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YOUR POWER DELIVERY MEDIA SOURCE
T H E O F F I C I A L P U B L I C A T I O N O F
12 DistribuTECH Heads
to Brasil Again
33 Volt/VAR Optimization
and the Dynamic Grid
35 The Future of Demand
Side Management
1308pg_C1 1 8/5/13 3:05 PM
Go to http://pgi.hotims.com for more information.
1308pg_C2 2 8/5/13 3:05 PM
Go to http://pgi.hotims.com for more information.
1308pg_1 1 8/5/13 3:03 PM
PowerGrid International: ISSN 1547-6723,
is published 12 times per year (January,
February, March, April, May, June, July, August,
September, October, November and December)
by PennWell Corp., 1421 S. Sheridan Rd., Tulsa
OK 74112; phone 918.835.3161. Copyright
2013 by PennWell Corp. (Registered in U.S.
Patent Trademark Office). All rights reserved.
Authorization to photocopy items for internal
or personal use, or the internal or personal
use of specific clients, is granted by PowerGrid
International: ISSN 1085-2328, provided that
the appropriate fee is paid directly to Copyright
Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers,
MA 01923 USA, 978.750.8400. Prior to pho-
tocopying items for educational classroom use,
please contact Copyright Clearance Center,
222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA 01923 USA,
508.750.8400. Distributed to executives and
engineers in electric, water/wastewater and
gas utilities and pipeline companies around the
world. Periodicals Postage Paid at Tulsa, OK
and additional mailing offices. Subscription: $85
per year (U.S.), $94 (Canada/Mexico), $225
(international air mail). Back issues of PowerGrid
International may be purchased at a cost of
$13 each in the U.S. and $21 elsewhere. Copies
of back issues are also available on microfilm
and microfiche from University Microfilm, a Xerox
Co., 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48103.
Available on the NEXIS Service, Mead Data
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and other circulation information to PowerGrid
International, P.O. Box 3264, Northbrook, IL
60065-3240. Return undeliverable Canadian
addresses to P.O. Box 122, Niagara Falls, ON L2E
6S4 PowerGrid International is a registered
trademark of PennWell Corp. We make portions of
our subscriber list available to carefully screened
companies that offer products and services that
may be important for your work. If you do not want
to receive those offers and/or information, please
let us know by contacting us at List Services,
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OK 74101.
Member American Business Press.
BPA International.
Printed in the
U.S.A. GST No.
126813153
Publications Mail
Agreement No.
40052420
2 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com
AUGUST 2013 VOLUME 18.08
27
Youre on the Target
List of Cyber Thugs
Whether youre a Fortune 500 global
enterprise, government agency or small- to
mid-size business, youre on the target list
of todays cyber thugs. Even security-savvy
businesses with plenty of financial resources
and experts to protect themselves have fallen
victim to this threat. Dmitriy Ayrapetov with
Dell SonicWALL describes 10 steps to combat
cyber vulnerability.
18 Powering up VSAT
IDirects Alexandre Augstroze
writes about satellite
communications; often
referred to as VSAT. He
explains how satellite
communications
has enabled utilities
around the globe to
expand their network
reach as they develop
the smart grid.
20 Australian Utility Drives Network Efficiencies
through Customer Engagement
Western Power, like many network operators across the globe, is challenged
with ensuring its infrastructure has the capacity to meet increasing residential
peak demand. Rebecca Hargrave with Western Power in Western Australia
describes how the utility used its smart grid to implement an air conditioning
trial that benefits customers and reduces peak demand, allowing it to defer
network infrastructure investment.
25 High Stakes:
Power Companies and Cybersecurity
Jose Granado and Josh Axelrod with Ernst & Young LLP. describe how a
cyberattack targeting electric utilities might prove life-threatening. So far, no
U.S. electric utility has suffered a significant cyberattack, but a growing number
of utilities are taking steps to mitigate attacks. Are they doing enough?
29 Dynamic Pricing Meter Configuration Trade-offs
The main choice a utility faces when selecting meter hardware is whether
to purchase an index meter or load profile meter, which is capable of
measuring direct consumption, but is more expensive. Michael Price
and Michael Cleveland of Deloitte Consulting LLP reveal results from
Deloittes analysis of three technical configuration scenarios that compare
meter costs and capabilities.
33 Volt/VAR Optimization and the Dynamic Electric
Distribution Grid
Jason Lombardo with S&C Electric Company writes that todays electric
distribution grid is becoming more dynamic as distributed energy resources are
added to it. Distribution planning and engineering teams should consider this
as they plan to deploy volt/VAR optimization systems.
35 Reliability for Hire: Go Beyond Business
as Usual or Risk Obsolescence
Faced with an aging infrastructure, utilities are under pressure to optimize
asset replacement costs, improve operating efficiencies and meet regulatory
requirements for adopting smart grid technologies. Alyssa Farrell of SAS
explains why managing assets in the usual reactive fashion will not allow
utilities to meet growing business demands.
38 Products
40 From the Pages of Electricity History
From the Editor 4
Notes 6
DistribuTECH Brasil Preview 12
North Americas No. 1 electricity transmission
and distribution show, DistribuTECH Conference
& Exhibition expands into Brasil for the second
consecutive year, co-locating with HydroVision
Brasil and POWER-Gen Brasil. DistribuTECH Brasil
will feature more than 30 exhibiting companies and
40 plus expert speakers.
ISTOCKPHOTO/ AETB
1308pg_2 2 8/5/13 3:03 PM
Volt/VAR Optimization and the Dynamic Electric
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works reliably and effectively.
Thats why utilities that want a flexible and powerful smart grid system need eTWACS.
Aclaras eTWACS collects over 99 percent of meter reads and handles a wealth of
additional data, including interval reads, load control, outage data, billing, and
on-demand reads. How? The eTWACS protocol increases capacity through parallelism
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Want to know more? Contact Aclara and find out how eTWACS can turn your power
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Whats the secret to
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1308pg_3 3 8/5/13 3:03 PM
EDITOR IN CHIEF
Teresa Hansen
918.831.9504 teresah@pennwell.com
SENIOR EDITOR
Kristen Wright
918.831.9177 kristenw@pennwell.com
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Jennifer Van Burkleo
918.832.9269 jvanburkleo@pennwell.com
ONLINE/ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Jeff Postelwait
918.831.9114 jeffp@pennwell.com
GRAPHIC DESIGNER
Deanna Taylor
918.832.9378 deannat@pennwell.com
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATOR
Angie ODea
918.831.9431 angieo@pennwell.com
CIRCULATION MANAGER
June Griffin
918.832.9254 juneg@pennwell.com
SUBSCRIBER SERVICE
P.O. Box 3264, Northbrook, IL 63264
phone 847.559.7501
fax 847.291.4816 pgi@omeda.com
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, NORTH AMERICAN
POWER GENERATION GROUP
Richard Baker
918.831.9187 richardb@pennwell.com
PENNWELL CORP. IN EUROPE
PennWell International Limited
The Water Tower, Gunpowder Mill
Waltham Abbey, Essex EN9 1BN, United Kingdom
phone +44.1992.656600
fax +44.1992.656700
pennwelluk@pennwell.com
CHAIRMAN
Frank Lauinger
PRESIDENT/CEO
Robert F. Biolchini
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, FINANCE
& ADMINISTRATION (CFO)
Mark C. Wilmoth
1421 S. Sheridan Road, Tulsa, OK 74112
PO Box 1260, Tulsa OK 74101
Phone 918.835.3161 Fax 918.831.9834
pgi@pennwell.com
http://pennwell.com
POWERGRID International is the
offcial publication of
4 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com
EDITOR IN CHIEF
TERESA HANSEN
FROM THE EDITOR
Cyber Criminals are
Targeting you and Your Utility
I visited a relative in another state recently and was surprised to find that
my debit card didnt work at Target. I knew I had money in my account to
cover the transaction, but because it was Sunday, I couldnt call my bank. To
expedite my checkout, I gave the cashier my credit card. It was declined, too.
On Monday I called my bank and credit card company to find out
what was going on. I was told by both that the geographic area in which I
attempted to use my cards was flagged as a high-fraud area. Because I dont
normally shop in that area, holds were put on my cards. I realize they did
this to protect me, and Im glad, but I was inconvenienced, embarrassed and
a bit annoyed. To have someone hack into my checking account and clean
me out, or go on a spending spree and max out my credit card, or both,
would have been much worse, of course.
Cyber criminals are part of life. While they can create problems for indi-
viduals, their threat to utilities is much worse. This issue contains two articles
on cybersecurity. They address cyberattacks that occur routinely at electric
utilities, as well as the big one that could inflict major damage on all of us.
Utilities have ramped up and added more resources to prevent and
intercept such attacks, but they need help. Much of that help could come
from the government. (Yes, the government is here to helpreally.) While
clearer laws and regulations and, of course, money, could help, one of the
biggest benefits could come from information sharing. The government has
information about cyberthreats that if shared with electric utilities and other
industries could help them better protect their infrastructures. Thats why
EEI President Tom Kuhn issued a statement in a press release on July 30
praising the Senate Commerce Committee for its bipartisan passage of the
Cybersecurity Act of 2013. The bill covers several issues, but its main focus is
on public-private collaborations aimed at developing best practices and pro-
cesses for protecting critical infrastructures from cyber threats and attacks.
Kuhn said the Act is a bipartisan bill that acknowledges the important
roles of industry and government to secure cyber assets, and respects the
existing mandatory and enforceable cybersecurity standards that currently
govern the electric and nuclear sectors.
He also said it is another step in fostering improved government-industry
coordination to address the evolving cyber threats to critical infrastructure.
Cyber criminals are smart and sophisticated and arent going away, which
is why we cover the topic. In addition to articles, like those in this issue,
we routinely cover cybersecurity on our website, and we plan to offer a
cybersecurity webcast on Dec. 10. Weve also created a new cybersecurity
conference track for DistribuTECH in January. We are doing our best to keep
you in the know.
1308pg_4 4 8/5/13 3:03 PM
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NOTES
6 | August 2013
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GRIDWISE ALLIANCE REPORT:
LESSONS FROM SUPERSTORM SANDY, OTHER EXTREME EVENTS
neighborhood and get the lights back
on faster and at a lower cost.
The nations critical infrastructure is
becoming more interconnected, and
utilities must understand and plan for
this interdependence. Many people
depend on smart phones to manage
their lives more effectively. Using this
same cellular network for grid equip-
ment to automatically report its status
and for restoration crews working to
repair the grid to communicate their
efforts requires cellular networks to be
running during these events.
During Sandy, utilities received tweets
with pictures of downed power lines,
yet there was no way to tie these
pictures to their equipment and loca-
tions. The computer systems run by
utilities can be adapted to use these
social media feeds to update the grids
system conditions automatically and
reduce the time delay in responding.
Where there is a high penetration
of distributed energy resources, the
availability of these resources is limit-
ed during outages. New policies, rules
and operating procedures are needed
to safely leverage customer-owned
power sources during major outages
such as Sandy.
The GridWise Alliance, the leading
coalition advocating for the moderniza-
tion of the nations electric system, released
a report that outlines recommendations
to help alleviate the effects of large-scale
events on the U.S. electric system.
The recommendations are the direct
result of a workshop convened after
Superstorm Sandy during which represen-
tatives from 20 electric utilities from across
the U.S., along with suppliers and other
experts, shared their experiences and les-
sons learned in dealing with these events.
Disruptions to our power system from
large-scale events pose more than an incon-
venience in todays digital economy, said
Becky Harrison, GridWise Alliance CEO.
The United States depends
on a reliable, resilient, safe
and secure electric power
system, and when this ser-
vice is disrupted the impacts
are felt by all. Modernization
of the grid would help to
reduce these effects. The
GridWise Alliance report
identifies actions that can be
taken by utilities, policymak-
ers, emergency responders
and technology suppliers to improve the
resiliency of our electric power grid during
future extreme events.
Examples of key insights include:
New technologies deployed on the
electric grid pro-
vide utilities with
advanced remote
control and moni-
toring capabilities.
For example, smart
meters and smart
grid censors pro-
vide utilities with
visibility to actu-
ally know when
the lights are off
without waiting for
customers to pick
up the phone and
report outages.
Advances in
weather forecast-
ing combined with
better modeling of
damage caused by
these events could
enhance the utili-
ties ability to plan
their response
neighborhood by
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EYE ON THE WORLD
Itron Inc. has installed a combination of 25,000 smart water,
heat and gas meters and communication modules as well
as its fixed network for Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-
City in Tianjin, China, the company reported. The
comprehensive solution measures, collects and
analyzes data from water, heat and gas meters.
Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City is a flagship
government-to-government project between
Singapore and China. Established in 2007, it is
built on the vision of being a thriving city that is
socially harmonious, environmentally friendly and resource-
efficient. When completed in 2020, Sino-Singapore Tianjin
Memoori, a UK-based market research company, estimates
a $75 billion investment is needed to build a smart grid in
Brazil. This represents about a 4 percent share of the total
world expenditure. Expenditure on Brazilian transmission
and distribution projects in 2012 was some $2.75 billion
with most being spent on transmission build out. Investment
in pure smart grid has fallen and will extend beyond 2030.
Brazilian consumers have been paying more for their power
Eco-City is estimated to have some 350,000 residents.
Itrons EverBlu wireless fixed-network system, which has
provided data collection services to Sino-Singapore
Tianjin Eco-City for more than two years, enables
Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City to achieve its vision
of energy and water resource conservation by
providing actionable data such as high accuracy
readings and reading rates, automatic meter reading
and graphical data analysis to educate residents
about their energy and water usage. It also helps simplify
the billing process and provides detailed consumption information
that reduces billing disputes with end users.
than most countries, including China, Latin America the U.S.,
but in March prices fell between 18 to 32 percent, and this will
wipe out profit at the cheapest-producing hydroelectric plants.
Drought has reduced the capacity from these plants, and reserve
power from fossil-fueled plants has had to provide the shortfall.
Combine this with the high level of electricity theft, and the
question has to be asked: Where will the money come from to
invest in Brazils ambitious smart grid program?
Itron Technology Forms Foundation for Smart City Movement
in China With Sino-Singapore Eco-City Project in Tianjin
Brazils Smart Grid
CAN STOCK PHOTO INC. / ZHUKOVSKY

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1308pg_7 7 8/5/13 3:03 PM
NOTES
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HUDSON TRANSMISSION PROJECT AHEAD OF
SCHEDULE, PROVIDES NYC 660 MW OF ADDITIONAL
POWER, ENHANCED RELIABILITY
well ahead of schedule and therefore in
time for the summer peak-load period,
we want to thank many different parties
that helped achieve this result, especially
Governor Andrew Cuomo and his staff,
as well as Senator Chuck Schumer and
numerous federal, state and city agencies
such as the New York State Departments
of Public Service, Transportation, and
Environmental Conservation, the New
Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection, the New York District Army
Corps of Engineers, the city of New York,
and the Borough of Ridgefield, New Jersey.
In addition, we particularly want to
acknowledge the extraordinary teamwork
and cooperation of our customer the
New York Power Authority, our principal
contractors Siemens and Prysmian, Con
Edison, the regional transmission organiza-
tions PJM and NYISO, New Jersey utilities
PSE&G and First Energy, our investors and
lenders, and the many talented workers
who helped design, build and install the
project.
Using high-voltage direct current
(HVDC) technology, the electricity drawn
from the PJM grid is converted from ac to
dc power and then back to ac power at
a new converter station in Ridgefield for
maximizing reliability and controllability
in delivering power to Manhattan.
PROJECT FACTS
Hudson Transmission Partners LLC,
the developer, owner and operator
of the Hudson project, is responsible
for its planning, permitting, financ-
ing and construction. HTP is man-
aged by PowerBridge LLC of Fairfield,
Conn. HTP partners also include
Anbaric LLC of Wakefield, Mass.,
and Triton LLC of Portland, Maine.
PowerBridge LLC announced that its
affiliate, Hudson Transmission Partners
LLC (HTP), completed testing of its under-
ground and underwater, 660-MW electric
transmission project between Ridgefield,
N.J., and Manhattan and is delivering
power to customers in New York City.
The Hudson transmission project route
is about 7.5 miles long with a cable bundle
buried under the Hudson River for about
3.5 miles and buried underground for
some 4 miles, starting in Ridgefield, N.J.
The line connects to the Con Edison sys-
tem at the West 49th Street substation in
the heart of Manhattan and can provide
some 5 percent of New York Citys peak
demand. Project construction began in
May 2011 at a cost of some $850 million
and was completed six weeks ahead of
schedule despite two hurricanes.
The Hudson project is the second major
underwater transmission project com-
pleted by PowerBridge. The first was the
660-MW Neptune undersea transmission
project completed in June 2007, which
extends 65 miles between New Jersey
and Long Island. Neptune has supplied
some 20 percent of Long Islands electric-
ity needs since going into service. The
Hudson and Neptune projects provide
access to power from the PJM energy grid.
Like Neptune, the Hudson project
shows how this type of technology can
bring reliable electric power to densely
populated areas in a cost-effective, non-
controversial and environmentally friendly
way, said Edward M. Stern, president and
CEO of PowerBridge. It is also a great
example of public and private interests
working successfully in partnership to
expand and modernize the nations electric
system.
In completing this complex project
1308pg_8 8 8/5/13 3:03 PM
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The Hudson transmission project route is about 7.5 miles long with a cable bundle buried under
the Hudson River for about 3.5 miles and buried underground for approximately 4 miles, starting in
Ridgefield, N.J. The line connects to the Con Edison system at the West 49th Street substation in the
heart of Manhattan and is capable of providing about 5 percent of New York Citys peak demand.
Courtesy PRNewsFoto/PowerBridge LLC.
market in the U.S., totaling nearly
165,000 MW and serving about 60
million people in 13 states and the
District of Columbia. PJM accesses its
power from a wide range of sources
including hydroelectric, biomass, oil,
coal, wind, nuclear and natural gas.
Principal investors in the project are
Energy Investors Funds through its
United States Power Fund II, L.P.,
and Starwood Energy Investors LLC,
an affiliate of Starwood Energy Group
Global LLC.
PowerBridge developed, financed,
constructed and manages and oper-
ates the Neptune transmission proj-
ect that brings power from PJM to
Long Island via an undersea cable.
PowerBridge also is developing addi-
tional undersea and underground
transmission projects, including the
proposed West Point Transmission
project that features a 1,000-MW,
80-mile cable underneath the Hudson
River between Athens and Buchanan,
N.Y., that would provide access to less
expensive and renewable energy from
upstate New York for customers in
the New York City area.
Siemens Energy Inc. provided the
design, engineering, construction
and installation of the back-to-back
HVDC converter station in Ridgefield.
Siemens also will provide operation
and maintenance services for the
project in conjunction with its opera-
tion of Neptune.
Prysmian Cables and Systems USA
LLC supplied and installed the
approximately 7.5 miles of 345-
kV underwater and underground
cable that connects PJM with New
York City.
The Hudson cable bundle extends
from the PSE&G Bergen substation in
Ridgefield to the nearby HVDC con-
verter station, and then travels some
3.5 miles underground to Edgewater,
N.J., where it enters the Hudson
River. The cables make landfall on
Manhattans West Side, then travel
from West 52nd Street along the West
Side Highway to the Con Edison West
49th Street substation.
The PJM energy grid is the larg-
est competitive wholesale electricity
1308pg_9 9 8/5/13 3:03 PM
Deadline for nominations is Sept. 16, 2013.
Full rules and nomination form available at www.power-grid.com
Nominate your project today.
Dont miss your opportunity to participate in the 2014 Project of the Year Awards sponsored by
POWERGRID International magazine.
Awards will be given in the following categories:
Smart Grid Project of the Year
Customer Engagement Project of the Year
Demand Response/Energy Effciency Project of the Year
Renewable Grid Integration Project of the Year
Winners will be recognized in a 2014 issue of POWERGRID International magazine. A representative
from the winning utility must be present to accept the award during the POWERGRID International
and Electric Light & Power awards banquet on the evening of Jan. 27 at the Henry B. Gonzalez
Convention Center in San Antonio, Texas.
DistribuTECH 2014 is Jan. 28-30 in San Antonio, Texas.
CALL FOR ENTRIES
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1308pg_10 10 8/5/13 3:03 PM
August 2013 | 11
www.power-grid.com
ALFANAR CONSTRUCTION BEGINS MIDDLE EAST T&D PROJECTS
Alfanar Construction signed several stra-
tegic projects worth about $400 million in
the first half of 2013.
A substation project was signed with the
Saline Water Conversion Corp. (SWCC)
aimed at integrating 3,100 MW of capacity
from Yanbu III generating station into the
grid. Alfanar shall be fully responsible for
the turnkey construction of Yanbus three
substations. This project will supply power
to the SWCC pumping stations. It will be
executed on a fast track basis becausee the
substations are scheduled to be completed
and put into service within 22 Months.
A contract signing ceremony was held
under the patronage of His Royal Highness
Prince Abdul Aziz Bin Majid Bin Abdul
Aziz Al-Saud, Governor of Al-Madinah
Al-Munawarah region.
The Saudi Electricity Co. (SEC) awarded
Alfanar two major projects for the con-
struction of 380 kV underground cables
in Jeddah and Makkah. Ali Al Barrak,
CEO of the Saudi Electricity Co. signed
the contract.
These projects involve the construction
of 380 kV underground cables to estab-
lish two circuit links between the Jeddah
Central substation and the Jeddah North/
Al-Faisaliyah substations. They will be
completed in 22 months.
These two projects are part of a chal-
lenging plan by the Saudi Electricity Co. to
upgrade and strengthen the capacity of the
electricity grid across the Western Region
in order to meet the growing demand
for electricity in the areas of Jeddah and
Makkah.
His Royal Highness Prince Abdul Aziz Bin Majid
Bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, Governor of Al-Madinah
Al-Munawarah region attended the contract signing
by His Excellency Dr. Abdullah Bin Abdul Rahman
Al-Husayen, Minister of Water & Electricity and Eng.
Sabah Al Mutlaq vice chaiman, Alfanar Group in
the presence of His Excellency Dr. Abdul Rahman
Bin Mohammad Al-Ibrahim, Governor, Saline Water
Conversion Corp.
Other projects include the supply of
power to the upcoming double-track high
speed Haramain railway which included
construction of six new 380 kV substa-
tions and the reinforcement of Hail 2
Power Plant- Extension III.
Go to http://pgi.hotims.com for more information.
1308pg_11 11 8/5/13 3:03 PM
12 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com

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southeast region of the country. It is cur-
rently comprised of 15 hydro plants, two
thermal plants, 52 substations and roughly
20,000 kilometers of high voltage trans-
mission lines. More than 40 percent of the
energy consumed in Brasil passes through
the Furnas Electric System.
In addition, the three events have
been endorsed by Governo Do Estado
So Paulo Secretaria De Energia (the
state of So Paulos secretary of ener-
gy) as well as the U.S. Department
of Commerce (DOC). The DOCs
International Trade Administration will
be at the event to answer U.S. compa-
nies questions about conducting busi-
ness in Brasil. According to the United
Nations Conference on Trade and
Development, Brasil is the fifth most
attractive country for foreign direct
investment from 2012 through 2014.
Brasil is also consistently the largest for-
eign direct investment recipient in Latin
America, receiving close to half of all
South Americas incoming investments.
DistribuTECH Brasil 2013 will officially
kick off with a joint opening keynote
session on Tuesday morning, Sept.
24. Mr. Flavio Decat, President of
Eletrobras Furnas, and Mr. Britaldo
Soares, CEO of AES Brasil, are among
the line-up of featured speakers.
Following the keynote, the smaller,
topic-focused breakout sessions will
begin. These sessions, which offer a
N
orth Americas No. 1 electricity
transmission and distribution
show, DistribuTECH Conference &
Exhibition, expanded into Brasil in 2012
with the launch of DistribuTECH Brasil.
Running Sept. 24-26, 2013, the second
annual event will feature more than 40
speakers, 30 plus exhibiting companies
and networking opportunities.
As in 2012, DistribuTECH Brasil will
again co-locate with HydroVision Brasil,
now in its third consecutive year in
Brasil. POWER-Gen, which has been
successful in the U.S., Europe, Asia,
India and Russia for many years, will
join these two events as well. By co-
locating these three events under one
roof, PennWell has created a dynamic,
exciting event for electric power pro-
fessionals interested in the generation,
transmission and distribution markets
in Brasil and the Latin American region.
DistribuTECH Brasil will locate at the
Transamerica Expo Center. It will cover
electricity transmission and distribution
from end-to-end. Attendees may attend
educational sessions, speak with exhibiting
companies showcasing the latest equip-
ment and services available in the util-
ity industry and network with colleagues.
Brasils Furnas is hosting DistribuTECH
Brasil, HydroVision Brasil and POWER-
GEN Brasil. Furnas is a major subsid-
iary of Eletrobras in charge of generation
and transmission of electric power in the
variety of learning opportunities, are
broken into four industry-related
tracks: advanced metering, power
delivery business, system automation
and system operation. More than 40
speakers will participate in 13 sessions
that fall into these industry tracks. In
addition, a DistribuTECH Brasil mega-
session will close the conference late on
Thursday morning, Sept. 26.
DistribuTECH Brasil is not all learn-
ing and no play. Plenty of social oppor-
tunities will allow attendees to visit and
network with colleagues, acquaintances
and new friends.
With such a wide range of confer-
ence sessions, exposition and network-
ing opportunities, DistribuTECH Brasil
promises to be the highlight of the
industry for 2013.
Exhibit and sponsor information in
this article were accurate at press time
but are subject to change.

SUPPORTING ASSOCIATIONS
DistribuTECH Brasils supporting
associations include:
ABRADEE
Associao Brasileira de
Gerao de Energia Limpa
Associao Brasileira de
Geradoras Termeltricas
ABRATE
Sociedade Mineira de
Engenheiors
International Technical
Community
1308pg_12 12 8/5/13 3:03 PM
August 2013 | 13
www.power-grid.com
UTILITY PARTICIPATION
EXHIBITING COMPANIES
AESEletropaulo
AESSulDistribuidoraGauchadeEnergia
GXEnergia
BCHydro
CELESCDistribuioS.A.
CELGDistribuicao
CEMIG
CIAENERGETICADEMINASGERAIS-CEMIG
ComisionFederaldeElectricidad
ConEdNY
The conference program will include utility speakers and authors from Brasil, the U.S., Canada, Mexico,
Venezuela and Guatemala, representing the following companies:
CORPOELEC
CPFLEnergia
CTEEP
DME
EDPBandeirante
ElektroEletricidadeeServiosS.A.
EletrobrasFurnas
InstitutoNacionaldeElectrificacion
PLC
SouthernCaliforniaEdison
BAUMIERAUTOMATIONLTDA
CISCO
CLEVESTSOLUTIONSINC.
CLICKSOFTWARE
CRCPRESS/TAYLOR&FRANCISGROUPLLC
CONCERTTECHNOLOGIES
CST-COMPUTERSIMULATION
TECHNOLOGYAG
DNVKEMABRASIL
ECILENERGIA
ELETRAENERGYSOLUTIONS
ENTEGRAGMBH
ESRI
ELO
ETAP
GEENERGYBRASIL
GESUPPLYDOBRASILLTDA
HEXINGELECTRICALCO.LTDA
HIPOTRONICS-HAEFELY-TETTEX
HUBBELLPOWERSYSTEMS
INFORMASOFTWARE
INMARSATINC.
ITRON
J&DELECTRONICS
KLEINTOOLS
KVTEKPOWERSYSTEMPVT.LTD.
MINCOMINTERNATIONAL
SERVICOSDEINFORMATICALTDA
NANSEN
ORACLE
REVISTAOSECTORELECTRICO
RUGGEDCOM,ASIEMENSBUSINESS
SAPBRASIL
S&CELECTRICDOBRASIL
SCHNEIDERELECTRIC
SDCENGENHARIADESISTEMASLTDA
SILVERSPRINGNETWORKS
TOATECHNOLOGIES
TRILLIANT
VENTYX,ANABBCOMPANY
SPONSORS
DistribuTECH Brasils sponsors include:
ClickSoftware
ConcertTechnologies
DNVKEMABrasil
EletraEnergySolutions
ELO
GeneralElectric
Itron
Oracle
TOATechnologies
Ventyx
DistribuTECH Brasil will host a networking reception in the exhibit hall from 5:30 to 7 p.m. Wednesday, Sept.
25. Attendees and guests are invited for hors doeuvres and refreshing drinks while networking with industry
colleagues and visiting exhibits of more than 30 companies.
1308pg_13 13 8/5/13 3:03 PM
S&C ELECTRIC COMPANY
IntelliRupter

PulseCloser, available in voltage ratings

of 14.4 kV through 38 kV, features PulseClosing
Technologya unique means for verifying that
the line is clear of faults before initiating a closing
operation. Pulseclosing is superior to conventional
reclosing. It greatly reduces stress on system
components, as well as voltage sags experienced by
customers upstream of the fault.
Scada-Mate

Switching System, in voltage

ratings of 14.4 kV through 34.5 kV, is ideal
for automating overhead distribution feeders.
All necessary functionssensing, control,
and communicationsare provided in one
economical, self-contained package.
Automation needs change and grow
with increased load, capacity, and
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Scada-Mate CX

Switches meet these
changing needs, economically, in
voltage ratings of 14.4 kV through 25 kV.
6800 Series Automatic
Switch Controls provide
remote reporting of
switch status points,
current, voltage, watts,
and VARs via a variety
of protocols.
IntelliNode Interface Module allows
IntelliTeam SG to work with a wide array of
new and existing intelligent electronic devices
from other manufacturers.
IntelliNodeInterface Module allows
S&Cs IntelliTeam

isnt just
automatic service restoration
S
ince its introduction in 1997, S&Cs IntelliTeam

Automatic Restoration
System has become the industrys standard. The latest version
IntelliTeam

SGis a universal solution for improving grid reliability.

It works with S&C IntelliRupter

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and Scada-
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Remote Supervisory Vista

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using S&Cs IntelliNode Interface Module, IntelliTeam SG works with
protection relays and recloser controls from other manufacturers too.
But we didnt stop there. Now weve developed IntelliTeam

VV and
IntelliTeam

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meet other important needs of the intelligent grid.
S&Cs IntelliTeam

VV Volt-Var Optimization System

gronfIy Incronsos grId cnncIfy nnd offcIoncy. If works wIfh
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time conditions. Our IntelliTeam

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Mnnngomonf Sysfom cnn mnnngo n oof of u fo n fhousnnd
S&C PureWave

Community Energy Storage Units, to

isolate consumers from distribution system operations and
transients for hours, and also integrate the communitys
wind and solar power sources. And S&Cs SpeedNet
Radios and IntelliCom

WAN Mesh Radios are ideal for a

wide range of Smart Grid applications.
1308pg_14 14 8/5/13 3:03 PM

2
0
1
2

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&
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i
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C
o
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p
a
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y

1
0
4
4
-
A
1
2
0
2
IntelliCom

WAN Mesh Radios provide

reliable, high-capacity, self-healing
wireless mesh network communication
for a wide range of applications requiring
high throughput and very low latency.
IntelliTeam

VV Volt-Var Optimization System

achieves optimal power factor and voltage levels.
It regulates VARs and voltage simultaneously.
Remote Supervisory PMH and PME Pad-Mounted Gear feature
power-operated switches which respond to opening and closing
signals from a remote location. This gear, available in ratings of
14.4 kV and 25 kV, can be specifed with a communication and
control equipment group, for a completely integrated and self-
powered automated switching and protection package.
SpeedNet Radio has been optimized for IntelliTeam
SG, distribution automation, and SCADA applications.
Its high speed and low latency provides the fastest-
possible communication for priority traffc.
Remote Supervisory Vista

Underground Distribution
Switchgear, in ratings of 15.5 kV
through 38 kV, provides automated
switching and fault protection, and
can also perform auto-sectionalizing
without tripping the main breaker.
Up to six load-interrupter switches
or fault interrupters can be motor
operated in a single unit.
PureWave

Community Energy
Storage System provides distributed
electric energy storage, for reliable,
local backup power for consumers.
The multiplicity of unitsintegrated
and controlled by the IntelliTeam

DEM Distributed Energy Management
Systemoffers higher aggregated
availability . . . keeping the grid
functioning for more consumers.
The IntelliTeam

DEM Distributed Energy Management System

aggregates PureWave

Community Energy Storage Units into a

dispatchable energy source. It provides fully automated charging and
discharging of the energy storage units, either at scheduled times or to
meet target demand at feeder and substation transformer levels.
S&Cs solutions for improved grid reliability,
Incronsod grId cnncIfy nnd offcIoncy, nnd grId
communication include a wide range of supporting
engineering and design, and construction and
implementation services. These services can be
provided individually or on a turnkey basis with the
equipment. Contact S&C today to see how we can
design and implement a solution for your system.
Visit us at sandc.com/intelliteamproducts
or call us today at 773-338-1000.
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1308pg_15 15 8/5/13 3:03 PM
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See us at
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at the
Transamerica Expo Center
So Paulo.
Go to http://pgi.hotims.com for more information.
1308pg_17 17 8/5/13 3:03 PM
18 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com

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Powering
up VSAT
BY ALEXANDRE AUGSTROZE GONALVES, IDIRECT
unreliable because of line-
of-site constraints.
By contrast, VSAT net-
works can provide immedi-
ate, ubiquitous coverage to all
substations and power generation sites.
This solves the challenge of running
costly fiber or building expensive towers
for microwave radio links.
VSAT networks can run broadband
applications such as video and voice
over IP reliably and efficiently while
maintaining supervisory control and
data acquisition (SCADA) connectivity at
these sites. VSAT also can support real-
time data exchange, as well as extend
high-speed networks or VPNs to enable
secure file transfer, video or similar
broadband services.
S
atellite communications, often
referred to as VSAT (very small
aperture terminal), has enabled utilities
around the globe to expand their
network reach rapidly as they develop
the smart grid. Worldwide, governments
are mandating that utilities secure their
operations, manage energy efficiently and
ensure business continuity.
In Brazil, utilities must meet new
government laws and mandates from
industry regulators such as ANEEL, the
Brazilian electricity regulatory agency.
Effective January 2013, the Brazilian
government passed law code MP 579,
which is aimed at lowering electricity
costs through more efficient operations.
For example, ANEEL mandated an
implementation of advanced metering
infrastructures (AMIs) in all residential
areas to improve energy monitoring.
To comply with similar regulations,
utilities in North America and Europe
have turned to VSAT technology. Internet
Protocol (IP)-based VSAT systems enable
utilities to extend the smart grid anywhere
it is required and expand connectivity
across multiple utility operations over
100 percent of their coverage area. They
also can comply with government-issued
smart grid initiatives, such as setting
up high-definition cameras and
creating virtual private networks
(VPNs) for security and offering a
backup communications solution for
business continuity.
Utilities that have made advancements
in the smart grid have discovered VSAT
technology is essential. Utilities in Brazil
can strengthen their operations by
following suit.
EXTENDING SECURE
CONNECTIVITY TO REMOTE
SUBSTATIONS
Utilities in Brazil use fiber for a portion
of their networks, yet a significant number
of remote utility substations, such as
those in northern Brazil, are unable
to be connected because of distance
and environmental challenges. Investing
more in fiber to reach these locations
would be costly. Microwave links are
Alexandre Gonalves is a systems engineer with iDirect based in Rio de Janeiro. He is iDirects
resident technical expert in the Latin America region, where he is responsible for designing satellite-
based IP networks,equipment demonstrations and lab-testing network solutions.Prior to joining iDirect,
Gonalves was a technical support director with Intercel Telecoms.He has worked in the IT engineering
and satellite communications industries more than 11 years.He has a bachelors degree in computer
science from DeVry University and is fluent in Portuguese, Spanish and English.
1308pg_18 18 8/5/13 3:03 PM
August 2013 | 19
www.power-grid.com

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ever, allows utilities to cover their entire
service territories. VSAT can be more
cost-effective than other core network
technologies.
For lower capital costs, a utility could
fully outsource its satellite capacity,
allowing a service provider to configure
and manage the network at an opera-
tional amount thats competitive with
monthly cellular costs.
Security. Utilities might think satellite
is not secure, but VSAT platforms, which
are configured as a closed VPN, are
secure. Adding support
for concurrent two-way
Advanced Encryption
Standard 256-bit link
encryption makes
packet transmission
via satellite as secure as
other communication
technologies, including
terrestrial and wireless.
For example, virtual
local area networks
(VLANs) allow users in a broadcast
domain to be grouped together logi-
cally and not physically. Satellite sup-
ports VLAN tagging, which requires
permission to access the network. This
guards against outside attacks and makes
IP-satellite more secure than Wi-Fi.
INVESTING WISELY
THROUGH SATELLITE
Satellite communication is needed
to advance the smart grid. No longer
challenged by initial latency or reli-
ability challenges, satellite is a cost-
effective and secure solution that can
provide backup communications and
easily support core smart grid and dis-
tribution automation applications. That
should spark some interest for Brazilian
utilities.
UNDERSTANDING THE
VALUE OF SATELLITE
Satellite networks have increased in
reliability, affordability and speed. VSAT
can provide cost-effective, two-way, real-
time communications solutions. Several
common misinterpretations about satel-
lites reliability, latency, cost and security
still exist.
Reliability. A primary misconception
is that satellite does not have the reliabil-
ity to run core operations with the same
quality as terrestrial networks; however,
recent innovations have
allowed VSAT to pro-
vide highly reliable net-
work connectivity.
First, VSAT is a pri-
vate network, which
means it is reliable and
secure. Next, second-
generation Digital Video
Broadcasting Standard
(DVB-S2) in combina-
tion with adaptive cod-
ing and modulation (ACM) and uplink
power control (UPC) and adaptive time
division multiple access (TDMA) have
boosted performance on the outbound
and inbound channels.
Latency. There is a misperception
that satellite has too much latency to
support critical applications such as
SCADA. While terrestrial latency is mini-
mal, VSATs latency, approximately 600
to 700 milliseconds roundtrip, is suitable
for most utility application, including
SCADA, substation automation, distribu-
tion automation, smart meter backhaul,
voice and video.
Cost. IP satellite platforms tradition-
ally are seen as too costly. Extending
high-speed broadband and advanced
communications applications to the
most remote locations with VSAT, how-
SMART METER
BACKHAUL SOLUTION
To improve energy monitoring, utilities
are deploying smart meters and sensor
devices across the smart grid to monitor
operational priorities such as energy distri-
bution and fault detection along distribu-
tion lines. Utilities then must aggregate
this data to gain real-time visibility into all
areas of the distribution networks. VSAT
can backhaul data efficiently from AMI
concentrators and distribution automation
networks to operation centers regardless
of location.
ENSURING CONTINUITY
OF OPERATIONS
VSAT can be a mobile solution and a
backup solution when terrestrial commu-
nications networks fail. VSAT is indepen-
dent of terrestrial infrastructures. When
a primary network goes down, VSAT can
handle data, voice and video connectivity
in any location. VSAT remotes even can be
mounted on a vehicle or trailer to provide
temporary connectivity to remote substa-
tions and emergency response personnel.
For lower capital
costs, a utility
could fully
outsource its
satellite capacity,
allowing a
service provider
to configure and
manage the
network.
1308pg_19 19 8/5/13 3:03 PM
20 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com
Back row left to right: Andrew Blaver
(Program Manager), Luke van Zeller (Project Officer),
Mark Goninon (Data Officer)
Front row left to right: Jai Thomas (Project
Officer), Venetia Davies (Project Support),
Rebecca Hargrave
(External Affairs Manager)
Australian Utility Drives Network Efficiencies
Through Customer Engagement
BY REBECCA HARGRAVE, WESTERN POWER
of 10 in 2012. The
continuing uptake of
refrigerated air conditioner
systems, in particular during the past
10 to 15 years, is recognized as a key
driver of increasing WA s electricity
peak demand.
To address this issue, Western Power
is investigating innovative ways to ben-
efit customers and defer network infra-
structure investment via its smart grid.
Western Power is focusing on the
development of product and service
offerings to save customers money
over the longer term by operating the
network more efficiently, said Mike
Davidson, Western Powers smart grid
development manager.
W
estern Australia (WA) is the
largest state in Australia, occu-
pying the entire western third of the
continent. WA has some 2.3 million
residents (around 10 percent of the
national total), and most live in the
capital, Perth.
The electricity network in WA, one of
the largest and most isolated networks
in the world, is owned and operated by
Western Power.
The Western Power Network covers
253,038 square kilometres and sup-
plies electricity to more than 1 mil-
lion customers. Unlike the series of
interconnected networks that cover all
other major urban areas in Australia,
Western Powers network is isolated
and self-contained. Network custom-
ers electricity needs must be delivered
by the system itself without any outside
support or backup.
Western Power, like many network
operators across the globe, is challenged
with ensuring its infrastructure has the
capacity to meet increasing residential
peak demand. Peak demand strains
Western Powers electricity network; the
top 15 percent of electricity supplied is
used only 1 percent of the time.
With average summer temperatures
of 31 C (88

F) and sustained maxi-
mums of above 40

C (104

F), residen-
tial air conditioner use in Perth has
increased from 45 percent of house-
holds in 1999 to more than nine out
1308pg_20 20 8/5/13 3:04 PM
co co conf nfer eren ence & eexp xpos osit itio ionnn

Utility Products Conference & Exposition has everything utility workers need to do their jobs from tools to
cutting-edge technology to product and safety demonstrations. Save the date for Utility Products Conference
& Exposition Jan. 28-30 in San Antonio. For more information, visit http://utilityproductsexpo.com. http://utilityproductsexpo.com
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1308pg_21 21 8/5/13 3:04 PM
22 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com
signals sent by Western Power via smart
meters and home-area networks. The
signal would command each air con-
ditioners compressor to cycle on and
off while the fan continued running,
minimizing customer discomfort. The
compressor was cycled in combinations
such as 15 minutes on and off, 10 off 20
on, or 20 off 10 on. Customers were not
advised before the events.
Results show significant network ben-
efits. Electricity consumption for par-
ticipating households fell by an average
of 0.9 kW per participant during trial
events, which equates to 33 percent of
the average air conditioner load.
Results from the trial were mod-
eled to better understand the potential
impacts of implementing similar pro-
grams across Western Powers network.
The results indicate that reducing
the electrical load of air conditioners
during times of high demand has the
capacity to reduce system peak, as
well as the potential to have an even
Installing more than 11,000 smart
meters and associated communications
infrastructure as part of its Smart Grid
Foundation Trial provided Western
Power with the technology platform
design and number of network trials to
deliver customer-focused products and
services.
Providing customers with choice
and the opportunity to benefit was
the core objective of our Smart Grid
Foundation Trial, Davidson said.
To address increasing residential
peak demand, Western Power collabo-
rated with the local electricity retailer
and ran a demand response air con-
ditioning trial (ACT) that uses smart
grid technology to target residential air
conditioners.
ACT is the first demand manage-
ment trial in Australia to utilize a home-
area network enabled by smart grid
infrastructure, Davidson said.
The primary objectives of the ACT
trial were to:
1. Confirm a measurable and control-
lable demand reduction could be
achieved;
2. Understand customer response
and quantify customer benefits;
3. Validate the use of smart meter-
ing infrastructure as a valid means
of managing residential demand
response;
4. Determine the potential for using
demand response to defer network
investment; and
5. Determine cost and scale implica-
tions of a widespread rollout.
The trial used custom demand
response enabling devices (DREDs),
which were installed in participants air
conditioners. Western Power controlled
the DREDs by sending signals to the
smart meters via a home-area network.
Year one of the trial (2011) was
designed to test the technology and
back-office systems to prove function-
ality. Year one testing was deemed suc-
cessful, so the main focus of the trial
in year two (2012) proceeded and was
designed to coincide with residential
peak demand (4-7 p.m. on the hottest
days of the year) and to understand the
customer experience.
Seven hundred eighty-eight cus-
tomers volunteered to join the trial,
with 377 meeting the selection criteria
(based on air conditioner type and size)
and participating, receiving an incen-
tive payment of $200 for two years.
Ten demand response events were
run from December 2011 to March
2012 from 4-7 p.m. on weekdays when
the maximum daily temperature was
higher than 35

C (95

F) after several
preceding hot days. During an event,
participants air conditioners were con-
trolled remotely by communications
Event Prole Case Study 1
210
190
170
150
130
110
90
70
50
A
v
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r
a
g
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L
o
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(
k
W
)
Event: BA
Average Reduction
4-6PM: 0.71 kW
6-8PM: 0.55 kW
0
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For event 8A, participants were divided into two subgroups: a participant group and a
control group. The maximum temperature on this day was 40 C. The demand response
event occurred between 4 and 8 p.m. The event used randomized 30-minute cycles (15
minutes off and 15 minutes on) of the air conditioners compressor. Each cycle was
repeated eight times during the four-hour event. The image indicated the peak demand of
the active participant group (those whose air conditioners were cycled) was some 25
percent less than that of the passive group (those whose air conditioners were not cycled)
during the event.
Nonparticipating Control Group
Event Group
Difference
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1308pg_23 23 8/5/13 3:04 PM
24 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com
It is essential
that customers
are brought into
the electricity
supply chain to
maximize return on
investment.
- Mike Davidson,
Western Power
needs and customer wants. It is essen-
tial that customers are brought into the
electricity supply chain to maximize
return on investment, Davidson said.
Customers have long been a pas-
sive recipient in the electricity sup-
ply chain, he said. Without fostering
community participation through edu-
cation-based community engagement,
the successful deployment of new tech-
nologies to drive network efficiency
will be compromised.
The balance of power is shifting
toward customers. Utilities who do not
deliver customers with choice and the
opportunity to benefit will be unable to
maximize their investment.
Because of the success of the trial,
Western Power will consider how this
technology can be deployed cost-effec-
tively and focus on areas of the network
that are constrained or becoming con-
strained because of air conditioning-
driven residential peak.

Editors Note: POWERGRID International
is accepting nominations for 2014 Projects of
the Year Awards. Visit www.power-grid.com for
details.
greater impact on local feeders that are
constrained due to residential peak,
Davidson said.
The customer experience was very
favorable, according to Western Power
research.
Four out of five participants had
a positive experience, and more than
one-third rated the experience as 10
out of 10, Davidson said. Over 76
percent of participants indicated that
they felt no change in comfort levels,
and 79 percent indicated that they were
happy with the performance of their air
conditioner throughout the course of
the trial.
Around half of customers reported
a sustained reduction in the use of air
conditioners as a result of the trial.
Sixty-six percent of participants
reported an increasing awareness of
their daily energy
usage and the adop-
tion of energy saving
behaviors, Davidson
said. We saw this
result as a great added
benefit of the trial.
Using the posi-
tive results from the
trial, Western Power
plans to look for other
opportunities to effec-
tively reduce peak demand in similar
ways. If used more widely, these kinds
of programs might present a viable
alternative to investing in costly new
infrastructure.
Feedback from industry has been pos-
itive, with the trial named runner-up in
POWERGRID Internationals Project of
the Year Awards in February 2013.
Western Power was honored to be
acknowledged on the international
stage, Davidson said. We are proud of
the work we are delivering in Australia,
in particular the strong, mutually ben-
eficial relationships we are building
with our customers.
Mark Paterson,
chairman of Standards
Australia EL-054
Committee, said the
Western Power trial is
a viable model.
The Western Power
trial is the first of its
kind in Australia and
provides perhaps the
nations first illustra-
tion of what the intel-
ligent networks of the future may look
like, particularly in regard to demand
response, Paterson said.
Through its Smart Grid Foundation
Trial, Western Power has delivered cus-
tomer programs such as ACT, as well
as access to real-time electricity use
data via an in-home display and vol-
untary time-of-use tariffs. These pro-
grams have provided mutual benefits
to customers and the network operator
by bridging the gap between network
2 System Electricity Demand, July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2012
D
e
m
a
n
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(
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Max Demand of 4,049 MW
at Jan. 1, 2012, 16:30
Min Demand of 1,525 MW
at June 11, 2012, 01:30
Date
1308pg_24 24 8/5/13 3:04 PM
August 2013 | 25
www.power-grid.com
BY JOSE GRANADO AND JOSH AXELROD, ERNST & YOUNG LLP
related extortion.
Many of these executives are bracing
for more aggressive, larger-scale attacks.
Some 40 percent of those surveyed by
McAfee said they expected to face a
major incident that causes a loss of
services for at least 24 hours, loss of life
or injuries.
Mandiant, a U.S. cybersecurity firm,
reported in 2013 that Chinese military
personnel likely hacked into a Canadian
company that makes switches and other
gear for oil and gas pipelines. That access
was cut immediately so the intruders
could not take command of the systems.
he headlines are alarming. The
U.S. faces a possible Cyber Pearl
Harbor, former Defense Secretary Leon
Panetta warned in 2012. A cyberattack
targeting power plants might prove life-
threatening, said Janet Napolitano,
Homeland Security secretary. Enemies
of the U.S. are seeking the ability to
sabotage the power grid, President
Barack Obama said in his State of the
Union.
So far, no U.S. power plant has
suffered a significant cyberattack, and
a growing number of utilities are taking
steps to mitigate attacks. Nevertheless,
the industry remains too vulnerable.
Utilities are high-value targets. They
house a treasure trove of financial data
and provide essential services that if
disrupted for a prolonged period might
trigger civic and economic unrest.
Consider the massive 2003 blackout
that left some 50 million people across
North America without power for up
to four days. Officials said the outage,
caused when a sagging power line came
into contact with overgrown trees, cost
an estimated $6 billion and contributed
to 11 deaths. The damage caused by
a sophisticated cyberattack could be
much worse.
How real is the risk of a debilitating
cyberattack to the power and utilities
sector? According to a report from
information technology (IT) security
firm McAfee and the Center for
Strategy and International Studies in
Washington, DC, small-scale incidents
occur routinely. The 2011 report
found that 85 percent of executives
in the power, oil and gas and water
sectors globally experienced network
infiltrations, and a quarter reported
they had been victims of a network-
Jose Granado is a principal and security
practice leader for Ernst & Young LLP.
Josh Axelrod is a senior manager and
power and utilities information security
sector lead for Ernst & Young LLP.
1308pg_25 25 8/5/13 3:04 PM
26 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com
security controls implemented for your
specific technology environment might
be as effective.
Defining the governance and support
structure necessary to maintain the
solution.
REGULATORY, COST CONCERNS
The North America Electric
Reliability Corp. (NERC) established
the critical infrastructure protection
(CIP) cybersecurity standards that
require designated utility owners and
operators to safeguard critical assets
that are essential to the operation of the
North American bulk power system.
The bulk power system as currently
defined, however, excludes facilities
below a designated threshold. In some
large cities, including New York and Los
Angeles, many facilities used for local
power distribution are not required to
be afforded the protections the NERC
CIP standards are intended to provide.
Federal regulators are concerned about
these exclusions but say theres little
they can do to address the situation.
In a 2011 appearance before Congress,
a top official with the Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission said the
organization lacks the legal authority
to protect the grid adequately from
physical and cyberthreats.
Utilities face additional challenges
with cybersecurity regulation, namely
cost. Complying with federal standards
often is prohibitively expensive. And
state regulators have been reluctant
to approve rate hikes to help utilities
recoup the costs of cybersecurity
investments. Utilities must not wait
for rate increases or direct government
funding before they address their
cybersecurity systems. Failing to invest
carries too great a risk.

Designing an effective cybersecurity
system for an electric utility is
particularly challenging. Utilities
are enormously complex entities
that depend on various devices and
technologies to make the power grid
function properly.
As a result, no single off-the-shelf
product can address the industrys
cybersecurity concerns. Many providers
offer pre-packaged solutions, but such
an approach cannot fully consider a
utilitys cybersecurity needs. Industry
security professionals
instead must develop
customized techniques
that protect legacy
technology platforms yet
remain flexible enough
to respond to the
frequent introduction
of new devices and
equipment.
To further complicate
matters, utilities also must protect
themselves from attacks caused by
well-intentioned staff members who
unknowingly cause breaches when
downloading software or using file-
sharing programs. These actions might
introduce harmful malware and viruses
to the computer network, possibly
causing service disruptions.
Power and utility companies should
consider the following when develop-
ing a successful approach. First, iden-
tify the risk profile. Tailored solutions
cannot be devised until the challenge
is articulated clearly. Questions to help
identify the risk profile of a facility
include:
How does the organization define
cybersecurity risk? Does the
potential risk affect the business?
What are the avenues by which
such threats might enter our
environment?
How prevalent are the risks in our
industry? What have our peers and
competitors faced, and what can
we learn from those incidents?
What threats might be invited
by the behavior of our own
employees? Are our policies about
network access clear and effectively
communicated?
How can we align our responses
to cybersecurity risk with industry
standard security
principles, such as ISO
27001/27002 or NIST
SP800-53?
After making the
determinations, develop
a cybersecurity strategy.
Steps utilities should
consider include:
Aligning cybersecuri-
ty to the organizations overall IT strat-
egy based on the defined risk profile.
This helps build support from company
board members and top executives, as
well as field managers and other per-
sonnel.
Analyzing the cybersecurity
issues unique to operations, supply,
procurement, human resources
management, etc., and noting areas of
difference and integration. Get all parts
of the organization working together.
Rather than focusing on tactics to
address possible security breaches,
develop a cybersecurity approach based
on a broad security principlea rating
of breach tolerance, for instancethat
can be achieved via several techniques.
Not assuming that a large-scale
solution, equivalent to a brand-new IT
security system, is needed. Additional
No single
off-the-shelf
product can
address the
industrys
cybersecurity
concerns.
1308pg_26 26 8/5/13 3:04 PM

C
A
N

S
T
O
C
K

P
H
O
T
O

IN
C
.
/

D
O
N
S
K
A
R
P
O
BY DMITRIY AYRAPETOV, DELL SONICWALL
detect and highly effective. DDoS attacks
are cheap because they can leverage
distributed networks of thousands of
zombie computers taken over by worms
or other automated methods. For instance,
the DDoS attack MyDoom used a worm to
distribute flood attacks. Because these
botnets are globally sold and available on
the black market, an attacker might buy
the use of a botnet for less than $100 for a
flood attack or contract specific attacks for
as little as $5 an hour.
Financially driven DDoS
attacks typically are based
either on extortion
or competition.
E x t o r t i o n
I
t is a common headline: Prominent
website brought down by attackers.
The backstory to this growing threat to
business is a distributed denial-of-service
(DDoS). Whether youre a Fortune 500
global enterprise, government agency or
small- to mid-size business, youre on
the target list of todays cyberthugs. Even
security-savvy businesses with plenty of
financial resources and experts to protect
themselves have fallen victim to this threat.
Recently, the number of DDoS incidents
has increased significantly. Attacks also
have grown in scale, exceeding traffic
volumes of 100 gigabits per second. One
prolonged attack on an e-commerce
site in Asia involved a botnet of more
than 250,000 zombie computers, many
reportedly based in China. Criminals
use DDoS because it is cheap, hard to
Target List of Cyberthugs; Target List of Cyberthugs;
to Combat Vulnerability
Steps
Youre on the
10
1308pg_27 27 8/5/13 3:04 PM
August 2013 | 28
www.power-grid.com
such as unified threat management
and next-generation firewalls, which
protect against single-point-of-failure
breaches. Effective solutions fea-
ture multiprong defenses, including
intrusion prevention, antimalware,
content filtering and application-
intelligent firewalling.
Enforce access controls.
Criminals cannot damage or take
control of your SCADA systems
unless they can reach them. You
must design and implement rules for
access control and sharing of data,
applications and resources. You also
must define, implement and monitor
all external secure access connections
needed for business users, remote
maintenance, third parties and oth-
ers. Establish policy-based access cri-
teria, limiting access privileges to a
minimum. Keep an up-to-date list of
access accounts, periodically check
logs, and renew all access credentials
with enhanced access control where
necessary.
Secure your remote access.
The exponential growth of mobile,
wireless and widely distributed net-
works presents a vastly greater poten-
tial for unauthorized remote access.
Secure all remote access over virtual
private networks (VPNs) using tech-
nologies such as SSL VPN.
Harden SCADA features. Certain
automated SCADA features (e.g.,
remote maintenance) potentially can
undermine security by creating vul-
nerabilities for unauthorized access
or intrusion attacks. Work with your
schemes often profit by demanding sig-
nificant ransoms from victim organizations
to prevent DoS. Ideological attacks can be
launched by government
entities or grassroots
hacktivists. Hacktivists
tend to seek publicity by
obstructing high-profile
organizations or sites that
symbolize conflicting
political views or prac-
tices. One of the most
notorious examples of a
hacktivist is the loosely
affiliated group Anonymous, who have
claimed responsibility (and publicity) for
bringing down sites of such high-profile
organizations as the FBI and the CIA and
have targeted websites in more than 25
countries across six continents.
WHOS NEXT?
Because hacktivist agendas can be vola-
tile and unpredictable, business or indus-
try might be targeted as a symbol of the
latest cause du jour. In the case of govern-
ment-launched cyberwar DDoS attacks,
not only .gov targets are vulnerable. Such
attacks also can target affiliated vendors
that supply key infrastructure, commu-
nications or transportation services or
seek to cripple key business or financial
transaction servers.
Who is next? It is unreasonable to think
it might not be you. The danger to utilities
is not simply DDoS; it is the bigger threat
of viruses designed not to steal but to
delete data and undermine management
and monitoring systems. This is a new
form of security guerrilla warfare that is
being launched by governments or activ-
ist groups using information technology
(IT) viruses to target and attack specific
industries for political reasons. This is a
new form of attack of which all utilities
can be at risk and vulnerable.
Many industrial network infrastructures
employ supervisory con-
trol and data acquisition
(SCADA) and distrib-
uted control systems
(DCSs) to automate,
monitor and control cru-
cial physical processes in
their IT infrastructures.
Their crucial importance
and prominence in the
field place them high on
a list of prospective targets. SCADA sys-
tems increasingly have been targets of
criminal and terrorist activities intended
to disrupt and deny services.
Following is a basic checklist utilities
should use to avoid and plan for attack
and prepare for fast recovery.
Know your SCADA systems.
Document the network infrastruc-
ture, components, applications, data
stores and connections that are criti-
cal to your SCADA system. Perform
a baseline analysis for ongoing risk
management and set corresponding
security requirements. Establish and
communicate security roles, respon-
sibilities and authorisation levels for
IT, management, staff and third-party
stakeholders.
Lock down your perimeter.
Disconnect any unnecessary or
unauthorised network paths to your
SCADA systems, including unse-
cured disk drives, USB ports, wireless
connections or links to third-party
extranets (e.g., suppliers, contractors,
outsourcers, etc.) and implement
firewalls.
Update your defenses.
Implement defense security solutions
Dmitriy Ayrapetov is product manager
of network security at Dell SonicWALL.
1
2
3
4
5
6
CONTINUED ON PAGE 32
Whether youre
a Fortune 500
global enterprise,
government
agency or
small- to mid-size
business, youre
on the target
list of todays
cyberthugs.
1308pg_28 28 8/5/13 3:04 PM
August 2013 | 29
www.power-grid.com
$
$
$
M
any advanced metering infra-
structure (AMI) road maps
properly and purposefully outline
phased implementation strategies to
align business processes with invest-
ment objectives, but utilities should
consider meter hardware impacts early
in the selection and design process.
Potential technical and financial impacts
might be realized based on these deci-
sions. Although smaller, initial capital
outlays for metering equipment might
be attractive to a utility and regulator,
there can be significant value in con-
sidering short- and long-term require-
ments to implement dynamic pricing
and demand management capabilities.
The main choice a utility faces when
selecting meter hardware is whether
to purchase an index meter or load
profile meter. In this case, only load
profile meters are capable of measur-
ing direct consumption. Both meter
configurations provide the capability
to implement flat-rate and basic time-
of-use (TOU) billing. Only the load
profile meter, however, will provide the
capability to implement more advanced
critical-peak pricing, peak-time rebate
and real-time pricing billing tariffs.
These differences are important
because technical impacts affect imple-
mentation costs. Index meters typically
collect reads no more than a few times
per day, thus field-area network traffic
and backhaul requirements are relative-
ly low. Because index-based consump-
tion is calculated by subtracting latter
reads from former reads, little register
or channel configuration is required
in AMI system components, and back-
office configuration is relatively light
because of flat-rate or basic TOU pric-
ing structures. Field networks might
require additional density propagation
studies and equipment with a move to
load profile meters because of increased
network traffic, latency requirements
and the potential to handle pricing sig-
nals to consumers. Incremental systems
integration and application configura-
tion will be required to create, manage
and distribute complex rate tariff struc-
tures, baselines and validation, estima-
tion and editing (VEE) processes when
implementing demand management
programs.
Although lower cost index meters
might be attractive, such investments
should be evaluated carefully against
future-state functional road maps
because several technical and business
case implications exist when imple-
menting more advanced critical-peak
pricing, peak-time rebate and real-time
pricing tariffs to support demand man-
agement programs. Although regulatory
agencies may limit the amount of cost
Meter Configuration Trade-offs
DYNAMIC PRICING
BY MICHAEL PRICE AND MICHAEL CLEVELAND, DELOITTE CONSULTING LLP
recovery associated with AMI and smart
meter investments, initial procurement
of index-only meters may result in
incremental procurement, redeploy-
ment, systems and application con-
figuration, and ancillary costs if a utility
implements load profile meters later.
From a technical perspective, utili-
ties might encounter moderate or sig-
nificant impacts to assets on their AMI
infrastructures if initial deployments
primarily support index-only meters
with one-or two-way communication
capabilities. Beyond new meter pro-
curement, utilities might need to
address field-area network redesign
efforts, backhaul bandwidth limitations
and head-end meter data management
system (MDMS) or customer informa-
tion system (CIS) application recon-
figuration.
Deloitte analyzed three technical con-
figuration scenarios against five impact
areas: metrology, AMI network, MDMS,
middleware and CIS configuration.
Michael Price is a specialist leader and
Michael Cleveland is a manager with Deloitte
Consulting LLP. Both provide guidance to
power and utility clients as smart grid subject
matter leaders in addition to supporting and
developing Deloittes smart metering and
smart grid presence globally. Reach them at
michprice@deloitte.com and mcleveland@
deloitte.com.
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
1308pg_29 29 8/5/13 3:04 PM
30 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com
$
$
$
an initial deployment of index-only
meters and flat-rate or basic TOU bill-
ing against a secondary deployment of
load profile meters to implement the
same billing scheme. This approach
requires a mass meter exchange, net-
work propagation studies, additional
moderate systems integration and con-
figuration to headends, MDMS and
back-office applications. The utilitys
cost for these changes is significant. The
additional interval data could result in
bandwidth issues and AMI network re-
optimization issues. The MDMS likely
would be impacted further because of
additional data storage requirements
and VEE configuration. The middle-
ware likely would be impacted by the
configuration costs are likely similar
because index billing is consistent.
Technical configuration scenario three
(Figure 3) assumes full deployment of
load profile meters and associated inter-
val billing. In general, costs are consid-
erably higher because of additional field
devices to handle increased network
traffic; multiple interfaces to upstream
and downstream systems such as the
outage management system (OMS);
physical and logical channel manage-
ment and VEE configuration in meters
and the MDMS; and complex rate pro-
gram management within the CIS.
Deloitte explored two transition sce-
narios and associated technical impacts.
Transition scenario one considered
Technical configuration scenario one
assumes the procurement of index
meters to support flat-rate and basic
TOU billing. Technical configuration
scenario two assumes the procurement
of load profile meters to support flat-
rate and basic TOU billing. Technical
configuration scenario three assumes
the procurement of load profile meters
to support advanced TOU billing and
demand management capability.
Technical configuration scenario one
(Figure 1), implementing flat or basic
TOU billing via index meter configura-
tion, is the least intrusive option. Index
meter costs are lower than load profile
meter costs. AMI networks need only
handle limited reads and no events or
alarms. MDMS configuration for physi-
cal channels, rates, storage capacity
and validation is minimal. Middleware
configuration is relatively light because
of limited interfaces. In addtion, CIS
invoicing and bill print processes are
simplified.
Technical configuration scenario two
(Figure 2), initial deployments of load
profile meters configured for index
reads, adds only marginal costs to meter
procurement and asset configuration
costs compared with the first scenario.
Depending upon the utilitys decision
to collect interval data, meter events
and alarms, and other network data
requirements while still billing usage
from index reads, AMI network costs
could vary based on latency, topol-
ogy and interrogation volumes. MDMS
configuration costs vary depending on
whether interval data is in play and set-
ting up VEE. Middleware costs could
be impacted because of the potential
for multiple format translations if mul-
tiple AMI headends are employed. Yet,
compared to the previous scenario, CIS
Initial Investment in Single-register Smart Meters and Assets for Basic TOU Billing
COST QUANTITY COST IMPACTS
Electric Single-register
Smart Meter Unit CostResidential
$100 10,000 $1,000,000
Electric Single-register
Smart Meter Unit CostCommercial
$150 2,000 $300,000
Infrastructure $1,000,000
Meter Deployment $50 12,000 $600,000
System Integration $1,000,000
Corollary (training and maintenance) $10,000
Estimated Initial Investment for Single-register
Smart Meter Pilot for Basic TOU Billing
$3,910,000
Reinvestment in Multiregister Smart Meters and Assets for Advanced TOU Billing
Electric Multiregister Smart Meter
Unit CostResidential
$150 10,000 $1,500,000
Electric Multiregister Smart Meter
Unit CostCommercial
(Single-register smart meters are stranded assets.)
$300 2,000 $600,000
Infrastructure
(Assumes additional investment of $500,000 to accommodate advanced TOU billing.)
$500,000
Meter Deployment $50 12,000 $600,000
System Integration
(Assumes additional investment of $500,000 to accommodate advanced TOU billing.)
$500,000
Corollary (training and maintenance) $5,000
Estimated Reinvestment for Multiregister
Smart Meter Pilot for Advanced TOU Billing
$3,705,000
Estimated Cost Impacts for Investment Scenario 1 $7,615,000
INVESTMENT SCENARIO 1 1
1308pg_30 30 8/5/13 3:04 PM
August 2013 | 31
www.power-grid.com
$
approach can result in a negative overall
business case. Utilities should, there-
fore, approach these investment deci-
sions with a long-term view and consid-
er the configuration options holistically.
Many utilities prepare for the future
but do not necessarily invest aggres-
sively up front. In the second invest-
ment scenario, a utility may invest in
meters with load profile configurations
up front, the utility likely will imple-
ment advanced TOU billing later, which
will yield scalability issues. Utilities
in this situation likely will experience
duplicative and higher costs associated
with meter acquisition, meter deploy-
ment and supporting infrastructure, in
addition to stranded asset costs. Even
considering the benefits of demand
management and dynamic pricing, this
need to translate additional interval
data between the headend and MDMS.
The CIS likely would be impacted to
account for additional meter device
register configuration.
Transition scenario two considered
an initial deployment of load profile
meters configured to support a flat-rate
or basic TOU billing program against
the implementation of advanced pric-
ing tariffs. While the initial techni-
cal impacts to implement load pro-
file meters are significant, incremen-
tal hardware and network costs are
insignificant. Cost impacts are limited
generally to MDMS and CIS configura-
tions to support additional VEE, fram-
ing, complex billing, invoicing and
bill print. Redeployment costs of new
meters are mitigated in this scenario.
The AMI network, MDMS and middle-
ware infrastructure already would have
been built to handle higher-volume
interval data. This is a much smaller
project compared with transitioning
from index to load profile meters.
There are technical impacts as dem-
onstrated in these program transition
scenarios. These technical impacts can
directly drive cost and turn an initial,
positive business case negative when
implementing advanced billing and
demand management processes. This is
demonstrated further in the following
three investment scenarios.
In the first investment scenario, utili-
ties may invest in index meters because
of regulatory mandates, current state
business drivers or constrained fund-
ing. The business case is often posi-
tive because of low capital investment
and corollary costs. This assumes the
technology and customer programs
are sufficient per the business drivers.
Although this option might seem frugal
Initial Investment in Multiregister Smart Meters and Assets for Basic TOU Billing
COST QUANTITY COST IMPACTS
Electric Single-register
Smart Meter Unit CostResidential
$100 10,000 $1,500.000
Electric Single-register
Smart Meter Unit CostCommercial
$300 2,000 $600,000
Infrastructure $1,000,000
Meter Deployment $50 12,000 $600,000
System Integration $1,200,000
Corollary (training and maintenance) $10,000
Estimated Initial Investment for Multiregister
Smart Meter Pilot for Basic TOU Billing
$4,910,000
Reinvestment in Assets for Advanced TOU Billing
Infrastructure
(Assumes additional investment of $200,000 to accommodate advanced TOU billing.)
$200,000
System Integration
(Assumes additional investment of $500,000 to accommodate advanced TOU billing.)
$500,000
Corollary (training and maintenance) $10,000
Estimated Reinvestment for Multiregister
Smart Meter Pilot for Advanced TOU Billing
$710,000
Estimated Cost Impacts for Investment Scenario 2 $5,620,000
Initial Investment in Multiregister Smart Meters and Assets for Advanced TOU Billing
COST QUANTITY COST IMPACTS
Electric Single-register
Smart Meter Unit CostResidential
$150 10,000 $1,500,000
Electric Single-register
Smart Meter Unit CostCommercial
$300 2,000 $600,000
Infrastructure $1,200,000
Meter Deployment $50 12,000 $600,000
System Integration $1,500,000
Corollary (training and maintenance) $15,000
Estimated Cost Impacts for Investment Scenario 3 $5,415,000
INVESTMENT SCENARIO 2
INVESTMENT SCENARIO 3
2
3
1308pg_31 31 8/5/13 3:04 PM
32 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com
$
$
$
reinvestments in meter acquisition,
meter deployment, infrastructure, sys-
tem integration and corollary expenses.
Although this article focuses on the
capital outlays to support the alterna-
tive scenarios, utilities should factor
in total cost of ownership, including
operational expenditures.
Utilities that acknowledge evolv-
ing smart grid technologies, regula-
tory mandates, business drivers and
consumer pricing trends over a longer
horizon likely will make more informed
investment decisions that take tech-
nology and business scalability into
consideration from the beginning and
forecast drivers that might yield techni-
cal and cost impacts.
For more information or to review the
unabridged whitepaper, visit the Deloitte
Center for Energy Solutions, http://
deloitte.com/us/dynamicpricing.

capable of advanced TOU billing but
only implement flat-rate and basic
TOU billing to save on the other costs
and follow a prescribed
deployment strategy.
This strategy enables
the utility to implement
advanced TOU billing
when required with less
financial strain. This
typically results in a
positive business case
up front; however, the utility can expe-
rience a longer time to break even on
the investment because advanced TOU
billing is not implemented initially.
Looking at the business case, the utility
will invest more up front compared with
investment scenario onethe primary
cost differentials being the load profile
meter itself. Taking this anticipatory
approach will not incur the duplicative
costs for meter acquisition and meter
deployment; however, the utility still
might need to reinvest in supporting
infrastructure, system
integration and corol-
lary expenses to enable
advanced pricing tariffs.
If a utility invests
up front in load pro-
file meters and sup-
porting assets to enable
advanced TOU billing
in the third investment scenario, ini-
tial investments can be higher than
illustrated. Nevertheless, utilities that
implement advanced TOU billing up
front can realize benefits more rap-
idly. Despite an initially higher invest-
ment, the business case still has the
potential to be positive long term by
considering scalability and mitigating
against external drivers that could force
Utilities that
implement
advanced TOU
billing up front
can realize
benefits more
rapidly.
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 28
network components and systems),
documentation, procedures and
appropriate access are maintained.
Regularly assess audit results and
apply them to strategically correct
and improve your security.
Prepare for recovery. As a high-
profile target, SCADA systems must
be backed up and prepared for rapid
recovery should an attack take them
offline. Develop contingency proce-
dures to ensure business continuity
and disaster recovery for SCADA-
critical systems. Comprehensive
solutions include automatic off-site
backup, continuous data protection
and bare metal recovery to alternate
equipment.

SCADA vendors to find out which
of these can be disabled without violat-
ing support agreements, interrupting
service or causing downtime.
Monitor and log incidents.
Implement monitoring and log-
ging systems for all SCADA-critical
applications and infrastructure. By
recording incidents and assessing
alerts on the status of the system,
you can take proactive measures to
prevent attacks and avoid interrup-
tions in service. Solutions are avail-
able that can display all network
traffic (including SCADA applica-
tions) in real time, enabling a faster
response to emerging threats.
Establish change control and
configuration management.
Network configurations and system,
firewalls, access, applications and pro-
cedures can change. Any change can
affect other components and connec-
tions. Manage the configuration with
all changes documented and back-up
date to limit disruption and delays
in case of restarts. Applications are
available to control even complex
networked systems.
Conduct routine audits. Perform
a complete system check every six to
12 months. Periodically check the
event log for incidents to confirm
technological safeguards (firewalls,
8
9
10
7
Youre on the Target List of Cyberthugs; 10 Steps to Combat Vulnerability
1308pg_32 32 8/5/13 3:04 PM
August 2013 | 33
www.power-grid.com
Volt-VAR Optimization and the
Dynamic Electric Distribution Grid
BY JASON LOMBARDO, S&C ELECTRIC COMPANY
tems include, monitoring the automat-
ed switching devices for status changes,
integration with supervisory control and
data acquisition (SCADA) or monitoring
outage management systems where the
switching events are captured, or both.
Systems that use advanced heuristic algo-
rithms can be deployed to recalibrate the
volt/VAR optimization system to deter-
mine how best to control the distribution
assets when feeders are reconfigured or
loads are added to the system.
These solutions, however, can suffer
from a lack of integration if the utility is
using different solutions from different
vendors for various applications or if the
processes that capture changes are not
executed in a timely manner. This could
result in delays between when the switch-
ing events occur and when the topol-
ogy, connectivity and loading are updated
within the volt/VAR optimization system.
The best way to deal with this is to ensure
the switching events are communicated to
and captured by the volt/VAR optimiza-
tion system in real time. In addition, if a
separate system manages the switching
events, the two systems must share data
before, during and after the event to
T
odays electric distribution grid is
becoming more dynamic with the
introduction of distributed energy resourc-
es (DERs) such as solar photovoltaic sys-
tems and the deployment of automated
switching schemes.
These applications are modifying the
power flow of electricity along the distri-
bution systemsomething distribution
planning and engineering teams tradition-
ally have not considered as they plan for
the deployment of a volt/VAR optimiza-
tion system. Planning and engineering
includes placement of capacitor banks and
line voltage regulators and control system
configuration. If decisions are made with-
out cosidering DER, operational issues
with the distribution assets can occur. The
devices might not be in optimal locations
due to feeder switching events or power
being injected into the distribution system
because of DER. Volt/VAR optimization
systems, therefore, must become aware
of and adaptable to the ever changing
environment to provide the economic and
operational benefits utilities require from
them. Several challenges must be over-
come to ensure benefits are realized under
all dynamic system operating conditions.
Some challenges can be overcome with
advanced algorithms that take the power
flow direction, as well as advanced con-
trol monitoring into account. Others will
require more cohesive interaction among
the systems initiating the changes and
the volt/VAR optimization system, which
works to adjust and control the distribu-
tion assets to reduce demand, energy
consumption and system losses.
The most fundamental challenge for
volt/VAR optimization system designers
and engineers is to ensure the system
has the most up-to-date feeder topology
and connectivity model, including the
associated loading on the feeders. These
fundamental aspects drive all volt/VAR
optimization decisions; they dictate where
the distribution assets are located on the
feeders, as well as what loads are associ-
ated with individual feeders.
Whether volt/VAR optimization is used
to reduce demand, energy or distribution
losses, topology, connectivity and load-
ing come into play. This challenge comes
to light when feeders are reconfigured
through automated or manual switching
operations.
Some utilities that have deployed volt/
VAR optimization systems deal with this
challenge by disabling the volt/VAR opti-
mization until the feeders return to their
normal configurations. This is necessary
when there is no automated mechanism
to update the topology, connectivity and
loading within the volt/VAR optimization
system. Other utilities have addressed this
concern by using model-based systems
such as those in a distribution manage-
ment system (DMS), where the system
model is continuously updated in near
real time through device monitoring or
process input from the manual switching
events in the field. Other ways to address
this challenge using nonmodel-based sys-
Jason Lombardo is a product manager
at S&C Electric Company whose focus is grid
network control solutions for electric utilities.
He has been working with electric utilities and
telecommunication providers more than 10
years to deliver industry-leading products and
solutions. Reach him at jason.lombardo@
sandc.com
1308pg_33 33 8/5/13 3:04 PM
34 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com
thoroughly when deployed on feeders
with DER to ensure they are properly
accounting for DERs impact and mak-
ing the proper control decisions to meet
objectives. This issue is not necessarily
unique to model-based systems, however,
as rules-based and heuristic-based systems
must also properly adjust their algorithms
when DER is active on the system, which
is not easy.
All volt/VAR optimization systems
should be tested thoroughly to ensure they
are making the proper control decisions
when DER causes abnormal conditions
on distribution feeders. More research
and development is needed to address
the growing concern of DER and the
impact it has on the electric distribution
system as it relates to volt/VAR optimiza-
tion. Advancements such as the deploy-
ment of more intelligent inverters that can
help manage the voltage and VAR flow
from the DER systems and the ability to
monitor and control these assets, or both
could change how volt/VAR optimization
systems manage and interact with DER
systems. In addition, the deployment of
enhanced controls that can detect reverse
power flow and then modify their behav-
ior to adjust for this condition would be
beneficial when integrating them into the
volt/VAR optimization systems. Another
solution is to deploy and integrate bat-
tery storage technologies with volt/VAR
optimization systems. This would allow
the volt/VAR optimization system to use
these resources when required for voltage
control, as well as when enabling demand
and energy reduction across the system.
With these capabilities and others, volt/
VAR optimization systems could better
manage the impact DER has on distribu-
tion feeders to ensure that power and
voltage are delivered within tolerance and
as efficiently as possible.

ensure the switching actions achieve the
desired results while the volt/VAR opti-
mization system continues to achieve its
objectives.
Even with this level of integration, one
objective might not be met because of
conflicting needs, which points further
to the need to have integrated solutions
that can determine how best to meet all
operational objectives simultaneously. An
example of where an integrated solution
could provide additional benefits would
be a deployment in which the volt/VAR
optimization system and the feeder auto-
mation system work together to ensure
power is restored to as many customers
as possible and acceptable voltage lev-
els are maintained after the feeders are
reconfigured. Another example would be
in situations where load management
is required on the feeders because of a
system overload where the feeder automa-
tion system and the volt/VAR optimization
system would work together to determine
the optimal solution for the overload situ-
ation (e.g., switching and load reduction).
Another challenge for utilities comes
with the introduction of DER into the
distribution grid. This creates a much
more complex issue that affects volt/VAR
optimization systems abilities to continue
to achieve their objectives. First, based on
IEEE 1547, utilities do not have the abil-
ity to monitor or control customer-owned
DER systems, so their only way to manage
the impact of DER on their systems is to
try and shock absorb it by changing how
they operate and control capacitor banks,
line regulators and substation load tap
changers. Whether such assets are located
close to the customer-owned DER will
dictate how well a utility can manage the
impact of these systems. All of this has
made it difficult for volt/VAR optimiza-
tion systems to handle situations where
there is a significant volume of DER on
the distribution feeders they are trying to
manage. Some capacitor and line regula-
tor controls, however, can detect reverse
power flow from DER resources and make
certain operational adjustments to account
for the reverse flow. Nevertheless, most
operational adjustments these controls
make are not available to the volt/VAR
optimization system today because they
typically are local protection schemes that
are not accessible by remote systems.
In cases where the local control changes
its operating scheme to account for reverse
power flow, the volt/VAR optimization sys-
tem loses its ability to control those assets
and therefore cannot make the proper
adjustments to fully optimize the system
when this condition occurs on the feeders.
This issue could be somewhat alleviated,
however, if the local control allowed the
volt/VAR optimization system to continue
to manage it. They system must, however,
recognize the reverse power flow condi-
tion and adjust the optimization control
algorithm to account for it. Otherwise it
might make incorrect decisions when it
comes to adjusting the operational status
of the asset, such as raising or lowering the
voltage on a line regulator or tripping or
closing a capacitor bank. This is especially
important in situations where the line
regulator control can reverse its voltage
adjustment.
The other issue that DER can introduce
is the ability for the model-based volt/VAR
optimization systems to properly model
the unbalanced reverse power flow condi-
tion. This is a complex modeling exercise
that could result in unnecessary or non-
optimal control adjustments being taken
by the volt/VAR optimization system if the
model does not properly account for the
DER impact. Because of this, model-based
systems should be analyzed and tested
1308pg_34 34 8/5/13 3:04 PM
August 2013 | 35
www.power-grid.com
Reliability for Hire: Go Beyond
Business as Usual or Risk Obsolescence
BY ALYSSA FARRELL, SAS
unscheduled maintenance except
during unplanned incidents.
TURNING DATA INTO INSIGHT
Information available to asset
managers is ripe for analytics that
turn data into insights. If IT and OT
continue to merge, utilities soon could
see social media, predictive analytics
and enhanced data visualization impact
reliability.
Reliability professionals must build
partnerships with IT to successfully
U
tilities are under pressure to optimize
asset replacement funds, improve
operating efficiencies and meet regulatory
requirements for adopting smart grid tech-
nologies. Grid reliability also is threatened
by forces of nature outside the utilitys con-
trol (Figure 1) and more distributed energy
resources. Large capital investments are
needed, but rate increases are difficult to
secure. Managing assets in the usual reac-
tive fashion will not allow utilities to meet
growing business demands.
RELIABILITY PARADIGM CHANGES
Much has been written about the con-
vergence of information technology (IT)
and operations technology (OT) in the
utility industry. Few areas of the business
have as much to gain through this inter-
section as reliability and maintenance. By
analyzing asset data with prevention in
mind, utilities can re-engineer processes to
do more with less.
For example, a U.S.-based transmis-
sion and distribution company wanted
to use analytics to improve reliability and
operational performance for its 2.5 million
metered customers. It had expended sig-
nificant resources for transformer repairs
and wondered why failures occurred and
how to improve. The transformers were
not equiped with intelligent sensors, but
the company had secondary data from
which to build predictive models, includ-
ing load profile, physical characteristics,
associated meter and weather data, as well
as geospatial locations and outage history.
Even with little data, the company believed
it could build a predictive model based on
data related to dumb transformers.
Smart grid analytics allow the company
to identify critical factors driving trans-
former failures. These models enable pro-
active prediction of pending transformer
failures, allowing the utility to streamline
planning and coordination required for
transformer placement and maintenance.
In the process, the utility can:
Improve methods to anticipate trans-
former failures;
Enhance regular equipment mainte-
nance schedules;
Reduce repair truck rolls for
Alyssa Farrell leads global industry marketing for SAS business within the energy sector, includ-
ing utilities and oil and gas. Farrell is a member of the North Carolina Technology Association
Green Technologies Council and contributes to the product strategy for SAS sustainability software
portfolio. Prior to joining SAS, she was a senior consultant in the Deloitte Public Sector practice.
She earned her MBA degree with a concentration in management information systems from the
University of Arizona. She also holds a bachelor of arts degree from Duke University.
Source: Electric Grid Disruptions and Extreme Weather.
30,000,000
25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
5,000,000
C
u
s
t
o
m
e
r
s

A
f
f
e
c
t
e
d
Weather-and Non-Weather-Related
178 Million Customers (Meters)
1
9
9
2
1
9
9
3
1
9
9
4
1
9
9
5
1
9
9
6
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
8
1
9
9
9
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
2
0
0
4
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
6
2
0
0
7
2
0
0
8
2
0
0
9
2
0
1
0
2
0
1
1
US ELECTRIC GRID DISTURBANCES 1992-2011
Total Weather Related
Non-weather Related
1308pg_35 35 8/5/13 3:04 PM
36 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com
TWITTER.COM #COMED 2
Reducedworkforceovertime.
Toachievetheseresults,utilityreliability
professionals must make the best use of
dataintegration,automation,analysisand
predictive analytics to boost uptime, per-
formanceandproductivitywhilelowering
maintenancecostsandtheriskofrevenue
loss. Capital-intensive companies, includ-
ing utilities, have used software to enable
predictive and preventive maintenance of
their assets with minimal disruption to
production(Figure3).
ENHANCED DATA VISUALIZATION
Maintenanceprofessionalshavetomas-
ter the science of physics and the art of
interpretation.Thetruemeaningofinfor-
mationlockedupinnumericaldatacanbe
understoodonlyafteryearsofexperience.
With an aging workforce and increasing
varietyoftheutilityassets,experiencecan
be a guide for only so long. New tools
mustbebroughtintohelpspeedthedeliv-
eryofnewinsights.
Visual data exploration lets users cor-
relate events, identify key relationships
and make more precise decisions, faster
deployandmaintaintheseapplications
andthedatathatsupportthem.
SOCIAL MEDIA
Griping, boasting, informing; tweets
of all kinds abound on Twitter. Twitter is
the social media application that allows
users to share snippets of text. The text
ofthetweettypicallycontainsastatement
of opinion or fact and can also link to
newsstories,photosorothertweets.Users
searchforandfollowothertweetsbytag-
gingthecommentsusingahashtag(#).
For example, ComEdison has the
hashtag #ComEd. A recent survey of
tweets (Figure 2) showed relatively high
activityduringarecentpoweroutage.All
Twitter information, Facebook pages and
LinkedIngroupsarepublic.
Transientsocialmediacontentcanbea
valuableinformationassetiftheutilitycan
continuously monitor, capture and inte-
grateonlineandsocialconversationdata.
For reliability professionals, having tools
to identify important topics and content
categories, and determine their relevance
to customers and operations, can help
pinpointareasthatneedattention.
In the future, customers might turn to
social media outlets as a way to vocalize
community needs to the utility. Analytics
brings insight to the rapidly changing
worldofsocialmediabyinterpretingsen-
timent and data mining the unstructured
textforcluesaboutongoingoperations.
PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS
The use of basic monitoring consoles
providedbyassetmanufacturersarelimit-
edinscopeandprovideisolatedviewsthat
are prevalent in capital-intensive indus-
tries. The processes are driven mostly by
domainknowledgeandbiasedjudgment,
and are resource-intensive, time consum-
ing and create many false alerts. This is
reactivemaintenance,whichmeansfixing
a problem as quickly as possible after it
occurrs.
Utilitiesareinvestinginsensortechnolo-
giesthataddalayerofintelligencetonet-
workedassets.Inadditiontomanagingbig
data,utilitiesneedtomovefromareactive
orcondition-monitoringmodetoapredic-
tive planning mode, especially for critical
assets. Addressing service needs as they
occur rather than proactively anticipating
themcostsmoreinthelongrunbothin
terms of personnel, equipment and cus-
tomersatisfaction.
Usingpredictiveanalyticstoalertautil-
ity to upcoming maintenance needs can
improveassetperformance,optimizeout-
agesandreduceoverallmaintenancecosts.
Thisapproachalsoresultsin:
Reducedcapacitylossesduetounex-
pectedshutdowns.
Avoidedhealth,safetyorenviron-
mentalviolationsandresultingfinan-
cialpenalties.
Reducedprolongedoutages,which
affecttheutilitysreputation.
Increasedabilitytomeetservicelevel
agreements.
1308pg_36 36 8/5/13 3:04 PM
August 2013 | 37
www.power-grid.com
SAS PREDICTIVE ASSET MAINTENANCE 3
Achieving IT/OT Convergence using
Advanced Communication Networks
Originally broadcast: May 21, 2013, 2:00pm EST, sponsor: ABB Tropos
From Project to Deployment: Realizing
Benefts with ADMS Technology
Originally broadcast: January 30, 2013, 3:00pm EST, sponsor: Schneider Electric
How Oncor Restored 20 Percent of Outages
Before Customers Knew They Occurred
Originally broadcast: January 29, 2013, 2:30pm EST, sponsor: Intergraph
F
B
O
A
A
Or
H
B
Or
Dont Miss These
www.power-grid.com www.elp.com
Go to http://pgi.hotims.com for more information.
capital investments that can be deferred by
extending the lifetime of aging assets.
As IT and OT converge and assets
become digitized, maintenance and reli-
ability engineers are applying analytics to
derive value from big data.


than before. Analytically savvy users can
quickly identify opportunities or concerns,
so further investigation can be quick.
Enhanced data visualization is a perfect
marriage to the high volume, low latency
data of most complex maintenance appli-
cations. The ability to parse the data,
quickly search for outliers and display
results on a map can shorten outages,
inlcuding those caused by storms. With
higher visibility for service time restora-
tion, utilities need tools to communicate
with key stakeholders who are not familiar
with the underlying data sources.
MAKING (DOLLARS AND)
SENSE OF ASSET ANALYTICS
While its impossible to prevent every
outage, the analytics available to reliability
and maintenance engineers enable pro-
active resource management, including
assets, workforce and supply chain.
Priorities will be set based on business
cases. In the example mentioned earlier
in this article, reduced contractor hours
justified the decision. For other utili-
ties, decisions will be determined by the
1308pg_37 37 8/5/13 3:05 PM
PRODUCTS
38 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com
TP-LINK
TP-LINK, a global provider of networking products, has
delivered a series of gigabit Ethernet switches that break
new ground for price and performance for any business
looking to upgrade their LAN. TP-LINKs Jetstream 24-Port
and Jetstream 24-Port PoE L2 managed switches are
some of the most cost-effective solutions on the market
for small and medium businesses. These gigabit access
layer switches offer rich management capabilities, strict
security policies and reliable performance. Both deliver
maximum throughput to high-performance workgroups at
the edge of the network. They also feature 4 gigabit SFP
slots to give users greater network flexibility.
TP-LINK
GO TO HTTP://PGI.HOTIMS.COM FOR MORE INFORMATION
Ruggedized Ethernet
Switch/Router
RAD Data Communications, the
manufacturer of Service Assured
Networking solutions for utilities
and transportation networks, has
launched its new ruggedized IEC
61850-3 and IEEE 1613 compliant
SecureFlow Ethernet switch/router.
SecureFlow provides flexible connectivity for Ethernet
intelligent electronic devices and older serial remote
terminal units with full redundancy over various topolo-
gies using fiber-optic rings, 2/3G cellular modems and
external radio systems. The gateway function enables
it to comprehend Ethernet IED and serial RTU proto-
cols, so, in utility applications, SecureFlow can convert
old IEC-101 SCADA protocols to the new IEC-104
IP-compatible equivalents, or Modbus serial to IP, DNP3
and others. These conversions enable seamless com-
munication of IP SCADA to both old and new RTUs.
RAD Data Communications
GO TO HTTP://PGI.HOTIMS.COM FOR MORE INFORMATION
Revenue-grade Submeters
Leviton has expanded its revenue-
grade line of VerifEye submeters with
the addition of the Series 3300 and
Series 3500 models. Featuring advanced communication
protocols, these highly accurate 0.5 percent accuracy-
class kWh/demand meters enable tracking, monitoring
and verification of real-time energy usage in commercial
and industrial environments. Both meters deliver universal
voltage performance and easily integrate with building
management systems.
Ideal for typical three-phase, three-wire (Delta) and
three-phase, four-wire (WYE) circuits applications, VerifEye
Series 3300 and 3500 provide kVA, kVAR, PF and per-
phase voltage measurements. Both models feature
time-of-use readings and a user-friendly LCD display that
provides quick, easy visualization of power status and
signal strength. The meters are designed for installation in
facilities that are seeking to implement a comprehensive
energy management program where the ability to bench-
mark, load shed, allocate costs and efficiently bill tenants,
as well as comply with green building programs and gov-
ernment mandates is desirable.
Leviton
GO TO HTTP://PGI.HOTIMS.COM FOR MORE INFORMATION
Field Test Station
TESCOs new Field Test Station (Catalog
No. 2200-F) provides metering profession-
als with exceptional testing flexibility. The
Field Test Station includes a zero insertion
force (ZIF) meter socket, voltage and form selection, and
connection points to link it with a TESCO Field Test Kit
(Catalog No. 621, 630 or GA Series). When combined
with a Field Test Kit, the Field Test Station creates a single
position, stand-alone, meter accuracy testing device for
socket-based meters. Power for the Field Test Station can
be supplied via inverter/120VAC or by customer potential
via TESCO Field Test Kit. The Field Test Station, with the
proper load box, boasts a 50 amp max current source and
operates on voltages up to 480 V.
TESCO
GO TO HTTP://PGI.HOTIMS.COM FOR MORE INFORMATION
1308pg_38 38 8/5/13 3:05 PM
CALENDAR
August 2013 | 39
www.power-grid.com
N
O
V
E
M
B
E
R
J
A
N
U
A
R
Y
DistribuTECH 2014: The industrys most comprehensive
conference on automation, smart grid and T&D
engineering. Jan. 28-30, 2014, San Antonio. Phone
918.832.9265 www.distributech.com
1421 S. Sheridan Road, Tulsa, OK 74112
P.O. Box 1260 : Tulsa, OK 74101
918.835.3161, fax 918.831.9834
http://pennwell.com
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, NORTH AMERICAN
POWER GENERATION GROUP
Richard Baker
918.831.9187 richardb@pennwell.com
PRODUCTION MANAGER
Daniel Greene
918.831.9401 danielg@pennwell.com
ADVERTISING TRAFFIC MANAGER
Dillon Waters
918-831-9454 dillonw@pennwell.com
SALES DIRECTOR, WESTERN,
INTERNATIONAL SALES MANAGER
Candice Doctor
918.831.9884 fax 918.831.9834
candiced@pennwell.com
EASTERN REGIONAL
SALES MANAGER
Tom Leibrandt
918.831.9184 fax 918.831.9834 toml@pennwell.com
CHINA & HONG KONG SALES MANAGER
Adonis Mak
ACT International
Unit B, 13/F, Por Yen Building
478 Castle Peak Road, Cheung Sha Wan
Kowloon, Hong Kong
+86.138.252.678.23 fax +852.2.838.2766
adonism@actintl.com.hk
ISRAEL SALES MANAGER
Daniel Aronovic
Margola Ltd.
1/1 Rashi Street, Raanana 43214 Israel
phone/fax +972.9.899 5813
aronovic@actcom.co.il
SENIOR DISTRIBUTECH EXHIBIT
& SPONSORSHIP SALES MANAGER
Sandy Norris
918.831.9115 fax 918.831.9834
sandyn@pennwell.com
DISTRIBUTECH EXHIBIT &
SPONSORSHIP SALES MANAGER
Melissa Ward
918.831.9116 fax 918.831.9834
mward@pennwell.com
REPRINTS
Rhonda Brown
219.878.6094 fax 219.561.2023
rhondab@fosterprinting.com
ADVERTISER. ............................ PG#
ACLARA ..................................... 3
DNV KEMA ......................... 16-17
DISTRIBUTECH ....................... 23
DISTRIBUTECH AFRICA ........ 10
ELECTRO INDUSTRIES ............ 6
ELSTER ....................................C4
ENOSERV ................................ 11
FLIR ............................................ 9
HD ELECTRIC COMPANY ....... 8
HUBBEL POWER
SYSTEMS INC ......................C3
INDIAN ELECTRICAL
& ELECTRONICS
MANUFACTURERS
ASSOCIATION ......................C2
POWERGRID INTERNATIONAL
WEBCASTS ............................. 37
S&C ELECTRIC
COMPANY ...................... 14-15
SCHWEITZER ENGINEERING
LABORATORIES ........................ 5
TAEHWATRANS ........................ 7
TATTLETALE PORTABLE
ALARM SYSTEMS .................. 1
UTILITY PRODUCTS
CONFERENCE & EXPO ......... 21
S
E
P
T
E
M
B
E
R
O
C
T
O
B
E
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23 25
2
nd
Annual Utility Analytics Week
www.utilityanalyticsweek.com
Atlanta
24 26
DistribuTECH Brasil
www.distributechbrasil.com
Sao Paulo
16 19
International Linemans
Rodeo & Expo
www.linemansrodeokc.com
Overland Park, Kan.
21 24
Solar Power International
www.solarpowerinternational.com
Chicago
28 30
GridWeek 2013
www.gridweek.com
Washington, DC
5 8
Urban Land Institute Fall Meeting
www.ulifall.org
Chicago
12 14
POWER-GEN International/
Renewable Energy World North
America
www.power-gen.com
Orlando, Fla.
20 22
Greenbuild International
Conference and Expo
www.greenbuildexpo.org
Philadelphia
27 30
AESP 24th National Conference
www.aesp.org
San Diego
27 28
Electric Light & Power Executive
Conference
www.elpconference.com
San Antonio
28 30
DistribuTECH
Conference & Exhibition
www.distributech.com
San Antonio
28 30
Utility Products
Conference & Exposition
www.utilityproductsexpo.com
San Antonio
1308pg_39 39 8/5/13 3:05 PM
40 | August 2013
www.power-grid.com
1928
The Modern Lineman
1940
Largest Customer Substation Operated by Remote Control
Fairfield Substation in Birmingham, Ala., a 70,000 kva unattended customer
substation, is one of the latest additions to Alabama Power Co.
1956
Women to Help Double Supply of Engineers by 2055
Morris D. Hooven, president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, writes a
letter to the future president of the Institute, which is sealed in the Vault of the Future
at The George Washington University until 2055. It reads, Dear Sir or Madam:
Simple arithmetic shows that if we are to meet the demands for scientists and engineers
which your generation will present to the community, we must consider doubling our
basic source of supply to taking in the womenfolk.
1958
Objectives, Economics in Planning Distribution Expansion
D.N. Reps, a distribution engineer with Westinghouse Electric Corp., writes, Voltage
limitations and var control can be main factors on which depend economies, losses, and
quality of service.
1981
Peak Demand Down 30 Percent With TOD Rates
The Wisconsin Residential Time-of-Day Rate Demonstration Project shows that test
rates tend to reduce demand during a customers peak period, although it is not clear
whether there is a tendency toward a compensating off-peak increase in demand.
1990
Mobile Data System Speeds Service Restoration
Electric Light & Power Senior Editor Wayne Beaty writes that using mobile two-way data
communications and computers is one way to increase crew efficiency both for normal
construction and repair, as well as responding to emergency outage situations.
OF EL ECTRI CI TY HI S TORY

AUGUS T
1308pg_40 40 8/5/13 3:05 PM
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In todays world,
whats more
important than
being connected?
Your business today is about much more than
delivering reliable electricity. Its about forging strong
connections with your customers, your community
and your government leaders. Its about connecting
your smart grid data with the people and business
processes that need it. And its about linking todays
business and technology needs with those of tomorrow.
Elster provides the vital connections you need to achieve
these objectives. With essential solutions like smart
meters, advanced metering infrastructure, meter data
management, network communications, data analytics
and pre-integrated grid management applications
that adapt to your business processes, Elster is helping
utilities everywhere unlock the value of their meter data.
How can we help you?
Elster vital connections for a brighter energy future.
Elster 2013
Elster Solutions | elster.com/en/elster-solutions | 800-786-2215 | 208 S. Rogers Lane | Raleigh, NC 27603
1308pg_C4 4 8/5/13 3:05 PM