Manual 1HSE96002-12

Manual Outdoor instrument transformers
Table of contents
General information
Outdoor instrument transformers Definitions Packaging, transport and storage
3 4 6
IMB 36-800 kV
Installation Maintenance Oil sampling Tan- measurement
8 10 12 14
EMF 52-170 kV
Installation Maintenance Oil sampling
16 18 19
CPB 72-800 kV
Installation Maintenance Oil sampling
20 23 24
CCB 72-800 kV
Installation Maintenance
26 27
Optional accessories
Surge arrester Manometer Anti-condensation heater Spark gap device Oil test plug Oil test valve PLC carrier accessories PQSensor Undrilled top plate C2 test outlet
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 38 40 41
Pre-/post-energizing
Life cycle analysis Troubleshooting Checklist
42 44 45
2 Table of contents | Manual
Outdoor instrument transformers
ABB has been producing instrument transformers for more than 60 years. Thousands of our products perform vital functions in electric power networks around the world day after day, all year round. Their main applications include revenue metering, control, indication and relay protection.
All instrument transformers supplied by ABB are tailor-made to meet the needs of our customers. An instrument transformer must be capable of withstanding very high stresses in all climatic conditions. We design and manufacture our products for a service life of at least 30 years. Actually, most last even longer.
Thank you for purchasing an ABB outdoor instrument transformer. Please carefully read the applicable parts of this manual before installing and energizing the instrument transformer. The manual should be saved for future reference for the entire service life of the instrument transformer. The figures in this manual are only intended for illustrative purposes. Please contact your local ABB office if you have any questions.
Manual | Outdoor instrument transformers 3
Definitions
System voltage The system voltage is the maximum voltage (phase to phase), expressed in kV RMS, of the system for which the equipment is intended. It is also known as maximum system voltage. Rated insulation level The combination of voltage values that characterize the insulation of an instrument transformer with regard to its capability to withstand dielectric stresses. The rated value given is valid for altitudes 1000 m above sea level. A correction factor is introduced for higher altitudes. Lightning impulse test The lightning impulse test is performed with a standardized wave shape 1.2/50 s for simulation of lightning overvoltage. Rated power frequency withstand voltage This test is to show that the apparatus can withstand the power frequency overvoltages that can occur. The rated power frequency withstand voltage indicates the required withstand voltage. The value is expressed in kV RMS. Rated SIWL For voltages 300 kV the power-frequency voltage test is partly replaced by the switching impulse test. The wave shape 250/2500 s simulates switching overvoltage. The rated switching impulse withstand level (SIWL) indicates the required withstand level phase-to-ground (phase to-earth). The value is expressed in kV as a peak value. Rated chopped wave impulse withstand voltage, phase-toground The rated chopped wave impulse withstand level at 2 s and 3 s respectively, indicates the required withstand level phase-toground (phase-to-earth). Installation altitude If installed >1000 m above sea level, the external dielectric strength is reduced due to the lower density of the air. Always specify the installation altitude and normal rated insulation levels. ABB will make the needed correction when an altitude higher than 1000 meters ASL is specified. Internal insulation is not affected by installation altitude, and dielectric routine tests will be performed at the rated insulation levels. Creepage distance The creepage distance is defined as the shortest distance along the surface of an insulator between high voltage and ground.
Rated frequency The rated (power) frequency is the nominal frequency of the system expressed in Hz for which the instrument transformer is designed to operate. Standard frequencies are 50 Hz and 60 Hz. Other frequencies, such as 16 2/3 Hz and 25 Hz, might be applicable for some railway applications. Ambient temperature Average 24-hour ambient temperature above the standardized +35C influences the thermal design of the transformer and must therefore be specified. Pollution level Environmental conditions with respect to pollution are sometimes categorized in pollution levels. Five pollution levels are described in IEC 60815-1. Wind load The specified wind load for an instrument transformer intended for outdoor normal conditions is based on a wind speed of 34 m/s. Rated primary current The rated current (sometimes referred to as rated current, nominal current or rated continuous current) is the maximum continuous current the equipment is allowed to carry. The current is expressed in A RMS. The maximum continuous thermal current is based on an average 24-hour ambient temperature of +35C. It should be selected about 1040% higher than the estimated operating current. The closest standardized value should be chosen. Extended current ratings A factor that multiplied by the rated current gives the maximum continuous load current and the limit for accuracy. Standard values for extended primary current are 120, 150 and 200% of rated current. Unless otherwise specified, the rated continuous thermal current shall be the rated primary current. Rated secondary current The standard values are 1, 2 and 5 A. 1 A gives an overall lower load requirement through lower cable load. Rated short-time thermal current (Ith) The rated short-time withstand current is the maximum current (expressed in kA RMS) that the equipment shall be able to carry for a specified time duration. Standard values for duration are 1 or 3 s. Ith depends on the short-circuit power of the grid and can be calculated from the formula: Ith = Pk (MW) / Um (kV) x 3 kA.
4 Definitions | Manual
Rated dynamic current (Idyn) The dynamic short-time current is according to IEC, Idyn = 2.5 x Ith and according to IEEE, Idyn = 2.7 x Ith Primary reconnection The ampere turns for a current transformer always remain the same, and consequently, the load capacity (load) remains the same. The short-circuit capacity however, may be reduced for the lower ratios. Primary reconnection is available for currents at ratios 2:1 or 4:2:1. Secondary reconnection Extra secondary terminals (taps) are run from the secondary winding. The load capacity drops as the ampere turns decrease on the taps, but the short-circuit capacity remains constant. Each core can be individually reconnected. Load The external impedance in the secondary circuit in ohms at the specified power factor. It is usually expressed as the apparent power in VA -, which is taken up at the rated secondary current. It is important to determine the power consumption of connected meters and relays including the cables. RCT The secondary winding resistance at 75C Instrument security factor (FS) To protect meters and instruments from being damaged by high currents, an FS factor of 5 or 10 is often specified for measuring cores. This means that the secondary current will increase a maximum of 5 or 10 times when the rated load is connected. FS10 is normally sufficient for modern meters. Accuracy limit factor (ALF) The protection cores must be able to reproduce the fault current without being saturated. The overcurrent factor for protection cores is called ALF. ALF of 10 or 20 is commonly used. Both FS and ALF are valid at the rated load only. At a lower load the FS and ALF will increase. Simultaneous load (IEC) Metering windings and protection windings not connected in open delta are considered as under simultaneous load. A protection winding connected in open delta is not considered as a simultaneous load.
Voltage factor (FV) It is important that the voltage transformer, for thermal and protection reasons, can withstand and reproduce the continuousfault overvoltages that can occur in the grid. The overvoltage factor is abbreviated as FV. The IEC standard specifies a voltage factor of 1.2 continuously and simultaneously 1.5/30 s. for systems with effective grounding with automatic fault tripping, and 1.9/8 h for systems with insulated neutral points without automatic ground fault systems. Accuracy, according to IEC, for measuring windings is fulfilled between 0.8 and 1.2 x rated voltage and for protection windings up to the voltage factor (1.5 or 1.9 x rated voltage). Thermal limit load Thermal limit load is the total power the transformer can supply without excessively high temperature rise. The transformer is engineered so that it can be loaded with the impedance corresponding to the load at rated voltage, multiplied by the square of the voltage factor. This means that at a voltage factor of 1.9/8 h, for example, the limit load = total rated load x 1.92. The transformer cannot be subjected to a higher limit load without exceeding the rated load. Consequently, because of load considerations, it is unnecessary to specify a higher thermal limit load. Ferro resonance Ferro resonance is a potential source of transient overvoltage. Three-phase and single-phase switching, blown fuses, and broken conductors can result in overvoltage when ferro resonance occurs between the magnetizing impedance of a transformer and the system capacitance of the isolated phase or phases. For example, the capacitance could be as simple as a length of cable connected to the ungrounded winding of a transformer. Another example of ferro resonance occurring is when an inductive voltage transformer is connected in parallel with a large grading capacitor across the gap of a circuit breaker. Ferro resonance is usually known as a series resonance.
Manual | Definitions 5
Packaging, transport and storage
General information As far as the height permits, instrument transformers are shipped vertically in packages of three or as single units; see Figure 1 on the next page. Single units can also be shipped in the horizontal position depending on the type of transformer. Note! Transformers delivered in horizontal creates shall always be transported, if transported horizontally, with the same side up as when delivered. Special optional accessories, such as Roxtec cable entry kits and certain ground terminals, are kept in the terminal box or are secured inside the crate together with the primary terminals. Dampers, adapters, surge arrester etc. are secured to the bottom of the crate or packed in a separate crate. The crate materials and packing methods for instrument transformer are specified in the following chapters of this document. Crate markings The following applies to crates: - A packing list and unpacking instructions are stapled to the inside of the crate. - All crates transported in the vertical position are marked with position tags that are stapled on opposite sides of the crate. - The center of gravity is marked on two opposite sides of the crate. - The crate label is painted on all four sides. The gross weight is painted on two opposite sides of the crate. - When transported horizontally, the goods label is stapled on two sides of the crate, both the long and the short side. For vertical transportation the goods label is stapled on the two short sides of the crate. - The crate is marked with international pictorial markings on at least two sides, i.e. ISPM 15, UN3363, Marine Pollutant and label of class 9+ label marine pollutants. Crate disposal The crates consist of a bottom frame, sides and cover made of wood. There are also a number of nails, screws and brackets. Furthermore, there are strips of felt or foam rubber to protect the paint (only applicable for painted units). These components can be recycled according to local regulations. Heat treatment of crates The wooden transport crates have been debarked and heat treated in conjunction with kiln drying.
The wood crate material is approved under SWPP, the Swedish Wood Packing Program, and fulfills the requirements for treatment and marking stipulated in the FAO standard ISPM 15. The treated crates are marked with the ISPM 15 symbol to certify that they have been subjected to approved measures. The marking is clearly visible on at least two opposite sides of the crate. Transportation An instrument transformer is packed in an export crate, designed to withstand the stresses of transport and storage. However, the following have to be considered during transport: - The instrument transformer must be handled with care to avoid mechanical damage. - Lifting of the crate is preferably by forklift. If slings are used, make sure that the slings pass outside the crossbar at the bottom of the crate to avoid the risk of dropping the crate. - Transformers packed vertically must not be tilted more than 45 during transport or storage. Caution! Transformers delivered in horizontal creates shall always be transported, if transported horizontally, with the same side up as when delivered. Unpacking Instructions for unpacking and lifting accompany each transformer. When unpacking, check the contents of the crate against the packing list attached inside each crate, and inform the nearest ABB representative if there is a discrepancy. Crate damage may be a sign of rough transport. Immediately register all claims regarding any visible damage to the crates or the contents, as well as any shortages, with the carrier and the appropriate insurance agent. In the event of damage, it is advisable to take photos. Caution! Do not install or attempt to repair any transformer showing visible damages. Be especially observant of signs of oil leakage and insulator damage, and that oil is visible in the oil level glass on the transformer. Leakage must be immediately localized.
6 Packaging, transport and storage | Manual
Storage The unit must be stored on a flat and stable surface with a suitable load capacity, and if possible, in its original packaging. Caution! Transformers delivered in horizontal creates shall always be stored with the same side up as when delivered. For extended storage, the contact surfaces should be protected from corrosion. Before placing in service, ensure that all contact surfaces are thoroughly cleaned. If the unit is stored horizontally under unfavorable climatic conditions, corrosion can occur on secondary terminals and accessories in the terminal box. This because drainage is optimized for the upright position only. When stored horizontally, the terminal box must be checked for condensation and penetrating moisture. Before long-term storage, appropriate measures must be taken, such as connecting any available heating elements, or placing silica gel or an equivalent drying agent in the terminal box. This applies for storage of up to two years. For longer storage of up to five years, the transformer must be stored indoors or under a roof. The maximum time for storage in the original crate without any protection is six months. If the transformer is stored protected, make sure the building is very well ventilated.
Caution! Do not install or attempt to repair any transformer showing visible damages. For capacitor voltage transformers and coupling capacitors, power losses may result from capacitor components that have not been energized for an extended period.. After connecting the capacitors to the rated voltage, power losses will begin to decrease. They will likely recover their original values after a period of continuous operation at rated voltage. Note that although the trend of increasing power loss is counteracted after a period of time in operation, the site power loss measurements may still show a slight discrepancy in relation to factory values due to the much lower test voltage applied on site. Note! Horizontal creates can be stacked with maximum three creates for transformers of system voltages up to and including 362kV and two for system voltages in the range of 420-800kV.
1 Example of a single unit packed using a horizontal single package | 2 Example of three units packed using vertical three pack 1 2
Manual | Packaging, transport and storage 7
IMB 36-800 kV
Installation
CAUTION '%98-32
FOR YOUR SAFETY *36=3967%*)8=
-27869'8-32&33/
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO HANDLE, INSTALL, (3238%88)1883,%2(0) USE OR SERVICE THIS PRODUCT BEFORE READING THE INSTRUCTION -278%0097)367)6:-') MANUAL. 8,-7463(9'8&)*36)6)%(-2+ Failure to read the instruction manual prior to performing these actions can lead to 8S(S7S0IIHXS&SHMP]-RNYV] serious injury and/or damage.
SV4VSTIVX](EQEKISV&SXL
Delivery Check the transformer for any transport damages immediately upon delivery. Damage to packaging may be a sign of rough handling. Note any damage (it is advisable to take pictures) and contact the appropriate insurance company. Check the transformer. Be especially observant of signs of oil leakage and insulator damage and that oil is visible in the oil level glass. Leakage must be immediately localized. Lifting the instrument transformer Each package is delivered with detailed lifting instructions that must be complied with when lifting. Any deviation from the instructions may harm the product. If the transformer is delivered in the vertical position, be sure to carefully read the instructions since tilting the product may be harmful. The detailed lifting instructions can be sent separately if requested. Please contact your ABB representative for further information. Caution! The current transformer has to be placed in the vertical position for at least 24 (36-550 kV) / 48 (800 kV) hours before energizing. Assembly Each transformer should be checked for possible oil leakage, porcelain damage and other damage caused by rough handling. Check that the oil level is correct according to the maintenance chapter. If not, carefully check for possible oil leakage and contact ABB for further instructions. Prior to assembly, ensure that the support structure is flat and horizontal. If not, correct with washers. Deformation of the bottom tank may otherwise occur and possibly lead to oil leakage and/or insulator damage. The tolerance for flatness is 1.5 mm. Connecting secondary terminals in the terminal box The secondary terminals must be carefully connected. There are markings on the terminal block. There is a wiring diagram on the transformers rating plate, inside the terminal box. Unused secondary windings must be short-circuited over the respective "end" terminals and connected to ground. Each unused secondary winding must be short-circuited. Ground terminals are located in the secondary terminal box. Caution! Never leave a secondary winding open. Very high induced voltages occur between the terminals, dangerous for both personnel and transformers.
Safety notice This current transformer should be installed within the design limitations as described on the rating plate and in these instructions. Follow your companys safety procedures. This product is intended to be operated and maintained by qualified persons who are thoroughly trained and who understand the hazards involved. This publication is written only for such qualified persons and is not intended to be a substitute for adequate training and experience in safety procedures for this device.
WARNING
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF STANDARD REPAIR PROCEDURES, SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND SERVICE OPERATIONS ARE NOT INCLUDED. IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CERTAIN WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS REGARDING CERTAIN SPECIFIC SERVICE METHODS THAT COULD CAUSE PERSONAL INJURY TO SERVICE PERSONAL OR COULD DAMAGE EQUIPMENT OR RENDER IT UNSAFE. PLEASE UNDERSTAND THAT THESE WARNINGS CANNOT COVER ALL CONCEIVABLE WAYS IN WHICH SERVICE, WHETHER OR NOT RECOMMENDED BY ABB, MIGHT BE PERFORMED OR POSSIBLE HAZARDOUS CONSEQUENCES OF EACH CONCEIVABLE WAY, NOR COULD ABB INVESTIGATE ALL SUCH WAYS. ANYONE USING SERVICE PROCEDURES OR TOOLS, WHETHER OR NOT RECOMMENDED BY ABB, MUST THOROUGHLY ENSURE ONESELF THAT NEITHER PERSONAL NOR EQUIPMENT SAFETY WILL BE JEOPARDIZED BY THE SERVICE METHOD OR TOOLS SELECTED. All information contained in this manual is based on the latest product information available at the time of printing. The right is reserved to make changes at any time without notice.
8 IMB 36-800 kV | Manual
Connection of ground terminals As standard the transformer is delivered with a ground clamp which is to be installed on one of the mounting pads for grounding of the entire apparatus, see standard ground terminal in Figure 1. In case the ground clamp is not installed on the mounting pad, upon delivery, the ground clamp is found inside the package.If special, optional, ground bars are ordered, these are found inside the package. Make sure that the ground terminal, by means of a separate conductor, is securely connected to ground. Also make sure that the ground terminal is galvanically connected to the mounting pad of the apparatus, in particular if the oil tanks surface is painted or anodized. Note that the ground terminal can be attached on at least two feet. There are also ground terminals in the terminal box for connection of appropriate winding terminals and cable screens. Connection of capacitive tap The capacitive terminal, if supplied, must be grounded to the terminal box if not used.
Caution! High voltages are present at the capacitive tap when the current transformer is in service. Connection of DDF tap The DDF terminal, if supplied, must be grounded to the terminal box when the current transformer is energized. Caution! High voltages are present at the DDF tap when the current transformer is in service. Tan- measurement Before energizing, a tan- measurement is recommended. This measurement should be kept as a reference for maintenance measurements in the future. Its important that the same test equipment is used for each measurement. Instructions for performing the tan- measurement are provided in a later chapter.
1 Connection of standard ground terminal (other types can be supplied upon request when an order is placed)
Manual | IMB 36-800 kV 9
IMB 36-800 kV
Installation
Connecting the primary terminals Primary connections should be made so that static mechanical loads on the primary terminals are minimized. This is accomplished by using a flexible component, either in the connector or in another part of the primary connection. A rigid, non-flexible connection may result in oil leakage at the primary terminals. All connections must be carefully made.
A connection that is not properly tightened can cause overheating and damage to the transformer. The maximum permitted static test load is according to the dimensional drawing for all directions, in compliance with IEC. Each crate is accompanied with detailed assembly instructions for primary terminals; see types in Figures 1-5. Carefully follow the instructions to avoid damage to the unit.
1 Connection for low current | 2 Connection for high current | 3 Connection for high current with both stud type and flag type shown | 4 Connection for low current | 5 Connection for rated current 1 2
IMB 36-800 kV
Maintenance
Minimal maintenance is required due to the transformer being hermetically sealed. A visual check is normally sufficient when the recommendation is to follow the checklist at the back of the manual. Check for oil leakage at the following positions: - Oil level glass and oil filling plug - Primary bushings - Seals at top and bottom flange of the insulator - Seal between the oil tank and lid - Secondary terminal box bushing - Oil drain plug Transformer damage Metal, porcelain and epoxy components are checked. Porcelain components are cleaned as necessary. Minor damage to insulator sheds can be repaired on site. Instructions for repair of porcelain and polymer insulators can be obtained from your ABB representative. See the contact information at the end of this document. Oil level check The left side of the oil level glass, located as shown in Figure 1, must always be dark, see Figure 2, at all ambient temperatures. If the right side of the oil level glass is not completely black, there is oil leakage. This should be localized and corrected as soon as possible. When there is leakage, moisture can enter the transformer.
Oil filling Oil may need to be filled when the oil level for IMB 36-170 is down one liter, two liters for IMB 245-420 and more than three liters for IMB 550-800. If oil needs to be filled, contact the manufacturer for further instructions. Contact information can be found at the end of the document.
1 Oil level glass location on the current transformer
2 Oil level glass indicating empty
Note! The entire oil level glass must always be dark when the transformer is in service. Tan- measurement Tan- measurements are recommended after 1520 years of service, but if high values are noted, measurements should be made once yearly. Upon request, transformers can be supplied with a capacitive voltage terminal or DDF terminal that is normally grounded. Caution! High voltages are present at all unconnected taps when the transformer is in service. Oil sampling After a longer period of service (1520 years) or if damage is suspected after for example, a major operational disturbance, an oil sample can be extracted for testing of the oils moisture and gas contents.
IMB 36-800 kV
Oil sampling
Oil sampling and oil filling must be performed in dry weather and with the transformer dry. The transformer must be taken out of service and the transformer top must be grounded. Transformers with coolers are sealed with an overpressure at about +20C, and subsequently depressurized at about -10C. Transformers with coolers for customers who have specified more than +40C as the maximum ambient temperature are sealed without overpressure at about 20C. Ensure that tools are at hand before beginning work. Caution! Never open the oil plug on the oil tank when taking an oil sample. Note! The transformer normally has a slight overpressure, so be careful to avoid oil spillage when opening. Preparation and information Before taking the oil sample, the following should be checked: - That the glass syringe is in proper condition, i.e. clean and dry. - Suitable tools are on hand for opening and sealing the transformer. - That a vessel for surplus oil is on hand to avoid spilling oil onto the ground. - It is recommended that a special oil sampling kit be used, which can be ordered from ABBs diagnostic lab. Contact information can be found at the end of the document. Using the syringe supplied by the manufacturer The syringe supplied by the manufacturer has three valve positions: closed, open through the hose and open to a side outlet. The plunger may not be touched because of the risk of drawing air into the syringe. The syringe must be flushed with oil to ensure that the oil is sampled and not mixed with air that is still in the hose. This is done by extracting oil from the transformer, which is emptied by changing the valve position and emptying the syringe through the side outlet. During the procedure, ensure that no gases are extracted from the transformer. If a slight amount of gas has entered the syringe despite preventive measures, hold the syringe upright and slowly press out the gas with the plunger. If gases have been drawn into the syringe, this should be noted in the report.
Submitting oil samples and reports Mark the syringe with the transformers serial number and fill in the report. Return the syringes and the questionnaire in the transport box as soon as possible after sampling to the diagnostics lab, using the delivery address stated in the end of the document. Reports of analysis results and recommended measures are sent by ABB within ten working days from reception of oil samples. Additional information concerning sampling or analysis results can be obtained from ABB Instrument Transformers. Transformers with metal bellows, i.e. expansion chambers shaped as cooling flanges, may not be opened because of internal overpressure. Contact ABB AB according to the information above for oil sampling. Transformers with gas cushion The transformers have an oil filling hole at the top of the expansion chamber where oil samples can be taken, see Figure 1-5 on the next page, depending on type of expansion system. To take an oil sample on the current transformer, follow the steps below. - First open the oil filling cover. Check the sampling syringe - Carefully insert the hose into the oil filling hole. The hose must be beneath the oil surface. - Flush the syringe with oil from the transformer and empty the syringe according to the information above. - Close the side outlet and fill the syringe again with oil from the transformer, taking care not to draw in gas. This is the oil sample. Close the valve after sampling. - Clean the sealing surfaces at the oil filling opening from spilled oil and foreign matter, and install new o-rings if necessary. - Seal the transformer at a torque of 25 Nm. Caution! The caption for Figure 1-5, on the next page, describes which of the expansion systems are testable or non-testable through the oil filling hole. Transformers with test plugs or test valves If an instrument transformer is supplied with a oil test plug or oil test valve there is no need to open the transformer to take an oil sample. Information on how to use oil test valves and test plugs is provided in the optional accessories chapter.
1 Expansion system with cooler (testable) | 2 Expansion system with cooler (non-testable) | 3 Expansion system without cooler (testable) | 4Expansion system without cooler (testable) | 5 Expansion system without cooler (testable) 1 2
IMB 36-800 kV
Tan- measurement
Before energizing, a tan- measurement is recommended. This measurement should be kept as a reference. Measurement for maintenance measurements in the future. Its important that the same test equipment is used for each measurement. Conditions for measurements Field measurements made at ambient air temperatures below 10C have proven to produce inconsistent results. Measurements shall preferably be made at temperatures around 20C. Field measurements shall preferably not be made with rated frequency to avoid disturbances. (Test equipment, such as DOBLE M 4000 that uses a test frequency of 45-75 Hz, is available on the market.) The relation between tan- at 50 Hz and the test frequency, for the range of interest for tan- = 0.5-1.0%, is tan-50 Hz=ftest tan-test/50, where ftest is the test frequency used. When making field measurements it is important to try to estimate the temperature of the test object. One way is to measure the secondary winding resistance, just before making the tan- measurement, and comparing with the value given at room temperature in the routine test report for the transformer. Alternatively, the current transformer can be left non-energized until the internal temperature drops to the ambient temperature. (For IMB current transformers, this can be expected to take about 6-12 hours.) The measurement can be made in different ways depending on whether the current transformer is provided with a capacitive tap, DDF terminal or without a special tap. Current transformers equipped with capacitive voltage taps It is recommended that measurements be made between the high voltage terminals and capacitive tap, but measurements can also be made between the capacitive tap and ground.
Measurements between primary terminals and capacitive taps - Disconnect the primary terminals from the busbar. - Measure the resistance of one secondary winding. - Calculate the actual winding temperature, Ta, of the winding as Ta = (Ra/Ro)(235-T0)-235 where Ra is the measured winding resistance, R0 is the winding resistance measured in the factory routine test and T0 is the temperature during the factory routine test. - Check that one end of all secondary windings is connected to ground. - Connect the tan- bridge with A to the voltage terminal, B to the ground/guard terminal and C to the current terminal of the test equipment as described in Figure 1 on the next page. For measurements between primary terminals and capacitive taps, a test voltage up to 10 kV can be used depending on the test equipment. Measurements between capacitive taps and ground - Connect one of the primary terminals to ground. - Measure the resistance of one secondary winding. - Calculate the actual winding temperature, Ta, of the winding as Ta = (Ra/Ro)(235-T0)-235 where Ra is the measured winding resistance, R0 is the winding resistance measured in the factory routine test and T0 is the temperature during the factory routine test. - Check that one end of all secondary windings is connected to ground. - Connect the tan- bridge with A to ground, B to ground/ guard and the current terminal and C to the voltage terminal of the test equipment as described in Figure 1 on the next page. Measurement between primary terminals to capacitive taps is preferred, as this will provide information about the main part of the insulation. Measurement between capacitive taps and ground only provides information about a small part of the insulation. Test voltages for measurement between capacitive taps and ground must be limited to a maximum of 2.5 kV.
Current transformers equipped with DDF terminals - Disconnect the primary terminals from the busbar. - Measure the resistance of one secondary winding. - Calculate the actual winding temperature, Ta, of the winding as Ta = (Ra/Ro)(235-T0)-235 where Ra is the measured winding resistance, R0 is the winding resistance measured in the factory routine test and T0 is the temperature during the factory routine test. - Check that one end of all secondary windings is connected to ground. - Connect the tan- bridge with A to the voltage terminal, B to the ground/guard terminal and C to the current terminal of the test equipment as described in Figure 1. For measurement between primary terminals and DDF terminals, a test voltage can be used of up to 10 kV depending on the test equipment. Measurements between primary terminals and ground. - Disconnect the primary terminals from the busbar. - Isolate the transformer from the metal structure to avoid leak currents. - Measure the resistance of one secondary winding. - Calculate the actual winding temperature, Ta, of the winding as Ta = (Ra/Ro)(235-T0)-235 where Ra is the measured winding resistance, R0 is the winding resistance measured in the factory routine test and T0 is the temperature during the factory routine test. - Check that one end of all secondary windings is connected to ground. - Connect the tan- bridge with A to the voltage terminal, B to the ground/guard and the current terminal of the test equipment as described in Figure 1. Note that there is no C. The test voltage for measurements between primary terminals to ground can be 5 kV or 10 kV depending on the type of equipment. Test voltages must be limited to 22.5 kV if measuring between capacitive taps and ground. For measurements between primary terminals and ground or capacitive taps, a test voltage can be used up to 10 kV depending on the test equipment.
1 Test setup when performing a tan- measurement. Point A is the primary terminal, B is the ground terminal and C is the capacitive voltage tap or, if supplied, DDF terminal
EMF 52-170 kV
Installation
CAUTION '%98-32
-27869'8-32&33/
Delivery Immediately check the inductive voltage transformer for any transport damage upon delivery. Damage to packaging may be a sign of rough handling. Note any damage (it is advisable to take pictures) and contact the appropriate insurance company. Check the transformer. Be especially observant of signs of oil leakage and insulator damage and that oil is visible in the oil level glass. Leakage must be immediately localized. Lifting the instrument transformer Each package is delivered with detailed lifting instructions that must be complied with when lifting. Any deviation from the instructions may harm the product. If the transformer is delivered in the vertical position, carefully read the instructions since tilting the product may be harmful. The detailed lifting instructions can be sent separately if requested. Please contact your ABB representative for further information. Caution! The inductive voltage transformer must be placed in the vertical position at least 24 hours before energizing. Assembly Each transformer should be checked for possible oil leakage, porcelain damage and other damage caused by rough handling. Check that the oil level is correct according to the maintenance chapter. If not, carefully check for possible oil leakage and contact ABB for further instructions. Prior to assembly, ensure that the support structure is flat and horizontal. If not, correct with washers. Deformation of the bottom tank may otherwise occur and possibly lead to oil leakage and/or insulator damage. The tolerance for flatness is 1.5 mm. Connecting secondary terminals in the terminal box The secondary terminals must be carefully connected. There are markings on the terminal block. There is a wiring diagram on the transformers rating plate, inside the terminal box. Each unused secondary winding must be grounded at one point. Ground terminals are located in the secondary terminal box. Caution! Never short circuit a secondary winding. Very high current will occur between the terminals, dangerous for both personnel and transformers.
Safety notice This inductive voltage transformer should be installed within the design limitations as described on its rating plate and in these instructions. Follow your companys safety procedures. This product is intended to be operated and maintained by qualified persons who are thoroughly trained and who understand the hazards involved. This publication is written only for such qualified persons and is not intended to be a substitute for adequate training and experience in safety procedures for this device.
WARNING
16 EMF 52-170 kV | Manual
Connection of ground terminals As standard the transformer is delivered with a ground clamp which is to be installed on one of the mounting pads for grounding of the entire apparatus, see standard ground terminal in Figure 1. In case the ground clamp is not installed on the mounting pad, upon delivery, the ground clamp is found inside the package.If special, optional, ground bars are ordered, these are found inside the package. Make sure that the ground terminal, by means of a separate conductor, is securely connected to ground. Also make sure that the ground terminal is galvanically connected to the mounting pad of the apparatus, in particular if the oil tanks surface is painted or anodized. Note that the ground terminal can be attached on at least two feet. There are also ground terminals in the terminal box for connection of appropriate winding terminals and cable screens. Neutral terminal The transformer is equipped with an external, so-called neutral terminal (N-terminal) on the primary winding. Check that it is grounded to the grounding point in the terminal box. Caution! High voltages are present at the neutral terminal when the voltage transformer is in service. Connecting the primary terminal The primary terminal is secured to the bottom of the crate. For horizontal transport, the terminal is placed under the insulator and for vertical transport the terminals are secured beside the oil tanks. Mount the primary terminal on the top of the expansion tank, see Figure 2, with four M10 bolts and washers with a tightening torque of 45 Nm. Also mount other enclosed components, if any, such as dampers, adapters etc. This can be done before the transformer is mounted on the support. The primary connection should be made so that the static mechanical load on the primary terminal is minimized. The maximum permitted static test load is according to the dimensional drawing for all directions, in compliance with IEC.
2 Assembly of primary terminal
Manual | EMF 52-170 kV 17
EMF 52-170 kV
Maintenance
Minimal maintenance is required due to the transformer being hermetically sealed. A visual check is normally sufficient when the recommendation is to follow the checklist at the back of the manual. Check for oil leakage at the following positions: - Oil level glass and oil filling plug - Seals at top and bottom flange of the insulator - Seal between the oil tank and lid - Secondary terminal box bushing - Oil drain plug (if any) Transformer damage Metal, porcelain and epoxy components are checked. Porcelain components are cleaned as necessary. Minor damage to insulator sheds can be repaired on site. Instructions for repair of porcelain and polymer insulators can be obtained from your ABB representative; see the contact information at the end of the document. Oil filling Filling of oil can be necessary when the oil level in the transformer is one liter low. If oil needs to be filled, contact the manufacturer for further instructions. Contact information can be found at the end of the document.
Oil level check The left side of the oil level glass, located as shown in Figure 1, must always be dark, see Figure 2, at all ambient temperatures. If the right side of the oil level glass is not completely black, there is oil leakage. This should be localized and corrected as soon as possible. When there is leakage, moisture can enter the transformer. Note! The entire oil level glass must always be dark when the transformer is in service. Oil sampling After a longer period of service (1520 years) or if damage is suspected after for example, a major operational disturbance, an oil sample can be extracted for testing of the oils moisture and gas contents.
1 Oil level glass location on an inductive voltage transformer
2 Oil level glass indicating empty
18 EMF 52-170 kV | Manual
EMF 52-170 kV
Oil sampling
Oil sampling and oil filling must be performed in dry weather and with the transformer dry. The transformer must be taken out of service and the transformer top must be grounded. Caution! Never open the oil plug on the oil tank when taking an oil sample. Note! The transformer normally has a slight overpressure, so be careful to avoid oil spillage when opening. Preparation and information Before taking the oil sample, the following should be checked: - That the glass syringe is in proper condition, i.e. clean and dry. - Suitable tools are on hand for opening and sealing the transformer. - That a vessel for surplus oil is on hand to avoid spilling oil onto the ground - It is recommended that a special oil sampling kit be used, which can be ordered from ABBs diagnostic lab. Contact information can be found at the end of the document. Using the syringe supplied by the manufacturer The syringe supplied by the manufacturer has three valve positions: closed, open through the hose and open to a side outlet. The plunger may not be touched because of the risk of drawing air into the syringe. The syringe must be flushed with oil to ensure that the oil is sampled and not mixed with air that is still in the hose. This is done by extracting oil from the transformer, which is emptied by changing the valve position and emptying the syringe through the side outlet. During the procedure, ensure that no gases are extracted from the transformer. If a slight amount of gas has entered the syringe despite preventive measures, hold the syringe upright and slowly press out the gas with the plunger. If gases have been drawn into the syringe, this should be noted in the report. Submitting oil samples and reports Mark the syringe with the transformers serial number and fill in the report.
Reports of analysis results and recommended measures are sent by ABB within ten working days from reception of oil samples. Additional information concerning sampling or analysis results can be obtained from ABB Instrument Transformers. Transformers with gas cushions The transformers have an oil filling hole at the side of the expansion chamber where oil samples can be taken; see Figure 1. To sample oil on the voltage transformer, follow the steps below. - First open the oil filling cover. Check the sampling syringe. - Carefully insert the hose into the oil filling hole. The hose must be beneath the oil surface. - Flush the syringe with oil from the transformer and empty the syringe according to the information above. - Close the side outlet and fill the syringe again with oil from the transformer, taking care not to draw in gas. This is the oil sample. Close the valve after sampling. - Clean the sealing surfaces at the oil filling opening from spilled oil and foreign matter, and install new o-rings if necessary. - Seal the transformer at a torque of 25 Nm. Transformers with test plugs or test valves If an instrument transformer is supplied with a oil test plug or oil test valve there is no need to open the transformer to take an oil sample. Information on how to use oil test valves and test plugs is provided in the optional accessories chapter.
1 Expansion system with exploded view of the oil filling cover
Return the syringes and the questionnaire in the transport box as soon as possible after sampling to the diagnostics lab, using the delivery address stated in the end of the document.
Manual | EMF 52-170 kV 19
CPB 72-800 kV
Installation
CAUTION '%98-32
-27869'8-32&33/
Delivery Check the capacitor voltage transformer for any transport damages immediately upon delivery. Damage to packaging may be a sign of rough handling. Note any damage (it is advisable to take pictures) and contact the appropriate insurance company. Check the transformer. Be especially observant of signs of oil leakage and insulator damage and that oil is visible in the oil level glass. Leakage must be immediately localized. Lifting the instrument transformer Each package is delivered with detailed lifting instructions that must be complied with when lifting. Any deviation from the instructions may harm the product. If the transformer is delivered in the vertical position, be sure to carefully read the instructions since tilting the product may be harmful. CPB capacitor voltage transformers are transported in 3-pack in the vertical position or, if ordered, in a 1-pack in the horizontal position. If transported horizontally the unit is oriented with the secondary terminal box facing upwards. In the case of double terminal boxes, the additional box faces downwards. In the case of upper capacitor voltage divider units, these are transported exclusively horizontally in separate packages. The magnetic transformer and capacitor voltage divider's bottom unit are always delivered preassembled and may not be taken apart. Top sections, if so equipped, are packed separately with up to three sections in each crate. Caution! The supports mounted at the bottom of the transformer are not to be removed until it has been raised. The detailed lifting instructions can be sent separately if requested. Please contact your ABB representative for further information. Caution! The capacitor voltage transformer must be placed in the vertical position at least 24 hours before energization. Connecting secondary terminals in the terminal box The secondary terminals must be carefully connected. There are markings on the terminal block. There is a wiring diagram on the transformers rating plate, inside the terminal box. Each unused secondary winding must have one end grounded. Ground terminals are located in the secondary terminal box.
Safety notice This capacitor voltage transformer should be installed within the design limitations as described on its rating plate and in these instructions. Follow your companys safety procedures. This product is intended to be operated and maintained by qualified persons who are thoroughly trained and who understand the hazards involved. This publication is written only for such qualified persons and is not intended to be a substitute for adequate training and experience in safety procedures for this device.
WARNING
20 CPB 72-800 kV | Manual
Caution! Never short circuit a secondary winding. Very high current will occur between the terminals, dangerous for both personnel and transformers. Assembly Each transformer should be checked for possible oil leakage, porcelain damage and other damage caused by rough handling. Check that the oil level is correct according to the maintenance chapter. If not, carefully check for possible oil leakage and contact ABB for further instructions. Prior to assembly, ensure that the support structure is flat and horizontal. If not, correct with washers. Deformation of the bottom tank may otherwise occur and possibly lead to oil leakage and/or insulator damage. The tolerance for flatness is 1.5 mm. If there is an upper unit, it is carefully placed on top of the bottom unit. Note! The same manufacturing number must be on the top and bottom units. The upper unit, if any, is secured with the supplied bolts and washers, see Figure 1, at a tightening torque of 79 Nm for M12 bolts or 121 Nm for M14. The bolts are included in the delivery. If the apparatus consists of additional units, repeat this procedure.
Connecting the primary terminal The primary terminal is secured to the bottom of the crate. With horizontal transport, its placed in the package near the expansion tank and with vertical transport at the bottom of the crate. Mount the primary terminal on the top of the expansion system, see Figure 2, with four M10 bolts and washers and torque to 45 Nm. Also mount other enclosed components, if any, such as dampers, adapters etc. This can be done before the transformer is mounted on the support. Connect the transformers high voltage terminal to the line, preferably with a flexible aluminum cable so as to minimize the mechanical load on the primary terminal. The maximum permitted static test load for all directions is according to the dimensional drawing in compliance with IEC. Low voltage terminal The low voltage terminal, marked as L, is connected to the ground upon delivery. Both the low voltage and chassis terminals are accessible in the transformers terminal box. The cable between the L-terminal and the chassis terminal must be disconnected when carrier equipment is connected.
1 Assembly of upper capacitor stacks, if any
2 Assembly of primary terminal
Manual | CPB 72-800 kV 21
CPB 72-800 kV
Installation
Connection of ground terminals As standard the transformer is delivered with a ground clamp which is to be installed on one of the mounting pads for grounding of the entire apparatus, see standard ground terminal in Figure 1. In case the ground clamp is not installed on the mounting pad, upon delivery, the ground clamp is found inside the package.If special, optional, ground bars are ordered, these are found inside the package. Make sure that the ground terminal, by means of a separate conductor, is securely connected to ground. Also make sure that the ground terminal is galvanically connected to the mounting pad of the apparatus, in particular if the oil tanks surface is painted or anodized. Note that the ground terminal can be attached on at least two feet. There are also ground terminals in the terminal box for connection of appropriate winding terminals and cable screens. Use of special load in secondary circuit If for any reason an intermediate transformer or other load with an iron core is required in the capacitor voltage transformers secondary circuit, it must be especially designed for this purpose. Undesired sub-harmonic oscillations may otherwise occur. To counteract this, the loads core must be designed to withstand at least three times the rated voltage without becoming saturated.
Adjustment windings and damping circuit The damping circuit terminals d1-d2 and the adjustment windings B1-B11 are located behind a sealed covering hood in the terminal box. Caution! The warranty is breached if this seal is opened without the consent of ABB. The damping circuit has two bridged terminals: d1- d2. The damping circuit is factory-calibrated to obtain optimal performance and normally no further adjustment is needed. However, in particular cases and after agreement with ABB, this bridge can be opened to check that the circuit is intact by resistance measurement. The CVT is delivered adjusted for a specified load and class, and normally no further adjustment is necessary. If needed, the adjustment windings enable exchange of the capacitor voltage divider on site, and readjustment of the transformer for the new combination of voltage divider/electromagnetic units. A new readjusted insertion block for the adjustment windings B1-B11 is supplied by ABB. The insertion block may only be replaced after agreement with ABB and following the detailed instructions provided by ABB in order to retain compliance with requirements for accuracy and loads.
CPB 72-800 kV
Maintenance
Minimal maintenance is required due to the transformer being hermetically sealed. A visual check is normally sufficient with the recommendation of following the checklist at the back of this manual. Check for oil leakage at the following positions: - Oil level glass and oil filling plug - Seals above and below the insulator - Drain slots on expansion housing - Seal between oil tank and cover - Seal between cover and CVD - Seal between terminal box and oil tank - Oil drain plug Transformer damage Metal, porcelain and epoxy components are checked. Porcelain components are cleaned as necessary. Minor damage to insulator sheds can be repaired on site. Instructions for repair of porcelain and polymer insulators can be obtained from your ABB representative; see the contact information at the end of the document. Oil filling Filling of oil can be necessary when one liter of oil has been extracted from the EMU. If oil needs to be filled, contact the manufacturer for further instructions. Contact information can be found at the end of the document. Tan- measurement (capacitor voltage divider only) After a longer period of service (1520 years) or if a fault is suspected after for example, a major operational disturbance, the tan- for the capacitor voltage divider can be measured electrically. Note that the capacitor voltage divider consists of one or more sections that cannot be opened. Consequently, oil samples cannot be taken.
tan- is normally obtained in conjunction with capacitance measurement. The value of the tan- varies with age, the test method, the selected voltage level and temperature. An absolute reference value can thus not be provided. Consequently, the tan- is primarily compared to previous values obtained with equivalent methods and conditions so that any trends can be detected. It is therefore helpful if one or more reference values have been obtained by measuring the tan- at an earlier stage, for example in conjunction with commissioning, (first energizing). Oil level check of the electromagnetic unit The electromagnetic unit is supplied with an oil level glass which is designed, as seen in Figure 1, with a black and an uncolored side. The oil level glass must always be dark for electromagnetic units designed as per Figure 2 at all ambient temperatures. If the oil level glass is not completely dark, the transformer should be checked for leakage and corrected as soon as possible. When there is leakage, moisture can enter the transformer. For electromagnetic units designed as per Figure 3, the oil level shall always be visible in the oil level glass at all ambient temperatures. If the oil level is not visible, the transformer should be checked for leakage and corrected as soon as possible. When there is leakage, moisture can enter the transformer. Note! The entire oil level glass must always be dark for units as in Figure 2, or visible for units as in Figure 3, when the transformer is in service. Oil sampling (electromagnetic unit only) After a longer period of service (1520 years) or if damage is suspected after for example, a major operational disturbance, an oil sample can be extracted for testing of the oils moisture and gas contents.
1 Oil level glass indicating empty | 2 Oil level glass location on electromagnetic unit of type EOH | 3 Oil level glass location on electromagnetic unit of type EOL or EOM 1 2 3
CPB 72-800 kV
Oil sampling
Oil sampling and oil filling must be performed in dry weather and with the transformer dry. The transformer must be taken out of service and the transformer top must be grounded. There is an oil filling plug on the cover of the capacitor voltage transformer's electromagnetic unit where oil samples can be taken. Ensure that tools are at hand before beginning work. Preparation and information Before taking the oil sample, the following should be checked: - That the glass syringe is in proper condition, i.e. clean and dry. - Suitable tools are at hand for opening and sealing the transformer. - That a vessel for surplus oil is at hand to avoid spilling oil onto the ground. - It is recommended that a special oil sampling kit be used, which can be ordered from ABBs diagnostic lab. Contact information can be found at the end of the document. - Replacement seals for oil filling plug are at hand. Using the syringe supplied by the manufacturer The syringe supplied by the manufacturer has three valve positions: closed, open through the hose and open to a side outlet. The plunger may not be touched because of the risk of drawing air into the syringe. The syringe and hose are then flushed with oil from the transformer oil filling plug; see either Figure 1 or 2 on the next page. This ensures that the transformer oil is sampled and not the oil mixed with air that is still in the hose. Carefully pull the syringe and check that only oil is drawn in. Fill the syringe with oil to flush it. Change the valve position and empty the syringe through the side outlet into the vessel for oil spillage without withdrawing the hose from the transformer. Close the side outlet and fill the syringe again with oil from the transformer, still without drawing in air. This is the oil sample. If a slight amount of gas has entered the syringe despite preventive measures, hold the syringe upright and slowly press out the gas with the plunger. If gases have been drawn into the syringe, this should be noted in the report.
Taking an oil sample To take an oil sample, follow the steps below. - First open the oil filling plug; see Figures 1 and 2 on the next page. - Check the sampling syringe. - Carefully insert the hose into the oil filling hole. The hose must be beneath the oil surface. - Take an oil sample after pre-filling the syringe with oil according to the instructions above. If a little air has entered the syringe despite preventive measures, hold the syringe upright and slowly press out the air with the plunger. If air has been drawn into the syringe, note this in the report. - Close the valve after sampling. - Clean the sealing surfaces at the oil filling opening from spilled oil and foreign matter, and install new o-rings if necessary. - Seal the transformer with a torque of 25 Nm. Transformers with test valve If the instrument transformer is supplied with an oil test plug or oil test valve there is no need to open the transformer's oil filling plug to take an oil sample. Information on how to use oil test valves and test plugs is provided in the optional accessories chapter. Submitting oil samples and reports Mark the syringe with the transformers serial number and fill in the report. Return the syringes and the questionnaire in the transport box as soon as possible after sampling to the diagnostics lab, using the delivery address stated in the end of the document. Reports of analysis results and recommended measures are sent by ABB within ten working days from reception of oil samples. Additional information concerning sampling or analysis results can be obtained from ABB Instrument Transformers. Capacitor voltage divider The capacitor voltage divider, consisting of one or more sections, may not be opened. Consequently, oil samples cannot be taken. As an alternative to oil sampling, the tan- can instead be measured in conjunction with capacitance measurement.
1 Oil filling and sampling plug, see point one (1), on the electromagnetic unit of type EOM and EOL | 2 Oil filling and sampling plug, see point one (1), on the electromagnetic unit of type EOH 1
CCB 72-800 kV
Installation
CAUTION '%98-32
-27869'8-32&33/
Delivery Check the coupling capacitor for any transport damages immediately upon delivery. Damage to packaging may be a sign of rough handling. Note any damage (it is advisable to take pictures) and contact the appropriate insurance company. Check the capacitor. Be especially observant of signs of oil leakage and insulator damage. Leakage must be immediately localized. Instructions for repair of porcelain and polymer insulators can be obtained from ABB; see the contact information at the end of this document. Lifting the coupling capacitor Each package is delivered with detailed lifting instructions that must be complied with when lifting. Any deviation from the instructions may harm the product. Top sections, if so equipped, are packaged separately with up to three sections in each crate. The detailed lifting instructions can be sent separately if requested. Please contact your ABB representative for further information. Caution! The coupling capacitor must be placed in the vertical position at least 24 hours before energizing. Assembly Each coupling capacitor should be checked for possible oil leakage, porcelain damage and other damage caused by rough handling. Prior to assembly, ensure that the support structure is flat and horizontal. If not, correct with washers. Deformation of the adapter plate may otherwise occur and possibly lead to oil leakage and insulator damage. The tolerance for flatness is 1.5 mm. The upper unit, see Figure 1, is secured with the supplied bolts and washers at a tightening torque of 79 Nm for M12 bolts or 121 Nm for M14. The bolts are included in the delivery. If the apparatus consists of additional units, repeat this procedure. Connecting the primary terminal The primary terminal is attached to the bottom of the crate. With horizontal transport, its placed in the package near the expansion tank and with vertical transport at the bottom of the crate.
Safety notice This coupling capacitor should be installed within the design limitations as described on its rating plate and in these instructions. Follow your companys safety procedures. This product is intended to be operated and maintained by qualified persons who are thoroughly trained and who understand the hazards involved. This publication is written only for such qualified persons and is not intended to be a substitute for adequate training and experience in safety procedures for this device.
WARNING
26 CCB 72-800 kV | Manual
Mount the primary terminal on the top of the expansion system, see Figure 2, with four M10 bolts and washers at a tightening torque of 45 Nm. Also mount other enclosed components, if any, such as dampers, adapters etc. This can be done before the transformer is mounted on the support. Connect the coupling capacitors high voltage terminal to the line, preferably with a flexible aluminum cable so as to minimize the mechanical load on the primary terminal. The maximum permitted static test load for all directions is according to the dimensional drawing in compliance with IEC. Connection of ground terminals As standard the transformer is delivered with a ground clamp which is to be installed on one of the mounting pads for grounding of the entire apparatus, see standard ground terminal in Figure 3. In case the ground clamp is not installed on the mounting pad, upon delivery, the ground clamp is found inside the package.If special, optional, ground bars are ordered, these are found inside the package. Make sure that the ground terminal, by means of a separate conductor, is securely connected to ground. Also make sure that the ground terminal is galvanically connected to the mounting pad of the apparatus, in particular if the oil tanks surface is painted or anodized. Note that the ground terminal can be attached on at least two feet. Check that the ground-terminal is grounded when carrier equipment is not used.
Maintenance Minimal maintenance is required due to the coupling capacitor being hermetically sealed. A visual check is normally sufficient when the recommendation is to follow the checklist at the back of the manual. Check for oil leakage at the following positions: - Seals above and below the insulator Tan- measurement After a longer period of service (1520 years) or if a fault is suspected after for example, a major operational disturbance, the tan- for the coupling capacitor can be measured electrically. Note that the coupling capacitor consists of one or more sections that cannot be opened. Consequently, oil samples cannot be taken. Tan- is normally obtained in conjunction with capacitance measurement. The value of the tan- varies with, age, the test method, the selected voltage level and temperature. An absolute reference value can thus not be provided. Consequently, the tan- is primarily compared to previous values obtained with equivalent methods and conditions so that any trends can be detected. It is therefore helpful if one or more reference values have been obtained by measuring the tan- at an earlier stage, for example in conjunction with commissioning, (first energizing).
1 Assembly of upper capacitor stack, if any | 2 Connecting the primary terminal | 3 Connecting the L/ground terminal (other types can be supplied upon request when the order is placed) 1 2 3
Manual | CCB 72-800 kV 27
Surge arrester
The surge arrester is mounted between the primary terminals and can be supplied on IMB current transformers.
A surge arrester is provided with IMB current transformers that has a primary conductor of a multiple-turn design. The surge arrester is designed to protect the primary conductor against induced overvoltages between turns. See Figure 1 where a surge arrester has been assembled on a current transformer. The voltage drop across the primary winding of a current transformer is normally very small. At normal rated current, it is only a few volts. Special cases in this respect are current transformers with multi-turn primary windings. The inductance of a multi-turn primary winding is rather high and a surge current passing through will cause a fairly high voltage drop across the winding. The voltage drop will not stress the internal high voltage insulation, but may lead to insulation breakdown between adjacent turns in the primary winding. In order to protect the current transformer, a surge arrester can be connected in parallel to the primary winding.
Note! Important for the function of the surge arrester is that it is correctly assembled according to the detailed instructions enclosed in the crate.
1 Surge arrester fitted to the current transformer
28 Accessories | Manual
Manometer
The manometer is mounted at the top of the transformer and if ordered prior to manufacture, can be supplied on IMB current transformers and EMF inductive voltage transformers.
The manometer is provided with a quick release coupling and delivered separately either inside the terminal box or in a separate box at the same location as the transformer. The coupling on the transformer is covered by a protective hood. See Figure 1 for an example where the manometer is mounted on a transformer. To connect the manometer to the transformer, first loosen the M8 bolts and remove the protective hood, then plug in the manometer. To remove the manometer, pull back the locking ring on the quick coupling. Slight oil spillage when removing the manometer is normal. If the manometer is removed for a longer period of time, the coupling on the transformer must be covered by the protective hood. Clean the sealing surfaces, check the o-ring and replace if damaged. Mount the protective hood and tighten the M8 bolts to a torque of 22.5 Nm.
Current transformers with gas cushion type of expansion system A current transformer equipped with an expansion system of the gas cushion type is delivered with atmospheric pressure, i.e. no overpressure. A reading of zero on the gauge upon delivery is normal. When the current transformer is in service at maximum ambient temperature, the readings can by as high as 0.15 bar. Current transformers with metal bellows type of expansion system A current transformer equipped with an expansion system of the metal bellows type is delivered with an overpressure. The overpressure depends on the temperature range the current transformer is designed for (see rating plate). A reading of -0.25 bar to +0.5 bar is normal upon delivery. When the current transformer is in service at maximum ambient temperature, the readings can be up to 0.15 bar higher than on unloaded transformers. Manometer readings on inductive voltage transformers An inductive voltage transformer equipped with an expansion system of the gas cushion type is delivered with atmospheric pressure, i.e. no overpressure. A reading of zero on the gauge upon delivery is normal. When the inductive voltage transformer is in service at maximum ambient temperature, the readings can be up to 0.15 bar. Caution! To ensure that the manometer connection is not damaged during lifting, do not remove the protective hood until the unit is mounted on the support structure.
1 Manometer mounted on a current transformer
Manual | Accessories 29
Anti-condensation heater
Anti-condensation heater is used to prevent condensation inside the terminal box. The supply voltage for the heater shall be in the range of 220 V to 240 V AC at 50 Hz or 60 Hz. The power of the heater is 30 W. The temperature, which can be set in the range from 0C to 60C, on the thermostat needs to be adjusted during installation depending on the geographical location. The recommendation is to set the temperature slightly above the daily average temperature to achieve drying.
Anti-condensation heater can, if ordered prior to manufacturing, be supplied on IMB current transformers, EMF inductive voltage transformers and CPB capacitor voltage transformers.
Caution! The surface of the heater element, see point four (4) in Figure 1, is very warm during operation. The surface of the heater is warmer then the set temperature at the thermostat. Caution! The heater works with full effect if the temperature inside the secondary terminal box drops below the specified temperature on the thermostat. This results in very hot surface.
1 Anti-condensation heater mounted inside the secondary terminal box. Point one (1) is the terminal where the auxiliry power supply is to be connected, according to the specification of the heater, point two (2) is the thermostat, point three (3) is the cable installed after manufacturing and point four (4) is the heater element.
Spark gap device
The spark gap device is in the secondary terminal box and if ordered prior to manufacture, can be supplied on IMB current transformers.
It is a well known fact that high voltages are induced if a current transformer is operated with open secondary circuits. The magnitude of the induced voltage depends on the size of the magnetic core, the number of secondary winding turns and the level of primary current during the period of time with an open secondary circuit. Beside the risk for injury to personal, the high induced voltage may cause damage to the current transformer and the excitation losses in the saturated core may create abnormal heating inside the transformer. Due to this, it must be clearly stated that operation of current transformers with open secondary circuits is not permitted. Overvoltage protection devices such as spark gap devices can be used to limit the induced voltage. It is important that the setting of the spark gap device is correct. A voltage setting that is too low may cause malfunctioning of the protection relays. A voltage setting that is too high may cause damage to the current transformer. The protective spark gap devices are adjusted using a thickness gauge upon delivery to 3 kV. This results in a distance of 1 0.1 mm. Adjustment at site If the setting must be adjusted or for any other reason a check of the adjustment becomes necessary, follow the four steps below. - If a protective spark gap device is mounted, see Figure 1, start by checking the distance using a thickness gauge. If the distance is unsatisfactory, continue with the remaining steps. - Loosen the nut shown in Figure 2. - Adjust the spark gap by turning it clockwise to increase the distance or counterclockwise to decrease the distance. Use a thickness gauge to measure the distance. Note that each millimeter corresponds to around 3 kV. - Tighten the nut.
1 Secondary terminal box supplied with spark gap devices, as shown with point one (1) | 2 View of spark gap device 1
Oil test plug
The oil test plug is mounted at the top of the transformer and can be supplied if specified when ordering prior to manufacture on IMB current transformers and EMF inductive voltage transformers.
Before proceeding, be sure to read the oil sampling information provided in a separate chapter for the pertinent instrument transformer. To take an oil sample through the test plug (see Figures 1 and 2) a syringe is needed with a needle diameter of 1.1 mm and a minimum length of 40 mm. The syringe can be ordered from the manufacturer. Caution! To avoid damaging the rubber in the oil test plug, the needle must be carefully pressed through the membrane. Note! The rubber in the oil test plug has a service life of approximately 100 needle insertions.
To take an oil sample, follow the below steps: - Remove the protective lid; see Figure 1. - Loosen the bolt one turn only; see Figure 2. - Carefully press the needle through the rubber membrane in the oil test plug; see Figures 3. - Flush the syringe with oil from the transformer and empty the syringe without removing it from the transformer according to information above. - Close the side outlet and fill the syringe again with oil from the transformer, taking care not to draw in gas. This is the oil sample. Close the valve after sampling. - Remove the syringe and tighten the bolt. - Clean up any oil spills and sealing surfaces. - Check the o-ring and replace if damaged.
1 Exploded view of the protective cover over the test plug | 2 Exploded view of the bolt removed from the test plug | 3 Insertion of needle in the test plug. The syringe shall be inserted with the opening upwards when pressed through the membrane of the test plug 1 2 3
Oil test valve
The oil test valve is mounted at the top of the transformer and can be supplied if specified when ordering prior to manufacture on IMB current transformers, EMF inductive voltage transformers and CPB capacitor voltage transformers.
Before proceeding, be sure to read the oil sampling information provided in a separate chapter for the pertinent instrument transformer. The oil sample when the transformer is supplied with a test valve, see Figure 1, is taken by following the steps below: - Loosen the two bolts (in some cases one) and remove the protective hood; see Figure 1. - Remove the plug from the test valve; see Figure 1. - Carefully connect the equipment to the oil test valve. Note that a tube nut, as seen mounted in Figure 2, is needed for the connection with a thread diameter of G3/8". This tube nut is normally not included. - Open the screw on the test valve by turning it clockvise a quarter turn. - Flush the syringe with oil from the transformer and empty the syringe without removing it from the test valve. - Close the side valve and fill the syringe again with oil from the transformer, still without drawing in air; see Figure 3. This is the oil sample. - Close the valve on the syringe after sampling. - Close the screw on the test valve by turning it anti-clockvise a quarter turn. - Clean up any oil spills and sealing surfaces. Refit the plug. Do not over-tighten the plug; finger tightening is enough for sealing. - Check the o-ring and replace if damaged. - Mount the protective hood and tighten the M8 bolts to a torque of 22.5 Nm.
1 Exploded view of test valve | 2 Nut connected to test valve | 3 Using the syringe with the test valve 1
PLC carrier accessories

PLC is mainly used to reliably transmit speech, energy management data and power system protection signals through high voltage power transmission lines. All ABB CPB capacitor voltage transformers have a low voltage terminal (L-terminal) in the secondary terminal box where the high frequency carrier signal from a Line Matching Unit (LMU) can be connected. If the LMU does not incorporate protection accessories, those can be installed in the CPB's large secondary terminal box. Users guide and specifications Although the L-terminal is delivered grounded, do not open or touch the low voltage terminal (L) while the CVT is energized. Note that the PLC ground switch, see Figure 1, is designed to prevent the lid of the terminal box from being opened when the switch is in Carrier position, i.e. open position. When the PLC ground switch is in the Grounded position, i.e. closed position, this mechanical interlocking is released and the lid can be opened. The drain coil is set to 12, 24 or 48 mH, depending on what was selected upon ordering, and has BIL 10 kV 1.2/50 s insulation. The corresponding air gap has a protection level, i.e. flash-over impulse voltage, of maximum 8.5 kV 1.2/50 s with AC flash-over of at least 2.5 kV RMS. Unused PLC accessories If a unit is delivered with the PLC accessories and is not going to be used for power line communication, no extra steps needs to considered due to the PLC when installing the unit. The reason for this is that the PLC accessories comes pre-connect inside the secondary terminal box when delivered. Note! If a unit is delivered with the PLC accessories and is not going to be used for power line communication, no extra steps needs to considered due to the PLC accessories when installing the unit.
The PLC carrier accessories are mounted in the secondary terminal box and if specified when ordering prior to manufacture, can be supplied on CPB capacitor voltage transformers.
1 Schematic view of PLC connected to a capacitor voltage devider. Point one (1) is the high voltage terminal of the capacitor voltage devider. Point two (2) is the intermediate voltage bushing towards the electromagnetic unit. Point three (3) is the connection between the L-terminal and the PLC accessory. Point four (4) is the schematic view of the PLC accessory which consist of, from the left, a ground switch, an air gap and a drain coil.
Connecting the LMU to the PLC accessory If the supplied PLC accessory is going to be connected to a LMU, the LMU is to be connected to the low voltage terminal (L-terminal), marked with L inside the terminal box, see Figure 1. The carrier lead-in cable, from the LMU to the L-terminal, should be of outdoor weather-resistant type. The recommended cable type is insulated 16-25 mm2, test voltage 2.5 kV AC wet, BIL 1015 kV 1.2/50 s. The choice of coax cable on the modems side of the LMU is left to the customer. Caution! Do not open or touch the low voltage terminal (L) while the CVT is energized.
Follow these steps to connect the carrier lead-in cable: - Make the necessary arrangement so the lead-in cable is inside the secondary terminal box. - Loosen the nuts from for the L-terminal pinscrew marked with L in the secondary terminal box. - Remove the terminal marking. - Attach the lead-in cable to the L-terminal. - Put the terminal marking back on the L-terminal and tighten the inner nut with a tightning torque of 15 Nm and the marking's nut with a tightning torque of 10 Nm. Special considerations regarding PLC equipment if combined with PQSensor PLC equipment and PQSensor must be connected in series on the path from the coupling capacitor's low voltage terminal (L) to ground for both to function simultaneously. In this context it is ABB's observation that PLC equipment has a tradition of using the ground for the signal return. As a consequence, the MU/HCCT (Measurement Unit/HCCT wires) for PQSensor is to be connected between the PLC equipment and the coupling capacitor's low voltage terminal (L). The MU is thus shifted to a potential above ground while the PLC equipment remains connected between ground and PQSensor. The junction point in between requires an insulated stud terminal typically capable of BIL 10 kV or the equivalent insulation rating of the used PLC equipment. Note that this stud terminal is not a part of the delivery unless the CVT is supplied with both PLC accessories and PQSensor from the factory. Nonetheless, a possible mutual interference between the PLC and PQSensor performance may be of concern. ABB's standpoint here is that this equipment should function together in most typical applications simultaneously without any substantial impact. In other words, most PLC equipment should not be affected by the presence of PQSensor. The carrier insertion loss due to PQSensor should be insignificant due to the low impedance through the MU. Also in the opposite direction i.e. for normal PQSensor applications for monitoring up to the 50th harmonic and a required accuracy of +/-5% or worse the impact from most PLC equipment (with regard to its drain coil) in conjunction with normal coupling capacitances should be negligible.
1 Terminal box fitted with PLC accessories. The dotted cable, see point one (1), is the carrier lead-in cable which is to be connected when installed. The cable, marked with point two (2), between the PLC accessory and the L-terminal is not to be removed.
PLC carrier accessories

Connecting of PLC without PLC accessories included Since modern Line Matching Units (LMU) often contains the PLC accessories, that could be supplied with the capacitor voltage transformer, the PLC accessories might not be necessary even if the unit is going to be connected to a LMU. Note! Advice with the manufacturer of the LMU if it is compatible with the supplied transformer. Follow the steps below to connect the capacitor voltage transformer to a LMU, where the PLC accessories is supplied by another supplier. - Make the necessary arrangement so the lead-in cable is inside the secondary terminal box. - Loosen the nut from the L-terminal pinscrew marked with L in the secondary terminal box. - Remove the L-terminal marking. - Remove the grounding cable from the L-terminal, see point one (1) in Figure 1. - Attach the lead-in cable to the L-terminal, see point one (1) in Figure 2. - Put the terminal marking back on the L-terminal and tighten the inner nut with a tightning torque of 15 Nm and the marking's nut with a tightning torque of 10 Nm. Choice of inductance on PLC drain coil Although the value for the drain coil, as a part of PLC accessories, is selected upon ordering prior to manufacturing of the CVT, some considerations are presented here as to whether 12, 24 or 48 mH should be selected. One of the main reasons for the drain coil is to enable a solid current path for the power frequency current through the CVD and thus enabling the CVT's functionality, but at the same time, imposing impedance high enough across the LMU or coupling device to minimize carrier losses. At a first sight it might thus appear obvious that high inductance of the PLC drain coil is preferred, but there is a drawback as well. Higher inductance will not only reduce the carrier losses at PLC
1 Terminal box without supplied PLC accessories. Cable marked by point one (1) is installed during manufacturing and is the grounding cable to the L-terminal. | 2 Terminal box without supplied PLC accessories where the grounding cable to the L-terminal has been removed. The cable marked by point one (1) is the lead-in cable which is connected during installation. 1
frequencies (typically between 30500 kHz) but also increase the undesired voltage drop at power frequency. Although this voltage drop is still within the applicable standard (30 V permissible according to ANSI) it may nonetheless impose an appreciable effect on the measuring accuracy of the CVT. Such effect on accuracy can of course be compensated for during factory calibration, but it nevertheless must be considered when or if the carrier equipment should be grounded by means of a PLC grounding switch or bypassed permanently. With regard to CVT's measuring accuracy, it is thus ABB's recommendation to choose a PLC drain coil value of 12 mH. With such inductance the predicted insertion loss due to the drain coil is below 0.5 dB at all frequencies above 48 kHz for a coupling capacitor of at least 4.4 nF. A drain coil of 24 mH might only be considered if the coupling capacitance is below 4.4 nF combined with a PLC frequency below 48 kHz. The third alternative of 48 mH should usually not be considered unless expressly requested. Cable mounting at site Figure 1 illustrates how the cables could be installed where a capacitor voltage transformer is used with line matching unit and line trap. The list below give an explanation two all points in Figure 1.
1. Secondary cable connection from the control cubicles, or marshalling box, to the secondary terminals inside the secondary terminal box on the capacitor voltage transformer. 2. Lead-in cable between the L-terminal inside the secondary terminal box to the line matching unit, see point 5. The recommended cable type is insulated 16-25 mm2, test voltage 2.5 kV AC wet, BIL 10-15 kV 1.2/50 s. 3. 4. 5. 6. Grounding cable or bar. RF-cable. For recommendation on cables to use contact the manufacturer of the line matching unit. Line matching unit (LMU). Connection between the switch yard and the line trap. The line trap can either be assembled on top of certain capacitor voltage transformer or on the side utilising separate stud insulator. 7. Overhead line drop down cable.
1 View of capacitor voltage transformer connected with a line matching unit and with a line trap.
PQSensor
PQSensor is a transducer that can be used with CPB capacitor voltage transformers to provide a unique, convenient and cost-effective method of accurately measuring primary voltage harmonics on high voltage transmission systems since it eliminates the need for special instrument transformers or wide bandwidth voltage dividers.
The PQSensor provides an output signal of 63.5 V AC that is compatible with all modern power quality recorders and it has been designed to operate over an extended temperature range of -40C to 55C, making it suitable for the harshest environments. Installation is entirely inside the CVT secondary terminal box, see Figure 1 on both this and the next page, and does not affect normal operation of the CVT. As a result, there are no external cabling or fixtures on the CVT support structure and the output voltage is available inside the secondary terminal box together with the conventional CVT output voltage. Furthermore, the PQSensor is fully factory calibrated and consequently requires no additional on-site calibration or adjustment. Note! For additional and more detailed users information, please refer to separate documents provided with each PQSensor delivery. Special considerations for PQSensor if combined with PLC equipment PQSensor and PLC equipment need to be connected in series in the path from the coupling capacitor's low voltage terminal to ground for both to function simultaneously. In this context, it is ABB's impression that PLC equipment has a stronger tradition of using the ground as signal return. As a consequence, the MU of the PQSensor is assumed to be connected between the PLC equipment and the coupling capacitors' low voltage terminal, thus being elevated to a somewhat higher potential. This is feasible due to the MU's balanced design and the fact that the MU's insulation can withstand the PLC equipment's protection level of typically BIL 10 kV. Nonetheless, possible mutual interference between PQSensor and PLC performance may be of concern. ABB's standpoint here is that this equipment should be functioning together in most typical applications simultaneously without any substantial impact between them.
In other words, for normal PQSensor applications for monitoring up to the 50th harmonic and a required accuracy of +/-5% or worse, the impact from most PLC equipment (with regard to their drain coil) in conjunction with normal coupling capacitances should be negligible. Additionally, in the opposite direction the PLC equipment should remain unaffected by the presence of PQSensor. Carrier insertion loss due to PQSensor should be insignificant thanks to the low impedance through the MU.
1 Schematic diagram of the PQSensor connected to a capacitor voltage transformer
1 Illustrative drawing of the PQSensor fitted in the terminal box where point one (1) is the Signal Condition Module (SCM) and point two (2) is the Measurment Unit (MU). The dotted cable (not included in the delivery of the unit) is the connection to the control room which is connected during the installation of the unit.
Undrilled top plate
A top plate, undrilled with respect to line trap, is always mounted, if nothing is specified before order, on top of the capacitor voltage transformers of type CPB and the coupling capcaitor of type CCB, except the models with lower capacitance.
The undrilled top plate is always mounted to the top capacitor stack in the factory, for both the capacitor voltage transformer and the coupling capcitor, unless a top plate, drilled for Line Trap (LT), is ordered before manufacturing. The primary terminal is mounted on the extrusion in the middle of the top plate as shown in Figure 1. If a LT shall be mounted on top of the capacitor voltage transformer or the coupling capacitor the top plate must be drilled. This requires the top plate to be removed after delivery and drilled according to the fixturing holes of LT or its pedistal.
1 View of the undrilled top plate. Point one (1) is the mounting extrusion for the primary terminal and point two (2) is the gusset which can be drilled.
Limitations - Maximum screw size is M16. - Minimum bolt circle radius from center of the top plate is 64 mm. - Maximum bolt circle radius from center of the top plate is 148 mm. - Number of drilling points is limited to four (4) points in midway of the gusset marked with two (2) in Figure 1. - Center radius clearance for LT or its pedistal required, due to extrusion marked with point one (1) in Figure 1 is minimum 55 mm. Note! Make sure that the pedistal for the line trap can be used toghether with the undrilled top plate. Caution! Make sure that the unit, where the line trap is to be mounted on, can handle the extra load before assembly. Follow below steps to drill holes in the top plate: - Remove the six (6) screws and remove the top plate from the unit. - Drill and thread the holes along centre line of the gusset according to the limitation specified above. - Mount the top plate on the unit and tighten the six (6) screws with tightening torque of 79 Nm for M12 bolts or 121 Nm for M14. - Mount the pedistal and do not to use any washers and nut between the top plat and expansion housing. The screw's length must be selected so as to achieve sufficient active thread length that is 1.5 times its nominal diameter. As an example a M12 screw must have a minimum active thread length of 1.5 x 12 mm which equals 18 mm. Also note that there is no room for protruding screws underneath the top plate. Thus make sure that the screw's thread length in the top plate does not exceed the top plate gusset thickness of 25 mm. Allowed tightening torque for LT on the top plate is 79 Nm for M12, 121 Nm for M14 and 190 Nm for M16.
C2 test outlet
The C2 test outlet can, if ordered prior to manufacturing, be supplied on CPB capacitor voltage transformers.
The C2 test outlet is an accessory for utilities with certain demands for external access to C2, i.e. the intermediate voltage across the bottom capacitor in the CVD (Capacitor Voltage Divider) of a CVT; see Figure 1. However, due to practical reasons with regard to actual design of the CVD, the C2 test outlet is located in the EMU (Electromagnetic Unit). In the EMU, the C2 test outlet is comprised of a polymeric bushing located on the cover lid at the rear end (opposite side as the oil filling plug). In order to not jeopardize the insulation of the intermediate voltage during normal operation, the bushing contains a contact socket deep below, not just below the cover lid but even sufficiently immersed in the insulation oil. Consequently this socket is accessible by means of a separate test pin (supplied as part of the C2 test outlet) that is to be inserted in the C2 test outlet during testing only. To protect the polymeric bushing from accelerated aging due to UV radiation from the sun, there is a metallic capsule that covers the bushing during normal operation. In addition to this capsule, there is a metallic hexagon plug beneath with an o-ring seal for sealing the bushing against oil leakage. Specification Maximum test voltage 12 kV RMS Connection interface 4 mm banana type provided. Pin at one end and socket at the other. Tightening torque 10 Nm (metallic hexagon plug only) Usage 1. Make sure the CVT is de-energized and sufficiently grounded before opening or interconnecting the C2 test outlet to external equipment. Note! This C2 test outlet must never be put in service while the CVT is in normal operation. 2. Remove the metallic capsule covering the C2 test outlet by hand, turning it counterclockwise. 3. Loosen the metallic hexagon plug using a wrench. Check that the o-ring is intact, otherwise replace it. Spare o-rings can be ordered from ABB; see the contact information at the back of this manual. 4. Insert the supplied test pin into the bushing of the C2 test outlet for interconnection to the utilitys test equipment.
5. Note! Maximum test voltage on the C2 test outlet is limited to 12 kV RMS due to voltage stress between the inserted test pin and the cover lid. This constraint on the intermediate voltage does not however occur during normal operation when the test pin is withdrawn and test outlet sealed. 6. Restore the C2 test outlet in the reverse order. Make sure the metallic hexagon plug is tightened to a torque of 10 Nm torque. The metallic outer capsule is tightened by hand only. The metallic outer capsule must nevertheless be tightened until it makes galvanic contact with the cover lid.
1 This circuit diagram shows the electrical point to which the C2 test outlet is connected. In the example; fuses, PGS (Potential Grounding Switch) and PLC (Power Line Carrier) optional accessories are also shown.
Life cycle analysis
The environmental effects for ABB AB, High Voltage Products' instrument transformers have been evaluated according to methods for appraising environmental effects such as EPS, ET, ECO and TELLUS After disassembling all components, as seen in Figures 1-4 on the next page, can be recycled as described below.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Oil Quartz sand Paper Copper Aluminum Stainless steel Zinc-coated iron Brass 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Porcelain and polymeric Iron Hardening plastic O-rings Glass Wood Thermoplastic Impregnant
Disposal in general must be carried out in accordance with local legal provisions, laws and regulations. Note! ABB AB, High Voltage Products, Instrument Transformers can be engaged to uninstall transformers. There is a charge for this service.
Component Oil
Recommendations for reuse, recycling and incineration Mineral oil according to IEC 61039: L-NTIO-296, is used as impregnating agents. This type of oil is free from PCB and other heavy toxic substances and has low environmental impact. In Germany, the oil is classified in water conversation class WGK1. The oil can be compared with fuel class 1 and used as fuel (due to the low sulfur content in the oil).
Quartz sand Paper and wood Copper Aluminum Stainless steel Zinc-coated iron Brass Iron Porcelain Polymeric O-rings Glass Thermoplastic Impregnant
After oil has been separated from the sand, it can be used as filling material. Oil and sand that have not been separated must be discarded. Paper, wood and oil can be easily consumed in a waste incinerator with a very high temperature. The decomposition products are water, carbon dioxide and small amounts of nitrogen oxides. Return to a recycling company Return to a recycling company Return to a recycling company Return to a recycling company Return to a recycling company Return to a recycling company Crushed and used as filling material Return to a recycling company Ground down and used as filling material Return to a recycling company Return to a recycling company Faradol 600 or Faradol 810 are used as impregnating agents in the capacitor part of the CVT. These hydrocarbon type fluids are mixtures of isomers known chemically as mono-and dibenzyltoluenes in Faradol 600 and mono benzyltoluene and diphenylethane (phenylethyl benzene) in Faradol 810. Both types of fluids are characterized by their excellent electrical properties, especially PD characteristics, low bioaccumulation and relatively rapid biodegradability. Faradol 600 and 810 are both class IIIB (OSHA classification) combustible fluids. Incineration of Faradol 600 and 810 produces no poisonous gases, only water and carbon dioxide. It is therefore suitable to dispose of the fluid and the impregnated components through incineration. The fluids however, are toxic to aquatic organisms. The fluids must therefore be handled accordingly. It is thus recommended that the impregnant be incinerated in a plant intended for this purpose.
42 Disposal | Manual
1 Cut-away view of an IMB current transformer | 2 Cut-away view of an EMF inductive voltage transformer | 3 Cut-away view of a CPB capacitor voltage transformer | 4 Cut-away view of a CCB coupling capacitor 1 13 4, 5, 12 12 5 5 12 2 5 12 13 5 4, 5
9 9 1, 2
3, 4, 5 5 1, 2 3, 4, 10, 15 5 5 12 8, 11, 12, 15 5 3 4, 5 5 6 5 5 12 11 4, 5 9 9 16 5 11 4, 5 5 12 6 16 4 12 8, 11, 12, 15 5 4, 5 5 6 12 12 5 3, 4
5 3, 4 8, 11, 12, 15 5
11 1
12
5 3, 4 10 5 11 5
12
Manual | Disposal 43
Troubleshooting
For CPB
Symptom Zero output, voltage
Possible cause 1. Potential ground switch grounded (if so equipped) 2. Load shorted, or secondary leads shorted. 3. Tapped capacitor lead internally shorted. C2 shorted. 4. Capacitor tap bushing not in contact with step-down transformer 5. Any high voltage wires internally in contact with grounded metal parts 6. Step-down transformer arcing or partially shorted 7. B1 to B10 adjustment taps shorted
Corrective measured 1. Open switch (if so equipped) 2. Trace origin or replace leads 3. Measure capacitance from tap to ground with CVT circuit disconnected and neutral of primary open. Replace capacitor if shorted. 4. Clean contact surfaces. Check spring contact for elasticity. 5. Keep clear distances. 6. Replace complete CVT or only the EMU. 7. Note all wiring B11B1 to ground. Remove any possible short-circuit. Check if any adjustment step is not potential-free. Check with manufacturer for the correct adjustment setting. Individual for each unit.
CPB EMF IMB
Insulation resistance of secondary terminals low (<50,000 ohm) megger <= 2 kV
1. Damaged insulation on secondary wires. Any winding. 2. Damping circuit, i.e. Rd and Ld, in contact with or too close to tank or core. First winding only.
1. Replace the damaged wires with new oil-resistant wires internally. Corrective action inside electromagnetic unit is required. 2. Relocate components to their original positions. Corrective action inside electromagnetic unit is required. 1. Check taps on reactor terminal board. Corrective action inside electromagnetic unit is required. 2. Replace reactor or complete EMU. Reset reactor taps to same setting as unit being replaced. Corrective action inside electromagnetic unit is required.
CPB
Output voltage out of phase by 3degrees or more.
1. Compensating reactor partially or completely shorted. 2. Compensating reactor shorted internally
CPB
About 7 to 15% lower than normal voltage
1. Tap capacitor section shorted
1. Measure C2 tap to ground capacitance with CVT circuit disconnected and neutral of primary open. Replace capacitor if variation from rating plate has increased by 7% or more. Corrective action inside electromagnetic unit is required.
CPB EMF
Distorted output voltage
1. Heavy load on secondary exceeding thermal load. 2. Damping circuit, i.e. Rd and Ld, in contact with or too close to tank or core. First winding only. 3. Step-down transformer arcing or partially shorted
1. Reduce load. 2. Open filter at d1-d2 terminals. Measure d1-d2 resistance. Value according to rating plate. If open circuit or higher value check for loose wires. Lower value check for shorted components. 3. Replace EMU. Set taps to same setting as unit being replaced 1. Reduce load
CPB EMF
Lower than normal voltage, over -1.2%
1. Heavy load on secondary exceeding thermal load.
1) Some measures require breaking warrant seals. During the warranty period, please obtain authorization from your ABB representative prior to taking corrective measures.
44 Troubleshooting | Manual
Checklist
Prior to energizing
What to check External package damage Signs of oil leakage Transformer damage Corrosion on primary and ground terminals Oil level Tan- measurement B,C C IMB, CPB, EMF IMB, CPB, EMF When A A,B,C B,C B Applies to IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF Check for Broken bracing, signs of rough handling Visible oil spillage Damage to insulator and terminals Corrosion on the contact surface. If present remove the same. Oil visible in level glass On-site reference value
After energizing
What to check Signs of oil leakage Transformer damage Oil level Tan- measurement Insulation test on secondary windings Oil sample and gas analysis E IMB, CPB, EMF When D,E D,E D,E E E Applies to IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF IMB, CPB, CCB, EMF IMB, CPB, EMF Check for Visible oil spillage Damage to insulator and terminals Oil visible in level glass Trends and change of values. Values depend on age, voltage level, test method and temperature Values depend on age, voltage level, test method and temperature Content of critical gases indicating possible damage
Definitions
A B C D E After arrival of the transformer at the destination Upon unpacking Immediately before energizing During periodic routine checks according to established schedule for the S/S After 15-20 years
Manual | Troubleshooting 45
Customer notes
46 Troubleshooting | Manual
Manual | Troubleshooting 47
Contact us
and OHSAS 18001. Note! ABB AB is working to continuously to improve its products. We therefore reserve the right to change designs, dimensions and data without prior notice.
Phone: +46 240 78 20 00 Fax: +46 240 78 27 02 E-mail: order_it@se.abb.com ABB AB Diagnostics lab PPTOR/AD SE-771 80 Ludvika Sweden E-mail: diagnostics@se.abb.com Phone: +46 240-78 20 00 ABB AB Instrument transformers Marketing department PPHC/M SE-771 80 Ludvika Sweden Phone: +46 240 78 20 00 Fax: +46 240 78 36 50 www.abb.com
Publication 1HSE96002-12en, revision A, 2013-06-19, Manual, Outdoor instrument transformer, Photo: Hasse Eriksson
ABB AB Instrument transformers Order department PPHC/IO SE-771 80 Ludvika Sweden
Copyright 2013 ABB. All rights reserved. ABB AB is certified according to ISO 9001, ISO 14001

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Manual Outdoor instrument transformers

Outdoor instrument transformers Definitions Packaging, transport and storage

Installation Maintenance Oil sampling Tan- measurement

Installation Maintenance Oil sampling

Installation Maintenance Oil sampling

Life cycle analysis Troubleshooting Checklist

2 Table of contents | Manual

Outdoor instrument transformers

Manual | Outdoor instrument transformers 3

Packaging, transport and storage

6 Packaging, transport and storage | Manual

Manual | Packaging, transport and storage 7

8 IMB 36-800 kV | Manual

Manual | IMB 36-800 kV 9

10 IMB 36-800 kV | Manual

1 Oil level glass location on the current transformer

2 Oil level glass indicating empty

Manual | IMB 36-800 kV 11

12 IMB 36-800 kV | Manual

Manual | IMB 36-800 kV 13

14 IMB 36-800 kV | Manual

Manual | IMB 36-800 kV 15

16 EMF 52-170 kV | Manual

2 Assembly of primary terminal

Manual | EMF 52-170 kV 17

1 Oil level glass location on an inductive voltage transformer

2 Oil level glass indicating empty

18 EMF 52-170 kV | Manual

Manual | EMF 52-170 kV 19

20 CPB 72-800 kV | Manual

1 Assembly of upper capacitor stacks, if any

2 Assembly of primary terminal

Manual | CPB 72-800 kV 21

22 CPB 72-800 kV | Manual

Manual | CPB 72-800 kV 23

24 CPB 72-800 kV | Manual

Manual | CPB 72-800 kV 25

26 CCB 72-800 kV | Manual

Manual | CCB 72-800 kV 27

1 Surge arrester fitted to the current transformer

1 Manometer mounted on a current transformer

Spark gap device

Oil test plug

Oil test valve

PLC carrier accessories

PLC carrier accessories

Undrilled top plate

Life cycle analysis

3, 4, 5 5 1, 2 3, 4, 10, 15 5 5 12 8, 11, 12, 15 5 3 4, 5 5 6 5 5 12 11 4, 5 9 9 16 5 11 4, 5 5 12 6 16 4 12 8, 11, 12, 15 5 4, 5 5 6 12 12 5 3, 4

Symptom Zero output, voltage

CPB EMF IMB

Insulation resistance of secondary terminals low (<50,000 ohm) megger <= 2 kV

Output voltage out of phase by 3degrees or more.

1. Compensating reactor partially or completely shorted. 2. Compensating reactor shorted internally

About 7 to 15% lower than normal voltage

1. Tap capacitor section shorted

Distorted output voltage

Lower than normal voltage, over -1.2%

1. Heavy load on secondary exceeding thermal load.

ABB AB Instrument transformers Order department PPHC/IO SE-771 80 Ludvika Sweden

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