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Experiment 1 Magnetic Effect Aim: To investigate magnets and magnetic fields.

. Apparatus: Retort stand and clamp, A pair of bar magnets, cotton thread, iron fillings, iron and steel nail, compass needle. Sources of error and precautions 1. 2. Method : A bar magnet was suspended in a stirrup so that it was free to move and rotate. When it stopped moving the end which pointed towards the Earths north was marked with a dot. Another magnet was brought close to the suspended one first like poles facing each other and then unlike poles. The observations were recorded in the results. Two bar magnets were placed on each side of a compass needle with their N poles facing each other. They were moved apart until the compass needle pointed up/down direction. The distance from each magnet to the compass needle was measured. A nail was placed vertically on the S pole of a magnet. The south pole of another magnet was brought close to the tip of the nail and the results observed. Two identical nails are now placed side by side on the north pole of a magnet and the results were recorded. A steel nail and an iron nail were each placed on the north pole of a magnet. They were immersed into a heap of iron fillings and the amount of fillings collected was noted. The magnets were removed and the amount of fillings that remained attached to the nails was observed. A bar magnet was placed on a sheet of paper. A plotting compass was placed at various points around it and the direction of the needle was observed. A sheet of paper was

now placed on the bar magnet and some iron fillings was sprinkled on top of it. The paper was tapped gently so that a clear image was formed. This was repeated for magnets with like and unlike poles facing each other respectively.

Results: 1. When the magnet was suspended in the stirrup, and another magnet was brought close to it with like poles facing each other _____________ occurred. However when the N pole was facing the S- pole ______________ occurred. 2. The magnets were moved to and fro until the compass needle pointed up/down. At this point the distance of magnet A from the compass needle was ___________cm while that of magnet B was ____________cm. This means that magnet A magnetic strength is ________________ than magnet B magnetic strength. 3. When the nail was suspended at one pole of the magnet it was magnetized by ________________. The _____________ nail attracted more fillings than the ____________ nail. However on removing the magnet the ______________ nail lost most of the fillings while the ____________ retained most of it. 4. On sprinkling the iron fillings , a _________ ____________ was produced. The direction of the magnetic field was given by the _____________ _______________. Conclusion : 1. _________________poles of a magnet ____________ while ___________ poles of a magnet repel. 2. A strong magnet has a ___________ magnetic field than a weak magnet. 3. ______________is a soft magnetic material, it is easily magnetized but also loses its magnetism easily as well. While ____________ is a hard magnetic material. It is more difficult to magnetise but _________________ some of its magnetism permanently. 4. The magnetic lines of force emerge from the ____________ pole and enters the ______________ pole.

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