62 MRT=2YE-40=2*18-40=-4 MRS=-U/ YE2=-62/182-0,19 So MRT MRS and this combination can't be planners optimal choice. c)In order the combination to be optimal it must be: MRS=MRT So: 2YE-40=-U/ YE2=> U=40 YE-2 YE3 7

Danai Th. Zaire (dz262,CRP)__________________Introduction to Methods of Planning Analysis CRP5250 U'=80 YE-6 YE2=0 so YE=40/313.33 (YE0). According to the indivisibility criterion: LE=YE = 13 (1) or LE=YE = 14 (2) So for LE= YE =13, LH=20-LE=7 and YH=(LH)2=49 or LE= YE =14, LH=20-LE=6 and YH=(LH)2=36 So the range of educational output is: 13 to 14 and for healthcare outpt is: 36 to 49. d) (i) The challenge of interdependency is being andressed as the outcome depends to preferences and resources as been described at the posibility frontier. There is always a trade-off between the two goods and in our situation more healthcare means less education. (ii) The challenge of indivisibility is being addressed as in our situation that the input is the labour, you can't hire half a person. (iii) The challenge of irreversibility is not addressed as this is a static model and at any time returning to a previous stage or reversing the condition is costless. (iv) The challenge of imperfect foresight is not addressed as there is uncertainty and we can't never have all the information that we need. Nothing is perfectly predictable. (For (iii) and (iv) we need to do decision analysis) 9) During my Erasmus program in the Netherlands I was working with a team of students on a workshop about the implementation of a strategy that included 4 different scenarios about the future water quantity management of the IJsselmeer region. Our goal was to develop 4 different scenarios and our "potential" client had to choose one of them. The scenarios were mutually exclusive as they had different goals and because of budget restrictions only one had to be implemented, every scenario had a possible probability of occurring depending to the client's priorities and there were complete as adding the probabilities of every scenario to be implemented equated 1 (100%). For example: P(Scenario 1 drainage): 0.3, P(Scenario 2 -water supply) :0.25 ,P(Scenario 3 -fisheries): 0.25 ,P(Scenario 4 recreation): 0.2. => P(S1)+P(S2)+P(S3)+P(S4)=1

Danai Th. Zaire (dz262,CRP)__________________Introduction to Methods of Planning Analysis CRP5250 Newspaper articles: A] Ithaca Considers Repeal of Minimum Parking Requirements

FEBRUARY 5, 2013 BY TYLER ALICEA After much debate, the Board of Public Works, the government body responsible for the City of Itha cas streets and sidewalks, unanimously approved a resolution Monday recommending the elimination of minimum parking requirements throughout all city zoning districts. Currently, city parking laws require developers to include one parking space for every two housing units created if they wish to construct buildings in Collegetown. Mayor Svante Myrick 09, a strong supporter of overhauling the citys parking laws, has previously said that the current laws increase the costs of housing in Ithaca. We know that mandating parking has helped make this city too expensive for working families by subsidizing the cost of vehicular ownership and increasing the cost of housing, he said in an email to the members of the Planning and Development Board in May. According to the Board of Public Works resolution, the city loses approximately $1 million every year from inefficient parking operations. Additionally, excess parking created through the minimum parking requirements competes with public parking, the resolution said. The Boards recommendation is intended to maximize potential revenue from the citys parking resources, the resolution added. Residents of Ithaca provided their input on the minimum parking requirement at the meeting Monday. Resident Tom Hanna lauded the resolution to repeal the minimum parking requirement, saying that the current parking laws are an obstacleto development. Future planning in Collegetown requires that we eliminate this requirement, he said. Opponents to the repeal have said that without a minimum parking requirement, excess cars will spillover into other neighbors rather than into the parking spaces created by developers. The repeal of the requirement might lead to dramatic changes with new housing projects being built in Ithaca. Josh Lower 05, the developer of a housing project at 307 College Ave., has been attempting to receive a parking variance, or an exemption from the citys parking laws, since he first proposed his project. His project, which would add 103 bedrooms to Collegetown, is currently not feasible without the variance because he would have to create 57 parking spaces for the proposed buildings residents. A repeal of the minimum parking law would bring his projec t one step closer to becoming a reality. The Board of Public Works resolution will also aim to address Ithacas parking problems by supporting a position the city recently created:director of parking. The position was created in order to better manage parking owned by the city. The positions target st art date is April 1, Myrick said at the meeting.

B] Plans Emerge for First Ithaca Mosque

FEBRUARY 6, 2013 BY JINJOO LEE After almost 30 years of planning and fundraising, Ithacas Islamic community has raised enough money to build the first mosque in the area something it hopes to see happen within the next three months. Weve been trying to raise money for the mosque since the 1980s, said Ahmed Ahmed, a senior research associate in the College of Veterinary Medicine. Ahmed said that the Muslim population in Ithaca and at Cornell consists of approximately 400 people. Fundraising within the small community which he said is made up of mostly students to build a mosque was difficult, he said. Now, with funds in place, Ahmed said that community members have decided to purchase a small building or piece of land, perhaps near The Shops at Ithaca Mall, to establish their mosque. If you start even with a small building, you can go to the [big mosques] in big cities and ask them for donations to increase the space. If we dont have a project, they wont give us anything, Ahmed said. This is the aim to start anything [so that] at least we can start with something. The mosque will not only provide a common prayer space but also allow community members to connect to each other, said Sana Siddiqui 13, president of the Muslim Education and Cultural Association, a campus organization. Its been a huge problem [not having a permanent place of worship]; you get disconnected from other Muslims, Siddiqui said. If you stay isolated, its difficult to connect to the larger community. Adam Abboud 14, vice president of the Islamic Alliance for Justice, echoed Siddiquis sent iments, saying that Ithaca has been long overdue in establishing a mosque.

Danai Th. Zaire (dz262,CRP)__________________Introduction to Methods of Planning Analysis CRP5250

Abboud said that he hopes the space will encourage interfaith activities among Muslims, Jews and Christians and allow community members, both Muslim and non-Muslim, to learn about Islam. The aim is not only to have a mosque but also to get an Islamic center, Ahmed said. A mosque would not only provide a permanent place for prayers but it would also provide spaces for learning about Islam, according to Ahmed. Ahmed said that although Muslims can pray at Anabel Taylor Hall on Cornells campus, the mosque would serve as a center so that people of [all ages] can come and learn about Islam. Students said that they have strongly felt the absence of a mosque in Ithaca strongly. As an Ithaca native ... I didnt have a place to go pray, Siddiqui said. Ive been in Ithaca for nine years now. Its a prob lem for families that live here. The closest mosque is more than an hour away, so I completely sympathize with their effort [to build a mosque]. Abboud agreed, saying that students need a place to gather to find religious guidance. I find it difficult not having an established mosque close to campus. Unlike many of our peer Ivy institutions, Cornell Musl ims do not have a chaplain or mosque to turn to for guidance in both the spiritual and personal realms, he said. The process of planning a mosque has faced its ups and downs through the years. Although the Islamic community launched its effort to build a mosque almost three decades ago, it was slowed down in 2001 after the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks, according to Ahmed. [The efforts to build the mosque] slowed down a little bit after September 11 ... because Muslims at the time were afraid to be involved in anything. After that, gradually, people learned that the government would not do anything with them, Ahmed said. In 2010, the community reenergized its effort to build the mosque with the help of younger members of the Muslim community, according to Ahmed. While initially only two or three people were involved in planning the mosque, now, young people are involved with us. At least 10 people [are involved in the planning] now. With young people, they have good ideas, and everybody is giving input, Ahmed said. In addition to the mosques lack of funding, community members could not use a mortgage to fund the mosque because of an Islamic law that prohibits the taking on of Riba, or interest. We have to get [the] mosque [to be built out of] pure money. Thats why we need to collect al most the whole thing until we buy it, Ahmed said. Finding a suitable space for the mosque near the University was also difficult. Spaces near campus are expensive, and zoning laws designate many buildings for residential use, according to Ahmed. Ahmed also said that few locations are able to accomodate the mosques parking demands, adding that he thinks the site would have to provide at least 15 parking spaces for its visitors.

C]City of Ithaca Receives $300,000 to Improve Road Safety

JANUARY 26, 2013 BY JONATHAN DAWSON The City of Ithaca and the Ithaca City School District received nearly $300,000 in federal funds in January to improve roadway safety and increase the number of children that walk or bike to school. The grant, called Safe Routes to School, will allow the city to repair and improve road signs, according to a City of Ithac a press release. The grant will also fund programs to make students and parents aware of ways to take advantage of these infrastructure improvements. [The proposal] has been based on the concept that we need to get kids moving and exercising, and this is the way to do it, said Margaret Boice, assistant superintendent for business services for the ICSD. Boice said the federal funds will sponsor activities that encourage students to get active on the way to school. For instance, Boice said, the city plans to hold programs such as Walk to School week, Bike to School week and a walking school bus, made up of parent volunteers who will accompany students to school. A large piece of how effective this project is how comfortable parents feel. If parents feel more comfortable, it has a bear ing on what students do, said Kent Johnson, junior transportation engineer for the City of Ithaca. Traffic calmed routes two-mile-radius areas around each of the three participating school where students can travel safely will be developed through the installation of traffic humps, speed limit reduction and way-finding signs, and pavement markings, according to the application for the grant. What we are striving for is to impact the relatively low number of people who are speeding along these streets along school routes, Johnson said. In addition to reducing the speed limit in certain areas, the city also plans to use the grand to purchase six new street signs, which will electronically display how fast drivers are going. There will be street signs with flashing lights, Boice said. Those seem to be the most effective at slowing people down. We will also get data to see if they are actually slowing down. Tenatively, the plans for construction will be finalized in 2014 and construction will begin in 2015, according to Johnson. The city will hold forums this year to gain community input on the project.

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Danai Th. Zaire (dz262,CRP)__________________Introduction to Methods of Planning Analysis CRP5250

Boice said that the bulk of the grant will fund infrastructure upgrades. $50,000 of the grant will support educational initiatives, according to the application for the project. Once educational programming is in place, hopefully, there will be enough interest to continue, Johnson said. The grant will also help put into place a Bike Boulevard Network an initiative that the city hopes will make biking easier and safer. The city hopes that the initaitive will encourage students to bike to school and aid the greater Ithaca community, according to Johnson. The grant will cover 90 percent of the funding for the initiative. The city will focus on improving the safety of roads around the Boynton Middle School, Beverly J. Martin Elementary School and Fall Creek Elementary School, according to the application for the project. With a great collaborative effort with the City of Ithaca, we were able to receive this grant, Boice said, adding that she hopes to continue collaborating with the city in the future.

D] Ithaca to receive plans for new West Hill development

Feb 5, 2013 ITHACA Before long, residents of Indian Creek Road could see about 70 new homes built for eco-friendly,

mixed-income neighbors. Cayuga Town Homes development would sit atop 26 acres of Tompkins County owned land near Cayuga Medical Center. Town officials are set to discuss the housing development during a public meeting at 4:30 p.m. Feb. 28 in Ithaca Town Hall, 215 N. Tioga St. Like Ecovillage, Cayuga Town Homes would emphasize renewable energy use within a pedestrian-style community. Homes would range from one-bedroom apartments to two-story townhouses, featuring a mix of renters and owners. Tompkins County Planning Commissioner Ed Marx said most units are planned to be affordable for people earning 60 percent of median income in the county. Ithaca Town Councilman Rich DePaolo said zoning would have to be changed for the housing development. That gives the town oversight as to how the land can be developed. DePaolo said the towns comprehensive plan aims to make the county land an industrial zone, and not high -density residential. Its not clear to me at this point how it (the proposed housing development) fits in with our overall c oncept of development in that area, he said. West Hill has long grappled with growing pains. From 2000 to 2010, the areas population increased by 22 percent, while the town as a whole only grew by 6.5 percent. Based on previous growth on East and South hills, West Hill development is estimated to occur over a period of several decades. In 2009, West Hill residents pushed against construction in their area because of traffic congestion. A West Hill development moratorium was enacted in June 2011, and lasted a year, while the town conducted a traffic study. Staff writer D.W. Nutt contributed to this report.

E] Ithaca: Property owners voice concerns about Old Elmira Road project

Posted: Thursday, January 31, 2013 6:26 pm | Updated: 8:50 am, Sat Feb 2, 2013. By Dialynn Dwyer reporter@ithacatimes.com |1 comment Property owners and members of the public weighed in on the Old Elmira Road Complete Streets project at a public information meeting held at the Tompkins County Public Library on Thursday, Jan. 31. City engineers gave an overview of the timeline for the project and design sketches that have been developed for the project so far. The city received a $680,000 grant from the Southern Tier Regional Economic Development Council to update Old Elmira Road with sidewalks, curbing and bike lanes, from the roundabout to Route 13. Since the citys current policy is to assess the adjacent property owner for 100 percent of the cost for the installation of sidewalks and 50 percent of the cost for the installation of new curbing, property owners along Old Elmira Road could see bills ranging from $1,000 to $57,000. During the meeting, property owners continued to express concerns about the effects the project will have on their businesses. Concerns about drainage and the safety were also raised. City engineers Tim Logue and Tom West said they are aiming to bring several design options for the Board of Public Works to consider at its meeting February 25. They encouraged property owners and other members of the public to continue to share comments about the project.

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