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V8I
3D Piping Modeling
DAA037970-1/0001
COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
TRADEMARK NOTICE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ISOGEN is a registered trademark of Alias Ltd., United Kingdom. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. AutoCAD is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc. Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, the Acrobat logo are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation. Crystal Reports is a registered trademark of Business Objects SA. Volo is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc. Other brands and product names are the trademarks of their respective owners.
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Tutorial
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS PIPING? ....................................................................................................... 1-2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................... 1-2 HELP AND DOCUMENTATION................................................................................... 1-3 PRINTING HELP/TUTORIAL FILES ............................................................... 1-3 ABOUT THIS TUTORIAL ............................................................................................. 1-4 COMPONENT PLACEMENT BASICS ............................................................ 1-5 MODEL CONSTRUCTION.............................................................................. 1-5 PRE-START CHECKLIST ............................................................................... 1-5 INSTALL PIPING PROGRAM FILES ........................................................ 1-5 FEATURES.................................................................................................................. 1-6 NEW FEATURES ............................................................................................ 1-6 AUTOCAD RELATED FEATURES ........................................................... 1-6 GENERAL AUTOPLANT ENHANCEMENTS............................................ 1-6 PIPING ENHANCEMENTS ....................................................................... 1-6 NEW COMPONENTS ............................................................................... 1-7 NEW CATALOG AND SPECS .................................................................. 1-7 PROJECTWISE RELATED SUPPORT..................................................... 1-8 OTHER FEATURES........................................................................................ 1-8 PROJECT DATABASE SERVER SOFTWARE SUPPORT ....................... 1-8 INTEGRATION WITH AUTOPLANT P&IW APPLICATIONS .................... 1-8 PRODUCTIVITY ....................................................................................... 1-9 TRUE 3D DESIGN .................................................................................... 1-9 COMPONENT DISPLAY AND REPRESENTATIONS............................. 1-10 INTELLIGENT SELECTION.................................................................... 1-11 SPECIFICATION-DRIVEN...................................................................... 1-12 FLEXIBLE PLACEMENT CAPABILITIES................................................ 1-14 AUTOPLANTS REPORT WRITER MODULE......................................... 1-14 CENTERLINE ROUTERS ....................................................................... 1-16 PROGRAM ARCHITECTURE - CUSTOMIZATION ................................ 1-17 SUPPLEMENTAL APPLICATIONS............................................................... 1-17 TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES ................................................................. 1-19 TECHNICAL SUPPORT ................................................................................ 1-19 SELECT SERVICES ONLINE ....................................................................... 1-19
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SELECT PRIVILEGES...................................................................................1-20 PRODUCT UPDATES AND UPGRADES................................................1-20 AROUND-THE-CLOCK TECHNICAL SUPPORT....................................1-20 EXCLUSIVE LICENSING OPTIONS .......................................................1-20 DISCOUNTS ON TRAINING AND CONSULTING SERVICES................1-21 BENTLEY CONSULTING...........................................................................................1-21 BENTLEY INSTITUTE................................................................................................1-21 THE BENTLEY INTEGRATION NETWORK...............................................................1-21 DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS.........................................................................1-22 PROCEDURE CONVENTIONS.....................................................................1-22
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PLACING COMPONENTS IN A SKEWED VIEW .......................................... 4-16 ALIGNING COMPONENTS........................................................................... 4-19 ATTACHING TO A CENTERLINE ................................................................. 4-20 AUTOMATIC PIPE PLACEMENT.................................................................. 4-22 INSERT INTO PIPE....................................................................................... 4-23 COMPLETING THE EXERCISES .............................................................................. 4-24 CHAPTER REVIEW ................................................................................................... 4-25 WHATS NEXT .............................................................................................. 4-25
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WHATS NEXT?.............................................................................................6-15
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PIPING CENTERLINES ............................................................................................... 9-9 PLACING NOZZLES ..................................................................................... 9-10 PLACING A VALVE ....................................................................................... 9-12 PLACING ELBOWS ...................................................................................... 9-14 AUTO ROUTER MODE ............................................................................................. 9-18 AUTOPIPE .................................................................................................... 9-19 MIRRORING AND COPYING COMPONENTS .......................................................... 9-21 EDITING THE DRAWING .......................................................................................... 9-23 REMOVING AND REPLACING COMPONENTS........................................... 9-23 STRETCHING COMPONENTS .................................................................... 9-24 TAPPING COMPONENTS......................................................................................... 9-25 CLEAN UP ................................................................................................................. 9-28 CHAPTER REVIEW ................................................................................................... 9-29
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXPLORER/ID ..........................................................................................................10-21 EXPLORER PROGRAM START .........................................................................10-21 VIEWING AUTOPLANT COMPONENT INFORMATION ...........................................10-22 INTERFERENCE DETECTION MODULE ..............................................................10-22 EXPLORER/ID PROGRAM START ...............................................................10-22
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INTRODUCTION
This tutorial introduces many of the main features in AutoPLANT PIPING. For information related to the use of a specific command or function refer to the on-line help. WHAT IS PIPING? SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS HELP AND DOCUMENTATION ABOUT THIS TUTORIAL FEATURES TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-4 1-6 1-20 1-23
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INTRODUCTION
HELP AND DOCUMENTATION
WHAT IS PIPING?
PIPING is a powerful addition to Autodesks popular AutoCAD drafting package. The program architecture takes advantage of the latest AutoCAD technology to produce intelligent, threedimensional production models under demanding deadline constraints. If you are a new user of Bentley AutoPLANT PIPING, you will soon discover that PIPING provides a true threedimensional work environment. Objects can be viewed from any perspective, and you can toggle between various display modes almost instantaneously, without creating duplicate objects in the drawing or experiencing a lag in redraw time. The underlying data is more powerful than ever. Component and drawing control data is dynamically linked to an external project database. The database information can be used to generate reports, or to globally manipulate and revise the descriptive component data.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
You must have a CD drive or Internet access for product installation. The following prerequisites are required to run Bentley Plant Design V8i applications.
Operating System Network Environment Hardware Environment CPU Memory Windows XP Professional SP2 or later Windows Vista 32 Bit SP1 Windows Server 2000, 2003 Minimum hardware requirements are recommended based on the specified version of AutoCAD being used with any additional requirements noted below. Intel Pentium 4 processor or AMD Athlon, 3.0 GHz or greater, or Intel or AMD Dual Core processor, 2.0 GHz or greater 2 GB Memory or greater 2 GB free hard disk space available for software operation over and above the installation disk space. 1,280 x 1,024 32-bit color video display adapter (true color) 128 MB or greater, OpenGL, or Direct 3D capable workstation class graphics card. For Windows Vista, a Direct 3D capable workstation class graphics card with 128 MB or greater is required. ProjectWise V8i (8.11.5) AutoCAD: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 AutoCAD Mechanical Desktop 2006, 2007, 2008 Architectural Desktop: 2006, 2007, 2008 Building Systems 2006, 2007, 2008 AutoCAD Mechanical 2006, 2007, 2008 Note: The latest applicable service packs must be used for the above products. Database Integration Microsoft Access 2003, 2007 SQL Server 2005 (Standard and Enterprise) SQL Server Express
Graphics Card
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Oracle 10g Release 2. Version: 10.2.0.4 Oracle 11g Release 1. Version: 11.1.0.6 Other Related Products Microsoft Office 2003, 2007 .Net Framework 2.0 or higher .Net Framework 1.1 with AutoCAD 2006 Crystal Reports Version 12 Isogen 9.1
Before you install the Bentley Plant Design software, you should confirm that you have adequate hardware and software capabilities to install and use the product.
New Features: Provides links to new and modified features by version number. Working with AutoPLANT 3D Plant Design: Provides access to procedures that specify how to use PIPING. Command Reference: This folder is organized to closely match the structure of the Piping main menu. This should enable you to quickly locate help on a specific menu option. The help for each command resides in a separate folder under the menu name folder where it exists in the menu.
INTRODUCTION
ABOUT THIS TUTORIAL
This tutorial also emphasizes the use of PIPINGs Drawing Production utilities to place annotation, dimensions, Bill of Materials, and Sections in Paper Space as shown below.
INTRODUCTION
ABOUT THIS TUTORIAL
MODEL CONSTRUCTION
The bulk of this tutorial focuses on the construction of a simple piping model. Separate chapters are provided on building the model, working with model data, annotating and dimensioning the model, and producing reports. At the end of the tutorial, you will have constructed a sample piping model, obtained a solid working knowledge of the program, and learned how to apply these techniques to create your own models.
PRE-START CHECKLIST
INSTALL PIPING PROGRAM FILES
Before you can begin this Tutorial, you must install the PIPING program files onto your hard disk and configure your computer system to run PIPING.
INTRODUCTION
FEATURES
FEATURES
PIPING runs on top of AutoCAD and includes pull-down menus and toolbars that contain commands specifically designed for the creation and modification of professional piping models. The PIPING pull-down menus are organized in a cascading style like those in AutoCAD. In addition, PIPING provides easy access to AutoCAD commands, and supports most AutoCAD command line key-ins. Note Chapter 3 introduces the PIPING interface and offers suggestions for customizing the interface to suit your working style.
NEW FEATURES
The following new features were added to enhance the performance and operation of AutoPLANT V8i. Below is a brief overview of what upgrades have been included in this release.
Support for AutoCAD 2009 Autohide option for dockable containers. (i.e. Component Preferences) AutoPLANT Component Properties in ACAD palette
Shipped Crystal Report Engine 11.5 Latest Isogen 9.1 included Xref Bind support for Briefcase drawing in Project mode drawing and vice versa Implementation of native ISOGEN based Center of Gravity calculations Allow split criteria to be combination of any file(s) Isogen support of Conduit module Fluid volume for COG now calculated using pipe ID instead of OD
PIPING ENHANCEMENTS
New "check facing" function for lap joint stub end flanges Enhanced the representation of insulation on flanges Allow tag modification during explode/bind function Stop signs are now ignored by Connectivity Checker Calculation of bolt lengths on the basis of specs The dialog box of the gear operator has been updated to include a check box which allows the user to place an integrated roto chain links on gear operator Option to update the Main Size information in xData via the Update from spec dialog Associated primitives tags linked to parent Equipment Referenced drawing data refreshed on reload xRef Updated placement design for supports including dummy leg BOP and flat turn elbow supports Refrigeration module regulators placement logic is updated and by default all regulators are drawn in vertical direction
NEW COMPONENTS
SPECGEN
Provided dynamic filtering while building constraints in a spec Provided ability to user to convet specs to catalogs without opening in SpecGen Provided the ability to locate a catalog while building a constraint in a section Ability to Export tables from Catalog editor as HTML and Text Allow instant filtering in Catalog Editor
Support for ProjectWise V8i Save As support in AutoPLANT PW enabled project Copy document support in PW Explorer for AutoPLANT 3D docs Work Area integration with ProjectWise Work Area xRef synchronization with ProjectWise Drawing Flattener integration with ProjectWise Multiple documents export/import from ProjectWise Explorer into Briefcase Mode Project connectivity tool integration with ProjectWise 2d/3d applications and Consistency Reporter updated to view documents in ProjectWise enabled projects Disallow user to save files opened as Read-Only and instead prompt to do Save As.
OTHER FEATURES
PROJECT DATABASE SERVER SOFTWARE SUPPORT
One of the primary capabilities of Bentley Plant applications is support for powerful databases such as SQL Server and Oracle. Previously, only MS Access was supported and the user had to manage their project using manual procedures. There are three modes of operation that you can choose from for a project.
Briefcase mode: (replaces the former Standalone mode) single drawing, no project database. Suitable for a one-off drawing or a small project. Distributed mode: project database, with individual model MDB files. This mode closely resembles the capabilities provided in AutoPLANT 3D v2.01 applications. Distributed mode is intended for small/medium sized projects where the user wants to continue to run MS Access or MSDE for the primary database while retaining the benefits of a managed project. Central mode: all data stored in central project database. Requires MSDE, Oracle, or SQL Server. Note Central Mode and/or Oracle & SQL Server is an additional cost item
PRODUCTIVITY
PIPINGs emphasis is on producing finished 3D models. Drawing production tools are provided to set up work areas and views. These enable you to manage multiple drawings developed for a particular project and generate production drawings from them. You are able to output these production drawings, generate reports, and create drawings through other AutoPLANT applications, such as EQUIPMENT or STRUCTURAL, which can be xreferenced in to form a complete model. A variety of features are available to automate most repetitive drafting tasks. Extensive use of PIPING's utilities automate processes such as conversion between drawing modes, generation of Bill of Materials, routing centerline paths, automatic placement of pipe, etc. Our goal is to automate the processes that formerly required intensive user interaction, thereby saving you time while ensuring accurate, clean models. Managers responsible for meeting tight production deadlines will appreciate this important design philosophy.
TRUE 3D DESIGN
When our developers began work on PIPING, much of the emphasis was placed on creating clean three-dimensional models. It was also a requirement that the file size be minimized, and that views be available to support a variety of display modes without the added baggage of creating duplicate copies of components. The result of our efforts is a true three-dimensional work environment that does not sacrifice speed or drawing size to achieve its goal. Gone are the days of being forced to visualize 3D objects in 2D space. Of course, the model can always be displayed in 2D mode and optimized for plotting, but we are sure that you will find connecting components and routing pipe lines much easier using the 3D methodology.
PIPING components are constructed from a group of Custom Objects. For example, a piece of piping is created from a cylinder, while a flanged ball valve is created from two cylinders for the
flanges, two cones, and a sphere. These custom objects have four inherent display modes, which enable you to almost instantaneously switch between display modes.
In addition, the PIPING application provides a set of representation commands that enable you to generate and display single line, double-line, and 3D representations of specific components in a piping line, or complete lines in the same model.
INTELLIGENT SELECTION
PIPING models are not merely drawings. As the model is created, a project database is also maintained, which contains a record for each component placed in the model as well as relationships between components and specific project properties in the model. A components data can be edited at any time during a drawing session. Many PIPING functions enable you to apply the function to a selection set of components. PIPINGs selection tool enables you to define a selection set by querying the project database as a whole, which will select component records from all drawings based on the value of a project object (e.g., LineNumber), or to query based on drawing attributes (e.g., color, layer). After a selection set of components is created, you can globally revise values, change line numbers, enter unique descriptions, etc. This is particularly useful when updating drawings due to design changes.
SPECIFICATION-DRIVEN
PIPING provides sample database catalogs of tens of thousands of components from which manufacturer-specific specifications may be produced. The Specification Generator program enables you to build and customize the database specifications used with particular projects or clients. Each specification is a subset of a catalog and is stored in its own directory. Specifications can also be edited or modified to suit unique requirements, and any number of specifications can be created. The ability to select and apply one or more specifications consistently throughout one or more drawings or projects is why we call PIPING a specification-driven application. Because PIPING components are placed according to defined specifications, they are not merely drawing blocks. Instead, the components are built parametrically, and therefore have a high degree of intelligence. To expedite the drawing process, sample specifications are included. These specifications are available in Imperial, Metric, and Mixed-Metric versions. A brief description of some of the sample specs provided is given below:
Carbon Steel: A sample carbon steel specification, based on 150-pound ANSI pressure classification (Imperial: CS150, Metric: MCS150, and Mixed Metric: MMCS150).
Stainless Steel: A sample stainless steel specification (Imperial: SS150, Metric: MSS150, and Mixed Metric: MMSS150). Ductile Iron: The Ductile Iron Pipe module provides a set of components, which are typically used for water/wastewater applications. A sample ductile iron specification (Imperial: Ductile, Metric: MDUCT, and Mixed Metric: MMDUCT). Victaulic: The Victaulic module provides a set of components, which are typically used in commercial building piping. A sample Victaulic specification (Imperial: Victalic, Metric: MVICT, and Mixed Metric: MMVICT). High Purity: The High Purity module provides a set of components, which are typically used in HiPurity, Food/Bev, Pharmaceutical, Dairy, Breweries, etc. A sample High Purity specification (Imperial: TriClove, Metric: MTRIC, Mixed Metric: MMTric). Lined Pipe: A sample Resistoflex (RSF) specification (Imperial: RSF, Metric: MRSF, Mixed Metric: MMRSF). Cable Tray: The Cable Tray module provides a standard set of cable tray components used in most industries. A sample Cable Tray specification (Imperial: CableT, Metric: MCableT, and Mixed Metric: MMCableT). Conduit: The Conduit module provides a set of thin wall tubing components, which typically contains electrical wires and are used by most industries. A sample Conduit specification (Imperial:Conduit, Metric: MCond, Mixed Metric: MMCond). HVAC: The HVAC module provides a set of components for Heating/Ventilating/Air Conditioning. Typically, this Ductwork is used by all industries where the plant is inside a building, including Food/Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Dairy, Breweries, etc. A sample HVAC specification (Imperial: HVAC, Metric: MHVAC, Mixed Metric: MMHVAC). Tubing: The Tubing module provides a set of components, including small bore tubing used for instrumentation lines in many industries These components are typically used in the pharmaceutical industry, and also in mechanical design applications (pump manufacturers, etc). A sample Tubing specification (Imperial: Swagelok, Metric: MSwglok, Mixed Metric: MMSwglok).
PIPINGs specification-related features include a default component switch, which enables you to force the system to utilize the spec record that you have defined as the default for a specific component size. Note Refer to the Spec Generators on-line help system for more information on specificationrelated features and functions.
PIPING uses the Microsoft ACCESS (*.MDB) versions of the specs as the default.
The AutoPLANT Report Generator function generates fully customizable external reports. The dialog that appears when you execute this function is shown below.
CENTERLINE ROUTERS
The Piping Tools > Centerline Routers menu provides commands to construct the geometry of a piping line. Elevation and coordinate data are stored on the line and are applied to components placed on them. You can also associate intelligence, including: size, spec, line number, insulation thickness, etc. with the line so that these settings are assigned to any component placed on the line. The Centerline Routing tools are often the easiest method of defining an entire pipe run, or all runs in a given model.
SUPPLEMENTAL APPLICATIONS
AutoPLANT software is shipped with a set of supplemental applications. These utilities are provided in the main AutoPLANT 3D menu and toolbar as shown below. The top part of the menu contains options to launch the primary AutoPLANT applications, while the remainder of the menu provides access to the most commonly used supplemental applications. Options that appear grayed-out in the menu have not been installed.
AutoPLANT 3D Menu
Hint
Directly launch all of these applications (except Import/Export and Model Review) from the Windows Start menu by selecting the start icon from the Bentley > Plant > Tools or Project Tools groups.
A brief description of each of these applications is provided in the following table. A more detailed explanation of each application is provided in Chapter 10, Supplemental Applications at the end of this tutorial. Each of these supplemental applications has its own associated context-sensitive help file, which can be launched from the application. Refer to the application help file for a detailed explanation of every available feature and function.
Import/Export Import/Export is intended to facilitate transfer of CAD data between AutoPLANT and other CAD/CAE software. The transfer is accomplished using Bentleys Plant Design (PXF) data format, which can either be generated or read by AutoPLANT. AutoPLANT also supports output to a Piping Component Format (PCF) for input to Alias Limiteds ISOGEN software. JSM (J Space Model) Export format is used to allow Bentleys Enterprises Navigator to view the models in JSpace. Further information is provided in Chapter 10 about this Export Format. Model Review must be purchased separately. It is an interactive 3D viewer for models and sets of models that interact with these at a guaranteed frame rate. It supports multiple formats, as well as its own native file formats. Navigation and view controls enable the most complex model to be explored with ease. AutoPLANT may operate in three primary project modes: Briefcase, Central, or Distributed. These modes determine the manner in which model data is stored and also may limit access to specific functionality in the application based on this selection. The Project Administrator enables you to create and manage project data and drawing/model defaults and settings. The Project Administrator is the tool for modifying these files and creating saved sets of configuration definitions that can be applied to a particular project. This option displays when you are working in Briefcase mode or ProjectWiseintegrated projects. In these applications, the model data is stored as a configuration instead of in a project. The Configuration Editor enables you to edit/save configuration definitions which can be used for these modes. The Relationship Manager provides a central location for an administrator to manage Bentley AutoPLANT 3D relationship values (e.g., LineNumber, Unit, Area, Service, Spool, and Document.) It can be used in either a project or configuration environment. The Class Editor provides a single source for the manipulation of AutoPLANT PIPING and ISOMETRICS modules, components, and their associated configuration files on a project-by-project basis. The Script Editor provides an intuitive user interface to create/customize AutoPLANT Basic drawing scripts and functions. Context-sensitive help is provided to almost every standard Basic and AutoPLANT Basic API Extension command, function, data type, etc.
Model Review
Project Administrator
Configuration Editor
Relationship Manager
Class Editor
Script Editor
INTRODUCTION
TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES
Dialog Editor The Dialog Editor provides an intuitive graphical user interface to create/customize AutoPLANT-compatible Basic dialogs that may be used in your Basic scripts and functions. The BasicScript statements that construct the dialog instance may be inserted directly into custom scripts created with the Bentley Script Editor. The Drawing Access Mode toggles a dialog which indicates whether the drawing was last saved in a project, or as a briefcase mode drawing. You may then specify how you want to open the drawing for the current session.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
At the heart of Bentley's support initiative is Bentley SELECT, the most comprehensive service and technology subscription program of its kind. With a commitment to its users unequalled in its industry, Bentley streamlines the delivery and support of its products to Bentley SELECT subscribers. Organizations whose competitive advantage stems from continuous improvement rely on Bentley SELECT to increase their employees' skills in employing Bentley products and, ultimately, improve their bottom line. Bentley users not currently subscribed to Bentley SELECT should visit the Contacts Page at http://www.bentley.com/corporate/contacts/ for technical support information.
INTRODUCTION
TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES
SELECT PRIVILEGES
PRODUCT UPDATES AND UPGRADES
Bentley SELECT members receive free updates and upgrades for all Bentley products covered by SELECT as soon as they are available, via Web downloads and MySELECT CD.
INTRODUCTION
TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES
BENTLEY CONSULTING
Bentley Consulting specializes in assisting organizations in:
Exploiting technology Optimizing workflows Helping project team members be their most productive
With the know-how that only comes from years of practical experience, Bentley Consulting team members--located around the globe--work with firms to determine best practice standards and assist in implementing a plan to guide their people, methods and technology. The result for you: your project team will work smarter, faster and with higher quality results.
BENTLEY INSTITUTE
The Bentley Institute provides ongoing training courses to help organizations achieve maximum productivity through professional growth.
Training courses are delivered at authorized Bentley Institute Centers worldwide. Professional Series courses focus on training on Bentley's Engineering Configurations. These courses are delivered at Bentley facilities and taught by qualified faculty members who have industry as well as application expertise.
Implements the most advanced engineering information creation and management tools Utilizes best practices to deliver bottom-line, business benefits Extends the power of engineering intelligence to architects, engineers, partners, clients and owners.
SUPPLEMENTAL APPLICATIONS
AUTOPLANT DRAWING FLATTENER
Its comprehensive suite of services ranges from high-level consulting to improve business process to customized development, implementation, training and support.
DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS
The following conventions are maintained throughout this Tutorial in order to emphasize menu selections, user-interaction, file names, and other standards.
Convention NOTE: HINT: WARNING: FILENAMES
Program Code
Description Precedes information of general importance. Precedes optional time-saving information. Precedes information about actions that should not be performed under normal operating conditions. Directory paths and file names are italicized. Example: \AT-EQP directory, AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Excerpts from text or basic script files, script variables, and statements appear in the font shown. Commands or information that must be manually entered is bolded in the font shown. Menu commands and dialog buttons appear in a sans serif font that stands out from normal body text. Example: After selecting the File menu, press the OK button in the dialog. Dialog and database table names are italicized. Example: The Preferences dialog. Indicates that the command must be executed from a menu or dialog. Indicates an item (component or point) that may be picked on a drawing. Throughout this Tutorial, the menu command sequence required to execute a command will be explicitly defined in the text, while the associated toolbar button is presented in the left margin.
PROCEDURE CONVENTIONS
Procedures are provided throughout this tutorial. Menu selections and user input are emphasized in bold while the toolbar equivalent is shown in the margin. Refer to the example below.