THE INDIAN SCHOOLJOURNAL

... , ............................. _ .......................................................................... ..

c.An lllustrated uYlonthly uYlagazine e
Published by the United States Indian
Training School, Chilocco, Oklahoma
......... ........... ............. _ .... .. ..... .......... ................. ....................... ........... .. .
Volume 19
U\1AY 1919
Number 9
A EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM
By CHAS. H. JUDD.
Dean or tru S4!hool or Ed ... ation. Chi('ago Unin'nity.
IN The Yale Reuieu'.
I
N Ameri ca we are
beginning to recog-
nize that along with
the other changes in
nati onal po) icy,
which the war has
Sign 'f produced, will come
h I leant changes in education. We
ave: however, no machinery in our
PohtIcal te
work t sys m that can be set at
b
. 0 formulate these changes and
flng th .
prom em. to publIc attention for
to d' pt consIderation. We shall have
unoffically in the
th o. de\elopmg public opinion to
e POmt whe It' .
be effec . . re u Imately there WIll
inform tt
l
.\ e actIon ba ed on general
a Ion.
In ear,.,.'
therei t .,mg on such a di scussion
into s he strongest temptation to fall
and prophecy. While
those: on, wh): not accomplish all
The cla
e
whIch are to be desired?
had th Who in ordinary life has
cult Itter experience of seeing his
the OPe hopes that the war will be
DlOg of a period of new human-
ism. The advocate of indust rial edu-
cation sees signs of a realizaton of his
dream. To his mind it is certain that
trade schools will follow the war. The
scientist sees science triumphant. and
the historian is reviving from the
shock that came to him when the
teachings of history were set at
naught, and is beginning to look for
unlimited opportunities in the new era
when students will be more anxious
than ever before to find out what civil-
ization is and how it came to be.
The first problem that confronts
the purified democracy that is to issue
from this war is the problem of mak-
ing the American educational system
truly continuous. "'e have now the
externals of a continuous course. The
pupil passes out of the elementary
school into the high school. From the
high school the way is open into col-
lege and technical school. From col-
lege there are paths leading pro-
fessional schools. The way IS. theo-
retically open without obs.truction to
all classes and kinds of pupIls.
330
THE I NDI AN SCHOOL J OURNAL
This form of continuity is a unique
characu>rbLic of American schools.
Europe. which derived the higher
branch of its present school organiza-
t ion from an early period when edu-
cation ns not intended to be demo-
cratic, does not have this continuity.
If one back to the first European
school: one finds that these were pro-
f essional schoo ' intended for the
trai ningof the: ns of the aristocracy.
The rni,ersil)" of Bologna, founded
in the rwelffi century, was a law
schoo!' Thither ..-ent the sons of those
families that 1I"ere concerned with the
making of the law. The University
of Paris was a scl1oo1 of theology con-
ducted for the training of the clergy.
At that early date there was no
sligw st th()ught of educati ng the
Common man, He grew up amid the
humble tasks of his ordinary life with
onl\" SJ,h traiDing as his parents or
his 'm1;ter could provide. for
the can,roon came much later,
when Ute Reformati on taught the dig-
nity of the indiridual and the need of
r elig
i
,kno-w;Jedge for every man.
B t tho' camm ;;chool was never like
u . .
the hight' r ID purpose or 111 or-
ganiZ3-ti
iln
.
The t\\"O PlIljl(!ses of professional
t . lillil of the aristocrat and gen-
ran .. f
e I tralDmg or the common
ra 1"-'"'" E
child ,1) ; ta WI:U ID urope into two
d istill( hool In Germany,
'" I'"" and E and, and in the
"ral <' .
;tate- there IS to-day a school
for t I: people and another
for t aTlS w-acy. The school fr r
the ,: is unlimited. It leads
t o al : hi r OPPOrtunities. The
Scho( the common people is a
hort boOl 2Dd stands absolutely
apart. ,: actn:
it
tbe upper
It I, Its course of
stud;. &)\\1 In Its equipment.
In England the absol ute duality of thl
system has been broken in a measure
by a series of examinations. The
bright pupil may transfer from the
lower school to the higher provided he
can pass an examination. The duali
ty of the system is frankly acknowl
edged, but it is amended by this
modern device.
In America we began as they did in
Europe with two distinct branche, of
the chool system. There was on the
one side the college with its prepara
t() ry Latin school. On the other side
was the district school which at fi rst
taught chiefly reading and that with
a view to preparing the pupil .to
read the Scriptures. It is a long
. 'd",
tory from that early day of a di\1
. to the
school system in the colo
mes
present. A part of the explanation of
the change to our present syste!ll I,
I
ttl fron
to be found in the fact that I e
tier settlements were forced to hell
. <!IIa
democratic because of their " h
. f all t -
numbers. The education 0
. IDa,te
r
children was entrusted to one . f
. d ot a,'
because the communIty coul n
ford more. "
I
ti' n I,
A second part of the exp ana d
. aea e
to be found in the .
. . t ' t t' 'hlch f!ou
Tl

-a UnIque InS I U JOn " turf
ed in the early part of the last een
lind was one of the sources of our P . ,
d
r ", .
SPlit high school. The aea.
a village school or a boardIng in!
which carried pupils on from the p<'ped.
where the district school it'
The academy was oft1)n I
standards, but it was amblljOU .. "'r'
the ,.
took the boys and girls from thet:l
rounding country and taught bin"
every possible subject. The eO
ID
d
the
lion of the district school "i'
. tn ".
academy brought into beJDg .,.
ti
oaI5\'
country a new type of eduea. o. The
tern. It provided
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
331
clea\'age in the European systems was
overcome at one stroke, and demo-
cracy found a way of giving to all the
children a common type of education
with a common opportunity to extend
this education upward without limit.
All this history is written in detail
for the student of the problem who
wishes to go into the past. Our prob-
lem i with the preent. That we have
encountered obstacles in attempting
to carry out the democratic theory of
a continuous chool system is hardly
to be wondered at. The fact is that we
have in this matter been trying one
of the most radical experiments of de-
mocracy. It is now our duty to push
this experiment fonvard with new
energy because we have not in the past
entirely succeeded. We have not pro-
vided an uninterrupted road for every
boy and girl. In addition to the econ-
omic pressure which takes pupils out
of our schools, there are internal ob-
stac.1es which interrupt the education-
al programme. Our educational sys-
is in form continuous; it is in re-
ahty disjointed and broken. The
elementary school is in fact separate
the high school. The high school
IS separate from the college. The
professional school does not know
where to attach itself. The normal
school is wholly separate. In theory
we pro\'ide continuity; in practice we
have achieved only a partially open
The pupil finds himself collid-
Ing again and again with barriers.
The most serious objection to our
present partial continuity is tbat stu-
dents waste an enormous amount of
r
Ime and energy getting m-er the
breaks in our system. In general
there is a halting at each point of con-
nection. Perhap ' the mo t striking
example of this is to be found in the
fact that the ordinary seventh and
eighth grades mark time by long and
tedious reviews which theoretically
prepare for high school, but in reality
indicate a traditional reluctance to let
the common boy and girl into the
privilege of a higher education.
Even before the war there was a
growing restlessness because of this
waste of energy and time. There was
a widespread demand that we reor-
ganize in the interests of economy in
time and in the energy of the pupils.
The war has surely intensified the
restlessness and brought to clear ex-
pressi ' n the demand for an education-
al system which shall not be distin-
guished for its lack of co-ordination.
The direction in which we were
moving before the war was towards
the abandonment of the eight-year
elementary school and the establish-
ment of a six-year school. The high
school was in process of expansion at
both end, absorbing the upper years
of the elementary school under the
designation "junior high school" and
reaching up into the college through
the so-called "junior college." The ex-
panded high school, conceived in its
most complete form. aims to effect a
substantial economy in the student's
time by bringing him to the end of
what is noW the sophomore year of
college in one or two years less than
is at present required. This arrange-
ment also provides for specialization.
There i. specialization at the lower
le\'el within the secondary school it-
self through which pupil' going into
trades or commercial pursuit can se-
cure training for their calling,. and
there is specialization of a higher
order leading to the profe:,;ion,; and
ad\'anced :.;tudY
The motiw:; for rapid and econom-
ical education ha\'e been Yery strong
in recent months and have been re-
332
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
sponded to by so large a number of
people that the effect on social ideals
is not likely soon to be lost. War has
taught us thrift in many ways. Thrift
in conserving time is one of the new
results of the national crisis. The
movement to eliminate the two waste-
ful years which constitute the seventh
and eigth grades of our public schools
was strong, but it is now stronger.
The movement to make college really
worth the time spent was under way,
but it is now so strong that nothing
can check it.
It is safe to say that ou I' schools
will from this time on be more nearly
continuous and more compact in or-
ganization. They will also, like all our
institutions, be nationalized. In this
country, we have through all our his-
tory maintained community schools,
not national schools. Even the con-
trol of the States over local schools has
been weak and for the most part inef-
fective. Here again our history fur-
nishes the explanation. The settlers
of New England controlled everything
in their town meeting and so also they
controlled their schools. Indeed, the
people of the United States haw been
so jealous of their children that long
after they surrendered to central offi-
cials the police protection of their
homes and the authority to provide
water and the supervision of trans-
portation, they held to the right of dis-
trict control of schools. Separate
districts persist today in all rural
sections. Special boundaries of cities
for purposes of school control are
also common.
This demand for local control of
schools prevented the insertion into
our national Constitution of any pro-
vision for a national school system.
The northern and the southern states
had entirely different modes of deal-
ing with their children, and they had
entirely divergent ideals. The con-
stitutional convention made no effort
to reconcile these.
It would be easy to show that local
control of schools has operated in
many ways to promote the ends of
democracy. American schools have
been more genuinely the products of
popular supervision than ha\'e tbe
schools of any other country. The
community, too, has profited by its
contact with educational problems be-
cause it bas been necessary for the
individual voter to know at least a
little about education and to express
his judgments from time to time on
some of the questions which are con-
stantly arising. Unfortunately, it is
no less easy to show that local control
has exposed American schools to e\'err
form of mismanagement. The Board
of Education of the average city in
the country today is a sad example of
the struggles of democracy with It-
self. This board, operating
adequate state or national
sion has been the tool of local politics
and 'the embodiment of narrow, pettr
prejudices. The frequent reorganiza-
tions in our systems due to waves of
popular approval or disappro\'al shoW
how unstable is management of the
type which we have cultivated. .
It is hard to believe tbat noW thiS
th a
war is over we shall be content wi
h
h is a
national school system w IC rd
loose aggregation of atoms. It is ha h
to believe that we shall tolerate t e
mismanagement of our schools for
purpose of preserving purely. loe:
f
autonomy. Already the diSCUSSion .
t
n is
a national department of educa 10 .
under way. Curiously enough.
discussion was first taken up \\'l n
vigor by the colleges. They have
learning in recent years that their
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL 333
po ition in the educational system is
weak. The universities from above
and the high school from below are in-
vading their fields of operation. With
our entry into the war and the inevi-
table disturbance of conditions affect-
ing student registration, the situation
for the colleges grew even more seri-
ous. It was the American Associa-
tion of Colleges which took the first
and most active steps towards a na-
tional emergency council of education.
Since the early days of the Emer-
gency Council, matters have moved
rapidly. The colleges and universities
have found an opportunity for nation-
al service in the training of soldiers.
Jlany of them have been sa\'ed from
bankruptcy by the Students' Army
Training Corps. All have found them-
selves systematically superdsed and
organized under a department which
did not debate with them at all in
matters of curriculum or hours or
forms of discipline. The lesson in
nationalization of higher education is
not likely to be lost.
. ince the colleges began the cam-
paIgn for a federal department of
education, the National Education As-
SOCiation has taken it up and a bill is
SOOn to be introduced in the Senate
such a department. This is
a longer a war measure' it is part of
the. general movement towards the
natIonalization of all our institutions.
Tendencies towards centralization
":ere appearing before this rush to-
ards nationalization began There
;'"e been discussions for years
h a national uni\'ersitv and there
aVe b -
d een moves to set up a national
epartment. These were the natural
8etQUtels of a mo\'ement \dthin the
a es to t
sch I se up state control of
as.
OO
s. Gradually the States ha\'e
,umed control of the licensing of
teachers, the inspection of physical
equipment, and the organization of the
course of study. Communities have
learned by experience that all these
matters are better managed when
they are managed in the large. The
logic of experience is clear. Our
States now ought to be brought to-
gether.
Indeed, without the enthusiasm for
nationalism which came with the war,
our federal government took three
years ago a long stride towards na-
tional control of education. It made
generous appropriation to the support
of industrial education and created
a federal board to manage this inter-
est. Can it be expected that the
country will allow its interest in read-
ing and science and professional edu-
cation to remain long behind its inter-
est in industrial education?
There is no need of anxiety on the
part of local communities lest federal
organization of education mean in
America what it has often meant in
Europe. a domination of education in
the interest of aristocracy. Central
organization which grows out of the
\'oluntan' co-operation of communi-
ties will be arbitrary. What we
ha\'e learned in our long experience is
that a careful scientific study of the
results of education is the only safe
guide. Up to this time. the ,,:ork of
our national Bureau of EducatIon ha
been to create a system of report'
which is the em'y of school people in
eYerv cidlized nation; and out of our
long'struggl
e
with local problems has
grown a to study educa-
tional problemg by the methods of
science. The national department
when it comes will find a method at
hand of building up American educa-
tion through systematic objecti\'e
studies rather than through arbitrary
domination.
334
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
That the war will accelerate the re-
organization of the educational sys-
tem so as to make it really continuous
and economical may be doubted by
those who are opposed to that pro-
gramme. That the war will bring us
a federal department of education
those may doubt who will. There is no
one who will doubt that the war will
change the course of study in all
grades of schools. It has done so al-
ready. The statement of these changes
can be put in a form which will arouse
the partisans of this or that subject.
The facts about the falling off in this
class and the increase in that might
be enumerated. Such statements
would help very little the clear under-
standing of the situation. Of course,
there are deviations from the prac-
tices of peace in times of war. But
these deviations are only symptoms.
Some are temporary. Some may be
permanent. We shall have to analyze
the experience to find out.
Back of all symptoms and constitut-
ing a lesson so profound that it can
never be forgotten, is the fact that we
have not been training pupils in the
American schools for life in the na-
tion. We have taught about other
times and other civilizations. We have
studied theoretical problems and rev-
elled in the remote discoveries of
science. But the chilization which
makes our schools, the industries that
support our life, and the common
daily problems of our communities
haw been o\erlooked. We have never
thought of adequately expounding the
meaning of the fact that this country
produces food for half the world. We
have ne\'er taught those who have
come from Europe to hare Our life
,
to appreciate the contrast between
our cu toms and they have left
behind.
So careless have we been of this
lesson in the homely affairs of our
own housekeeping that suddenly we
find ourselves confronted by the ne
cessity of dealing with a new prob-
lem, the problem of teaching a conti
nent full of people the significance of
our democracy. The solution of our
problem is no simple introduction of
a few new subjects into the course of
study. We must, indeed, make room
for a study of community life. There
are descriptions of industry which
will be enormously more helpful to
our young people than the inane read-
ing selections with which we have too
often been content. There are themes
on everyday matters of the business
world which are worth substituting
for some of the so-called literary
themes of the past. But this is not
enough.
We must see to it that our nation
is aroused to the necessity of a funda-
mental understanding of itself. In
every state there are great numbers
of our chi ldren who are being taugbt
in a foreign tongue. In the
west, the schools are conducted
Spanish. In the north central an
western States the schools are taugbt
, We
in e\'ery language of Europe. "'e
have been tolerant of all this. "
have said to ourselves that it is part
of our democracy. But it is not
of democracy. It is the importatIon
of European customs and
into our midst. It is the harbormg
of a plague as harmful as
The schools which teach in foreIgn
tongue are some of them
schools. Others are private parochIal
schools, which are, in many instances,
ill supervised, meagre in equipmenl
without adequately trained teachers,
and conducted on foreign models,
There is no other civilized nation
which i so loose in its supervision
of schools.
'n
Xor i the foreign language I
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
335
which many of our sehools are con-
ducted the only threat to our demo-
cracy. Heretofore our curriculum in
public schools has done little or noth-
ing to prepare people for their places
in the world or to make them con-
tented with their lot. The masses have
a duty to perform which they do not
fail to understand; it is the duty of
carrying society's heavy industrial
burdens. They have been asking in
somewhat vague terms in the past for
a share in the world's better things.
For their children they have sought
emancipation from the life that has
been theirs. Why should this not be
form of their plea since our educa-
hon has always trained pupils away
from industry?
TO-day we face a difficult and com-
plex problem. In some fashion or
we shall have to train people for
IndUstry. It begins to look as if there
Would be' Ittl
f
Iery I e encouragement
rom E f
d urope or any system of in-
ustrial education which tries to keep
one class d
t
. un er. It looks at the same
nne as if ' h .
the . we s ould haye to give up
ed
I
Practice of importing all our skill-
abor I h t .
th
t
. n s or , It seems probable
a we h II
. s a have to put our best
Wits to th
Ii e problem of evolving a na-
onal schem f' .
which . e 0 vocational educatiOn
Le IS truly democratic.
Rn. n til no one who is immersed in the
. ",a ed "h'
thi Igher" things of life scorn
proSbtoblem. It is one of the new
not SOe
l
ms
of a democracv. If we do
I'e 't -
Un I . we shall proye ourselves
Worth t
ers of d 0 as ume the role of teach-
this t' emocracy to the world. Up to
lem we hal'e not solyed the prob-
""e' or shall we el'er solve it unless
set OUr I
a b se ves about the task with
roader
tional d :omprehension of our na-
up to than we have exhibited
this hour.
The solution of our educational
problem is likely to come through
some kind of differentiation of courses
in addition to continuity in courses.
Instead of giving pupils the same in-
struction whatever their prospective
fut ures, there must be wider opportu-
nities for each to follow his own bent.
There must be training for the trades-
man and for the professional man.
There must be a recognition of indi-
vidual differences far down in the
lower school . Differentiation of op-
portunity and continuity in education
are democratic ideals which are mu-
tually and powerfully supplementary
to each other.
The reorganization of the schools
and the reorganization of the material
of instruction need the strong guid-
ance of a federal deparhnent. There
is at the present time no energy ade-
quate to carry out reform. Volunteer
effort there is, but it is not sufficient in
volume nor can it be readily focused
where it is most needed. Take so obvi-
ous a problem as securing adequate
criticism of the text-books, which are
the most potent agencies of school or-
ganization in the United States.
present they are produced and diS-
tributed in all but three of the States
by private agencies. This might .be
forgiven if there were public agencies
which would collect and bring to bear
on them constructiYe criticism.
there is no such public agency. pub!lc
funds are fully absorbed in the
routine of conducting schools. CntI-
. . I ft to accidental control
Clsm IS e
through commercial competition or
purely personal initiative. What
country needs in education is what It
. . It re The De-
already has In agncu u .
partment of Agriculture does not
duct the farms of the nation, but It
336
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
studies and co-ordinates the farming
of the United States and it guides the
farmers in the direction of better and
more prod uctive methods.
the vigor with which the friends of
education devote themselves to the
campaign for improvement. There
must be discussion, agreement on the
changes which should be made, and
then united action for immediate reo
construction .
The rapidity with which these de-
sirable changes in American educa-
tion will be brought about depends on
..................................................... ......................... ........ .. ............................... ..
THE CYNIC
By HENRY WARD BEECHER
T
HE Cynic is one who never sees a good quality in
a man, and never fails to see a bad one. He is the
human owl, ,igilant in darkness and blind to
light, mousing for vermin, and never seeing noble game.
The Cynic puts all human actions into only two
classes- openly bad and secretly bad. All "iltue and
generosity, and disinterestedness are merely the appear-
ance of good, but selfish at the bottom. He holds that
no man does a good thing except for profit. The effect
of his conversation upon your feelings is to chill and
sear them; to send you away sour and morose.
A man will be what his most cherished feelings are.
If he encourage a noble generosity, e,ery feeling will be
enriched by it; if he nurse bitter and envenomed
thoughts, his own spirit will absorb the poison, and
he will crawl away among men as a burnished adder,
whose life is mischief. and whose errand is death.
He who hunts for flowers will find flowers; and he
who loves weeds may find weeds .
......................................................... .............. ........ .. .............................................
DISCIPLINE AND SELF-
DEVELOPMENT: II
By ELSIE E, NEWTON

are two nagging

, dames that flay us through
i life, Necessity and Desire;
, Necessity has the sharper
whip but Desire has the
longer arm, If a child were left en-
tirely to itself without ha\;ng any
training Whatsoever, these two forces
would of themselves give him charac-
ter of a sort, possibly good, possibly
bad E '
, xpenence keeps a dear school;
for a good many people there has been
other schoolmaster, The history
o the human race has been that of
lea '
rnmg through experience, But left
to natural forces entirely, the indivi-
dual wastes a great deal of time and
ener""', in exp' t' ' t
OJ enmen mg so socle y
ha d '
eveloped the school where all hu-
Inan knowledge has been collected
sort d '
e and arranged and all human ex-
lJenence has been analyzed for the use
with the hope that he can
gm hfe a little higher up on the lad-
than his ancestors and that he
WIll b '
b'lt e spared some of the inevitable
I ,erness of experience, This theo-
retIcal I'n t ti ' ,
S ruc on gIves him about
one-half f h'
th 0 IS preparation for life;
't other half must come b. putting
I Into practice,
I We have lately had a good chance to
t
earn
something of the product of
Wo \'ery different forms of go,ern-
Inent a t
the ' u ocracy and democracy, In
f
fonner, the governing is all done
rom th to '
th e P WIthout the consent of

governed, Under the latter
ose . '
abo go, erned have something to say
"'h ut how they shall be governed,
! eave
rage man in an aut{)cracy
need not do much thinking; in a
democracy he has to be thinki ng all
the time in order to make govern-
ment successful. If ever there was a
doubt as to the kind of citizen each
turned out, it has been set at rest dur-
ing the war, Democracy has many
faults, but autocracy did not produce
any better men and women and it ex-
hibited an astonishing lack of ideal-
ism and a notable lack of humanity,
\\' e can draw some analogies when
discussing school go\'ernment. There
are some advocates of the military
system, or of control merely by au-
thority and force, The easiest way to
govern is to put the girl or boy into
a box and sit on the lid; or as Dutton
says in his "School to
reduce e\'erything to a mechanism
which offers the least opportunity for
indi\'idual choice and initiath'e, There
is a wonderful machine used for can-
ning fruits and \'egetables by whole-
sale, It is so perfect that no human
hand need touch the product from
start to finish, When the cans ha\'e
been filled and sterilized, they travel
on a com'eyor to a rotating platform
where each has a cap neatly clapped
upon it and it then tra,'els off again
b another point where it is neatly
labelled-all ready for delh'ery, Can-
ned goods sen'e a worthy purpose, but
the school should not be an establish-
ment for the canning of human en-
dea\'or _ it output is li\'e, forceful,
indh'idual boys and girls, not merely
a standardized product, no matter how
neat the label. By all means organize
the school so that it will be as efficient
338
THE INDI AN SCHOOL JOURNAL
as possible, but, to reiterate much that
has been said on the subject, regard it
as a means to an end and not an end
in itself.
It is not an easy matter to arrange
institutional life to conform to indi-
vidual needs and temperments, or to
give free-play to t he characteristics of
each chil d, as in a family. But t here
can be modifications. A classification
of pupils accordi ng to character would
be highly desirable. Ability to do aca-
demic or industrial work is graded
but no similar attempt has been made
to grade a pupil's growth in purpose
and self-di r ection. The best that has
been attained is a mark for certain
character istics, or "behavior" or "de-
portment." These last relate to acts
without regar d to their origin-
whether t hey are imitative, according
to rule, or self-initiated. All em-
ployees classify in some degree, but
not with definiteness. A boy is either
good or bad, or the gi rl is "hard to get
along wi th." Each school has its
bright lights to which almost uncon-
sciously, favor is shown. and a bunch
of black sheep, from "hom little is
expected. Unfor tunately we have
many types in a single" hool, entirely
unsegregated.- t he normal, the re-
tarded and even t he defective. There
is always the chance that unless prop-
erly treated, either the retarded or the
defective child may drop into the in-
corrigible class. But eyen if they can-
not be segregated some sort of classi-
fication will be of value in diSCipline.
Physical condition would be the
first consideration in any classifica_
tion. Adolescence more ;han any other
period depends upon sound health for
normality, and the younger child must
be kept in condition for its appr oach.
Irregular conduct can o."ten be traced
to some physical cause which may be
removable. Adenoids, enlarged Ion
sils, defective teeth-anyone of Ihese
may prove an excuse for the retarded
pupil. No one nowadays whips a bo),
because he is slow at his lessons; be is
sent to the physician instead. At
one school, Annie B-- had been a
pupil for at least six years. She was
a half-orphan, wit h but a small degree
of Indian blood. Under her first rna
tron she had been considered an ex
cellent worker and reliable. When sh1
was about fifteen, another matron ar
ri "ed. She found in Annie no sucb
degree of dependability. She soon
gave her a reputation as a disturbing
element in the school which AnDIe
proceeded to demonstrate. Annie be-
came a skillful liar and her interest In
the other sex interfered with her les
sons. She became alternately dull
and highly nervous, subject to flares
Thi
was
of impudence and temper. 5
in all respects a case for t he doctor, as
she was probably suffering from
eclPI'
obscure physical disturbance PI' f
tated into unruliness by the lack.
0
proper understanding and handl:g
by the matron. She was subject to
hildre
n

same rules as the rest of the c tIl'.
as she broke them more frequen .
. d . nt froID
she was pUnIshed often an \\e ted
bad to worse. This is not an i.50
1a
bO
instance. Many a "difficult" chIld IV t
needs individual study and treat:n
en
. t I' "
IS becoming "bad" because I
hard in an institution not planned fOI
the pur pose to give the time to it. '1Ii
There is a danger also in groUpl ai
children as normal and not. no:d.'
in the same school. If a child tbe
that his acts are extenuated on .,
. I c3-<'
grounds of his being a spec
la
'deal
the effects are obvious. The I I'"
t pUP-
school would not only grade I S
according to self-control and Sf sc'
rection but would grade the rules
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
339
cordingly. Then the ambitious pupil
would have something to work for and
would be willing to deny himself a lit-
tle present mischief or exercise great-
er self-control in order to reach that
class where he would have more liber-
ty of action, with more self-responsi-
bilit). This is the principle of the
honor system which has been intro-
duced into some Indian Schools with
good results. The problems of gov-
ernment become different for dif-
ferent grades. The lowest would still
be controlled by authority or special
rules, as the case demands; while in
the highest class a whole set of actions
now dependent upon school rules
might well be left to the initiative of
the individual.
It must not be forgotten, however,
that the Indian is still not far from the
tribal state where leadership, the dic-
tates of the shaman the influence of
th '
e head of the clan and a deep under-
current of religi ous belief that had di-
rect bearmg upon acts of the indivi-
dual. preserved order and standards
of morality, wi thout much machinery
goYernment. Personal leadership
IS Powerful to this day. This is one
reason why the military system of
contr I .
o m Indian Schools has served
an excellent purpose. The officers are
the constituted authority for small
but they are also leaders in the
the rank and file. Because
military plan has sen'ed so well in
man\' wa .
YS, supenntendents are wary
of introd .
. ucmg any other. The school-
CI!\' b 'It
. UI upon the idea of a training
In practical citizenship and embod\'-
Ing the . .
h prmclpals of selfgo\ernment
. as not widely SUcceeded owing to this
len' f
vet' act. that the Indian has not
outgrown tribal concepts. It has
that:
n
demonstrated satisfactorily
e school-cit) can operate as the
only force for school control. Where
it has been persistently tried as at the
Tulalip SchoJl, it has proved to be a
splendid aid to discipline but it is
doubtful whether the entire burden of
discipline can be placed upon it.
Within the last few years a great
change has come over the pupil-body
of Indian schools. This is more
marked in the non-reservation schools
w here there is a noticeable increase of
alertness, mental and physical, gener-
al aptness and impressionability. In
outward appearance at least, the aver-
age pupil looks much more American
than ever before. How deep these
changes are, cannot be told. It is
reasonable to suppose that there is
some depth to them, and if so the time
has come when something more posi-
tive can be attempted in the way of
character building.
Unlike the public school or the Indi-
an day school where the children come
each day from families having a some
what differing set of ideals, the board-
ing school can practically create its
own atmosphere and set before the
pupils rather definitely a high stand-
ard of morality, and the attitude of
the pupils towards it is not easily af-
fected by outside influences. This
gh'es the boarding school an excellent
starting point for constructive discip-
line. But any school undertaking a
departure from the old accepted ways
of governing must make sure first of
all that all employees are intelligently
and interestedly lined up in support of
it. To place the burden upon one or
two only, is to predict failure or
slight success, The display of an optI-
mistic spirit toward reform of any
kind i the surest sign of progress, and
when all employees are enlisted in a.n
experiment for improvement, there IS
hope for the eXlleriment.
340
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
A plan that has been tried desulto-
rily is the formation of a cabinet of
employees whose duty it is to study
discipline. The matrons, the discip-
linarian and the principal would logi-
cally form such a cabinet. Problems
of each by discussion in the cabinet
may be cleared up; unity of action
secured; individual cases studied; sug-
gestions made and plans laid for the
f uture. The idea of discipline would
be slowly changed from that of mere
repression or punishment to a means
of prevention and a chance for devel-
opment. Too often the matron looks
upon her task as a series of roll-call,
inspection, reprimand, of counting
and sorting, of bathing and cleaning
and other mechanical performances.
In a council or cabinet that sets its
mind to reasoning about the pupils
themselves, how they are progressing
in elf-control and what measures can
be taken to help them further, she
will be more likely to get the relation
of her work to that of the school and
see it in its true importance. In other
words the educational point of view
and not the mere mechanics of the
school administration, would be em-
phasized by such a plan.
The substitution of the positive idea
for the negative, the "I will" for
the "You must" should take place in
the employee's mind first of all. Half
the time a child w' come up to ex-
pectations withou ing, threat or
promise of because
certain thing are expected of him.
Be "perfectly sure" that John Jones
is going to run away some day and he
does. This was not entirely because it
is expected of him; but the mind that
drops into the state of a negative ex-
pectation, never exerts itself to find
any preventive for the catastrophe.
The employee corps must provide the
atmosphere, the stimulus and the ap-
probation for pupils not only in aca-
demic and industrial endea\'or but in
moral effort.
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
341
LEITERS FROM OUR BOYS I THE
if !Ii !Ii ARMY AND NAVY !Ii !Ii !Ii
Mr. B. S. Rader,
Chilocco, Oklahoma,
Dear Friend:
A. E. F. Siberia
Jan. 11, 1919.
Am writing a few lines to let you know
I am well, as usual. Hope Chilocco is having
a healthful year.
How is everything at Chilocco these days?
Wish I was back in school right today, but
my school days are over I suppose. Have
often "ished I had stayed in scbool longer.
I left home (at Tulsa, Oklahoma) on
September 15, 1917, going to Colorado to a
rerruiting camp. I stayed there two months
and was then sent to Island, Cali-
fornia; just across from San Francisco.
On Derember 5, 1917, I was transported to
Honolulu. Hawaiian Islands. From there we
sailed to the Philippine Islands, landing in
the PhT .
ttppmes on January 6, 1918. We
stayed six months. I have !:een in Cbina
also. I am now in Siberia. Landed here in
August, 191 . Have had a hard time, some-
times hiking day and night, but now tbat the
war is over we are not having quite such
hard times as we did. It looks as though I
am going to pull through notwithstanding
the many dangers, but when our ship returns
many who started with us will be forever
absent.
As it is time to get ready for chow I must
close, wishing only good for you and family.
Answer soon.
WADDlE TAIlLADEGE.
--
829 Aero Squadron,
U. S. Army Air Semce,
A. E.F.
THE INDIAN SCHOOL
U. S. Indian Agricultural School,
Chilocco, Oklahoma.
Gentlemen:
I enclose here"ith $1.00 for which please
mail me the JOl'RNAL for one year.
Since crossinj( the big pond I have come to
the condusion that there is no other land or
j(o\'ernrrent like that of the U. S. One does
not always realize this until he sees other
lands.
Hope [ will see good old America soon.
rer), respectfully,
F. W. MAHONE.
THREE VICTORS
Walter li': . Jacob (&lJpd to give QD the u.aJDe
(If h' . ey, (ngbl) . Jamb Leader I caller ) , fonnet'atudenl" at Cbikao-
on 1M left..
342
THE I N' DIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
Co. E, 314th AmmU)11ition Train,
A. :E. F.,
F ebru,;>ry 12, 1919.
)[y dear Chilocco :
Almost every numher of the .JOURNAL has
reached me and I have r ending earh
one. I also receive the Native American,
Chemawa American and t he Ind ian Lead2r.
I am sure ea one of these papers plays a
very importaD part amon_ us who receive
them owr h reo and the otller soldiers read
them and all of them s ay they sure do
\\;sh they had:be chance f these boys and
<tirls in th, dlools. So I am glad to sal'
they mlllt be - e best sehaels of their kind
in the Lnittd 5-ates.
Xow I wi [ try and tell something of ",hat
I saw in r short time over here. I
have only been 01' here si:x months. I be-
long in the 89th Division and this Din';"
was in actual service, during the month of
Septemter, 1918, up to the time the arml
stice was signed. There was a drive which
was called SI. Mehiel drive which presum-
a',ly you heard This was a Germ ..
stronghold for approximately three yea"
and t hey certainly must have been busy for
t he country for miles is a network of
trenches, wire entanglements and dugtlul,
Shell holes are innumerable. The villagtl
whi ch were under shell fire are toWly
wrecked and only a part of the buildinp
were left standing.
We saw a great many aeroplane battJe,.
and often saw a machine hought down. I.
is a very exciti ng event to watch them fight
One night in October last we were tD
deliver ammunition to our artillery and as
we reached our destination, which was very
close to the battle front, "Fritz" interrupted
us by throwi ng a terri fi c barrage o,'er on us.
A shell came screaming through the air
about every second and as it hit the ground
it exploded wi th a deafening roar and it
no pleasant sensation to hear one cOIDlnl!'
and wonder how near it would come to you.
Several shells fell wi thin ten feet of me and
the concussion from the explosion would
almost take me off my feel. But luck was
constantly with me for outside of being Jut
b 'eces 0
1
Y a few clods of dirt and small pI ;
rocks, I did not get a scratch. As a result 0
this barrage we lost nineteen horses. e
of the men were gassed and four of our men
were hit by shIapnel, but we were reI')'
lucky at that we never lost a mao. ErerY
one of them with the company again.
The 89th Divisio" was at the front about
three months. After t he armistice ,..,
signed every t hing was quiel. We left the
front lines November 29th headed for Ger
, La aine.
many. We went through Alsace- rr
B I
. ...n-
e glum and Luxembourg. These are .
good looking countries. re
Since the A rmistice was signed \l'e ha
plenty of time to sleep. But permit me to;
that that signature to the Ar!lll
rrade by Germany, we could not sleep ;;
\\'ell, o";ng to the threatening bomb
ments. We live in dugouts which we rs;
fully const ructed and we always try to !II t
ourselves believe we are safe. It waS
to me to see the baltles in the air. These ...
the wonders to me. "Fritz"
persISted In shooting us about twO 0 d
.
10 the morning, using some shrapne
THE INDI AN SCHOOL JOURNAL
343
sometimes gas shell d h h .
, s an 19 explosive
,hells through the day. We were in such a
dilemma for awhile. I wonder if people at
home understand our achievements. Before
over here I did not know what a shell
ed hke, and I suppose such is the case
.,th many of our friends at home.

are three Indians in our company

t elr nam J '
M es are ames Henry and Paul Tall
andan. They are from Rosebud S D We
are now' G J
h th In ermany and we do not know
en e 89th D . . .
IVI810n will return to Ameri
co. There . . -
time d are many tidings to tell, but as
1 oes not all ow me to write any longer
now conclude. Hope that all of you
ery one m the "good old USA"
'RIll ap . . . .
1
h
Pflclate the value of our work
av bee .
now. e n company tailor for some time
r am your friend ,
WILLIAM BAKER.
Yarch 28, 1919.
D.ar
ISS Wallace
Again I write t .
As YOU kn a you from another place.
ow I am co' I
ground I vermg a at of German
42nd . up along the Rhine now in the
or ambo D
where I f W IVlslon's area. This is
ound Vd
Domingu I al Zuniga and Edward
and we hand certainly glad to see them
Our sh e. havmg a good old time now.
ow as been h .
night. We. ere smce last Monday
" .. k and :;:11 show here the rest of the
.... k a th pe. a good rest the following
e flnc . h
and she ess, IS alf sick just now
wants to t
COld. res and get over her bad
The). say thi ...
of -mba ka. s dl'1slOn will start for port
w .. k 50r about the latter part of next
..... l" B yare going to be home "toot
. ut the 90th D . .
to be h 1\'51On is coming-
lliU try l<I m:,e the later part of May and
If there is su e It there by Commencement
You11 see ZU
Ch
a thing as "luck." :';0 doubt
Our high mga and Edward pretty soon.
o est 81m no .
O"'ng aroun . W 15 to get through
Th.
re
are a / thIS area and go to Paris.
loll You thO ew around there I think. I
IS show b .
-eJet than usmess is a whole lot
alld COld. squads east and west in mud
Will try
th and
triPs. Wflte again and tell you of
Yours Sincerely
B '
AND SeT. CILUlLES WESLEY
358th I nf. Band, A. E. F. '
Dear Wallace :
Lisbon, Portugal,
April I, 1919.
No doubt by the time this hurriedly writ-
ten letter reaches you I'll be in a combat with
a Bolsheviki-we are going to Archangel
RUSSia, to protect American interests up
there and to help save the allies stores which
the Bolsheviki are aiming to get, this bar-
larous class of people, so I understand are
practicaly the cause of the stand still in the
Peaze Conference and we are hoping the
Conference may continue soon.
We've been in this port (Lisbon) for a
week and have put two new three-pound
guns on and five machine guns including a
gun also for each man to use on landing.
Some real action is anticipated but our real
job is getting there for it is about 2800 miles
from here and we have to make it up the
rhTer while it is melted and if we should
happen to get while up there-well
it would mean we would have a long stay
with the Bolsheviki.
We leave here in the morning for Brest,
France, (where we carne from a week ag-o).
From Brest to Plymouth to get fitted or
supplied with the necessary clothes, on to
Inverness, Scotland, and from there on to
Archangel. Yolunteers were called for on
this (Clark's) expedition but being a regular
navy man, if 1 had not volunteered I would
have been compelled and rather than
dragged that way I was "illin!! to respond
to Uncle Sam's calling once again and am
"ish fully hoping that it "ill not be necessary
for me to show my patriotic spirit any more
until I have seen the soil which I am repre-
senting, once again, then \\;th renewed
courage [ would be more "illing to face the
troubles of the sea which are numerous. on
such a small craft.
)1), fond hopes of being at Chilocco for
Commencement have vanished and a
gloomy, hazy destination is before me.
Do you receh"e all my letters? I've written
several.
Today is April fool. It b night. and it
seems as though I can see the dignified party
in the Gym thernsehes with their
many different costumes.
I shall write at every port and cable ,
time to reach there by Commencement.
Your friend.
GEORGE ROACH.
U.S.S.C.
344
THE I NDIAN SCHOOL JOUR AL
NLSOS TJ;OTTlSGWOU'
A former o;tudent who saw in France.
Germany,
)Iarch 15, 1919.
Dear )Iiss Wallace:
Am in the city of Treves, Germany, on the
Moselle River, a pretty good sized town
something like Wichita, Kansas. This is
Headquarters of 32d Army. We are show-
ing here now. We came here last Wednesday
and will be here the rest of the week. They
have one hall here that is very good and we
pl ay there two nightS. This hall is about the
s'ze of Liberty Han in Oklahoma City. The
first night we were here we certainly had a
good house. They teU us everywhere we go
we have the hest shOw in the A. E. F. Every
thing we have is ongmal, especially the
Indian scene. It sure takes weU. The latter
part of next week we are going to Coblenz
where the Eastern States Di\;sions are, and
show to them the rea) western states life.
We showed to an Evacuation hospital last
night and to my surprise I ran on to David
Mills and we had quite a chat and he is
coming up to town tonight and see Our show
again. While at llerncastel I saw Richard
Boynton. I didn't to talk to him as I was
10 the truck leav,tg the town and he was
walking up the st .... t so was unable to talk
to him, and at Wittlich I ran onto Falerio
Tafoya and he said he was getting aJoac
fine, only anxious to get back to U. S. A-
I saw John R. Roubideaux at Lisseudorf,
the other night and after the show ... had
a bsket ball game and I played against hi ..
This show life certainly beats the oqud
right and left, and rai lroad guard datifs
all to pieces.
I am afraid I wont be able to make it bact
in time for Commencement this year, II I
heard recently that the 89th Division ffOlll
Camp Funston are to sai l the latter part 01
May, and the 90th Divsion is to sail d::
the first part of June. That's what Ge
Pershing told the Y. M. C. A. women yester.
day. He was here yesterday but I
to see him. I didn't care so much to see hia
I didn't get to see him while the war "II ...
ing on, so it doesn't matter much noW.
Tell the rest I am getting along fine pd
am an actor instead of a doughboy.
I close with best "ishes.
Sincerely yours,
BAND SGT. CHARLES wrssr,
358th Inf. Band, A. E. F.
Notes on Educational Progress
CURREl\T PRES
THE FIELD
Vocational Salesmanship
Girls wishing employment in the retail
stores of Toledo, in the future, must have
had a COuse in vocational salesmanship and
stenography or the art of the business office.
Mrs. Lucinda Prince, head of the vocation-
al education work for the Xational Retail
Dry Goods association of New York, so sum-
marized the future for retail stores in an
address at a banquet of the Retail lIIer-
chants' Board Friday night, at Lasalle &
Kochs' dining rooms.
The work of vocational sruesmanship, as
taught in Toledo high schools, through the
co-operation of merchants, in giving girls
an opportunity to practice and not theorize,
received her commendation.-Toledo (Ohio)
Blnde.
Big Suing Effected in Trt.iniog.
Approximately $25,000.000 has been saved
to the government through the adoption of
the policy of placing disabled soldiers and
ailors in existing educational institutions
for retraining, the Federal Board for voca-
tional education estimated. This sum, the
board announced, would haye been the cost
of pro\;ding new institutions for the edu-
cation of the men so that they might return
to profitable employment.
The leading colleges and universities of
the country, including Harvard Yale and
COlumbia and the various land colleges
are included among the institutions to which
the disabled men will he sene than 500
courses are open to the men.-Whetling
(W Va.) NeIC .
Tbe Elk Iud the dier.
The contribution of $150,000 bv the Elks'
War r
re lef commission for the vocational
training f di b . .
o sa led soldiers 15 a most
praiseworthy act. It is in line v.,th the
patriotic ' . .
I
SPlnt whIch the Elks are never
s Ow to show.
l Fifty tbousand dollars of the fund ,,;U go
the maintenance of disabled men while
er are learning trades, the sums advanced
to be returned by them, and to be used
continuously in this manner.
Another fifty thousand will be u,ed by the
federal hoard in extension of its training
work to men who do not come under the
present ruling of disability of a nature that
entitles them to compensation or training at
government expense.
The remaining fifty thousand is to be used
in advertising among the returning soldiers
the opportunity that is afforded them by the
Elks' contribution.-DetrQit (Mich.) Jollr-
!WI.
Pitt for Ufgirnics Educ.tion 10 OnRomr
Delinquency.
Irresponsibility of parents and lack of
vocational training were given as the cause
of what is declared to be the present increas-
ing delinquency and immorality, at yester-
day afternoon's sessions of the 12th annual
conference of the Pacific Coast Rescue and
Protective society held in the First .Meth-
odist church.
"The greater number of delinquent
children come from homes having no ideals
or difinite ambitions," said lIiss Janet
Pendegast, field worker for Oregon speaking
on the need of vocational guidance and tra1D-
jog.
U\' ocational guidance nced not be. at great
expense. Housewives cannot maIds
today and it would require but little instruc-
tion to teach girls how to lay a table
how skillfully to make a bed. WIth thIS
training so many of our girls could a
respectable livelihood and beco
d
ulme
\\lith homes of refinement an c ture. .
Declaring parents should be pUnished
'nstead of delinquent children. Dr. George
Sheafe. former superintendent of the
Washington boy's training school at Che-
halis, said: eli'
"The average child h" r
training in Sunday school. his mental traln-
jog in school and his fun on the streets. Our
h

are too nicely fnrnished for
ouses J th
our boys-<lr even our glrls-to play ID em.
Parents today are too to do else
than clothe and feed their chlldren.-Port-
la,uI (Ore.) Oregonian.
346
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
Will Establish Vocational Guidance.
The establishment of a vocational guid-
ance committee for tl:e girls' clubs of the
Women's Christian association was discuss-
ed this morning at a meeting at the Berke-
ley club. Mrs. A. R. Jewett, chairman of the
social committee, presided. The plans were
presented by Mrs. Florence Sandberg, so-
cial secretary of the girls' club of the Y. W.
C. A. She spoke on the needs of vocational
guidance for the 600 girls, who are in tbe
clubs, whose activities are often directed
into unsuitable channels. Many of the girls,
wishing to change their occupations, also
need experienced advice. The plans of the
committee will be to bring vocational experts
to Minneapolis for personal conferences with
the committe and the girls under the
directon of the iuuior board, of which >Irs.
Raymond Woodward is chairman. Mrs.
Jewett will appoint a cOILmittee for this
special work.-Jlinneapo!is (Minn.) Journal.
Courses now being arranged will include
foreign trade, transportation, foreign
change, commercial French and commerCIal
Spanish. All the courses will follow the
outline suggested by the federal board for
vocational training. Dean D. W. Morton of
the University of Oregon discussed these
matters with the authorities in Washington
while in the East in January.-PortlaJlll
(Ore.) Journal.
Vocational Board Submits Reports.
The Federal Board for Vocational Edu-
cation reports that on March 1 registrations
of disabled soldiers for training and place-
ment, or both, totaled 39,669. Of these, the
board states, it has established a working
contact with 25,223 cases and 2,948 have
been placed in employment.
Figures showing the average daily activi-
ties of the board follows: Recommended
for training, 83 cases; notices for men placed
in training, 25; claims filed for compensa-
tion, as shown by notices received from the
bureau of war risk insurance, 771; letters
from disabled men and interested organi-
zations 175; applications for compensation,
for disabled men filed by the board with the
bureau of war risk insurance, 150; notices
of discharge of disabled men from the liar
Department to the board, 80. - Guthrie
(Okla.) Leader.
t:ni\'ersit)- 01 Oregon to OUer Course in
Vocational Training.
Training Would Save Bad Girls.
"I believe that hundreds of girls who
go wrong every year could be saved through
vocational education," declared Mrs_ Eliza-
Ceth N. Hundley, superintendent of the
Girls' Detention home at Fort Sill, tbis
morning. Mrs. Hundley came to Oklahoma
City with Deputy United States Marshal
Miller, bringing ,vith them nineteen girls
from the homes who ,vill answer to charges
of prostitution in the federal court.
Of approximately 170 girls who have heen
in the home for various periods and have
teen treated for venereal diseases, there bas
not been a death nor any escaped, according
to Mrs. Hundley. to
"Many of the girls do LOt know hoW
cook nor sew and we are givng them a cour:se
in domestic science," she declared. uWhile
the girls are being detained at the home
treatment, we are dieting them and gtVlng"
them physical training. I have had
than a dozen of them out on long hikes an
have never had one attempt to escape."-
Oklahoma City (Okla.) Times.
wth
Revolutionary Changes to Keep Pace I
World Progress.
The new education that is already on its
way to keep pace ,vith new world ideas,
t may
particularly the new education as I
come to was the subject of re-
ports Minneapolis educators who bave beeD
. al con-
attending recent national education ,_.
hi
oouy
ferences made to the general teac n
g
. al
Under the directions of the federal board
for vocational training, the school of com-
merce of the University of Oregon will offer
a new semester of commercial studies for
a 16-week period to students in Portland
who wish to take advantage of this offer.
Study rooms will be maintained in the insti-
tute of Banking rooms in the Oregon
building.
at a meeting called by the Education
Council at II est High School last night. 1
Rapid and radical changes in wh.'::
attitude of vocational educatio
nali
f
h
0
changes that have "brought the s IP
vocational education past the rocks and
whirlpool and safely on to the high seas t
were sketched by John N. Gree:, asslstaDof
supenntendent in charge of thIS phase
school work.
"Advocates of industrial education were
..
THE INDIA SCHOOL JOURNAL
347
urged to insist that the wacher ought first of
all to be a shop man, and that the aim of an
industrial school should be a remarkahle pro-
duct/' Mr. Greer said.
"They brought the factory idea and
method into the school But now they have
come over to sa}ing that the boy, not the
product, must be first, and that the teacher
mud be first of all a teacher, not first a
shop workman. The boy is in the vocational
school to be educated, not to become a
machine."-.l/inneapolis (Minn.) Tribune.
Coll egt Women Said to be Turning Away
from Teaching.
College women are becoming more inter-
in vocational training, and are looking
Into other lines of work besides school teach-
ing, says Miss Oolooah Burner national
y ,
. W. C. A. secretary for colleges, who is
here today to address the Y. W. C. A. Stu-
dent Committ.ee of the South Central Field,
1121 Syndicate Trust Building.
th
The
Y: W. C. A. in colleges is encouraging
IS attItude, Miss Burner said. Twelve
phamphlets descrihi ng vocations open to
women and the Opponunities they offered
have I:
oon prepared and will he off the press
shortly. They \\ill be distributed among
college women before the present term ex-
pIres. Among the vocations described are
teaching, medicine, law, social wel-
fare work . I
. ' '0 untary and employed church
sen'ce and work among women and girls
employed in industries.
Burner said the Y. W. C. A. student
""h retaries Were dC\'oting much attention to
t e (Jrga' t'
to . mza Ion of groups of college women
traIn them to do constructive thinking on
cUrrent s . I .
I
<>CIa, economic and religious prob-
emS-St L .
. . Ollis (Mo.) Post Dispatch.
W" POI So.llnlo School, li. E. A. Told.
"Th' .
I! IS "ar has put a soul into education.
'nceforth ou b' . "d
O
. r am Inao as a natlOnwI e
I'ltantzaf .
of' d Ion WIll be not to develop a race
In ustrial
edncali peasants, based on a system of
p . on patterned after the barbarous
russlan sch .
to k - erne of soulless effiCIency. But
In a nation of true American citizens.
er to accomplish tlris emphasis "ill be
turai t:.n compulsory education in the cul-
litera IDJ!S, such a science, art, music and
and tur
e
,. well as locationai training,
on Cllize h'
Bettie 'I ns IP, American ideals and
e.
In these words Dr. George D. Strayer of
New York, president of the national Edu-
cation association and internationally known
educational authority, summed up the effect
of the war on education. He announced a
"never say die" fight on child labor, support
of the most advanced program calling for
compulsory education of all children up to
18 years of age, and for all those over 16
years of age in industrial employment to
have daylight hours Cor instruction while on
employers' pay. He spake of the boycott on
German unhoersities which has taken a grip
on American students, and the growth of
the movement for exchange in scholarships
tetwoon America and England and France.
-Chicago (III.) Tribu.e.
Land "Farm Couru for Soldiers.
Inquiries continue to pour into the office:;
of the Federal Board for Vocational Educa-
tion relative to the "farm mechanics" course
evolved as a brand new occupation for dis
abled men of the army, navy and marine
corps who are so badly disabled as to require
vocational retraining at the hands of the
toard.
Farm owners in many different
have instantly recognized the practicability
of the course and voice the need for Olen
trained along lines indicaWd.
The labor shortage has caused manl' a
farm owner to realize that he must get out of
the rut and substituw machinery for time-
honored wasteful methods, hut his own Inck
of knowledge concerning the upkeep and op-
eration of farm tractors, motor truck, auto
mobiles, gas engines, electrical machineo"
and the like has been the principal barrier
The difCiculty of obtaining competent Mh>
has been an equal obstacle.
That the Federal Board has started trn
in
'
ing disabled soldiers in this new trade of
h
. " h \0
"farm mee ames as been glad neWS
many farm owners, longtime victims of in-
competent, untrained labor, who,
L__' . d al
lll
less, have ut%n mcreaslng their wage em
while not impro\;nl! the 5ervice rendered.
A
s a result of trained men able to ope
rnll
'
, h'
machinery which "ill all but eliminate t '
average farm laborer, iann owners are hOP'
ful and display great interest in putt
iO
!!
their places on a modem basis, equipped "'Ith
modern labor-saving machinery. -
Y.) Citizen.
348
THE I NDIAN S CHOOL J OURNAL
Tutilt Manuflcture as Vocation.! Training.
The business of textile manufacture in
America offers rare opportunities for young
men equipped with the right kind of edu-
cation and training, declared W. Irving
Bullard, manager of the industrail service
department of the Merchants' ",ational
Bank of Boston, in an address delivered at
the High School of Commerce on textile
manufacturing as a yocational training.
He mentioned some large problems facing
the textile industry of today and tomorrow
and called attention to t he opportunities for
schooling which would prepare boys for
such work better than the methods by which
the manager of tbe past generally bas been
raised.
"The last Federal census, taken in 1914,"
he said, "showed that tbis great business
supplying tbe most vital needs of the nation
next to food, bad an annual product com-
puted on pre-war values of $1,297,273,000.
Let it split up into 14,953 establishments,
tbe average annual product being only $86,-
000. In tbese days when the business world
is recognizing more and more the economies
of large-scale production and merchandising,
it is ob,;ous t hat the textile industry has a
long road ahead before it reaches the most
efficient organization."-Nell' York (N. Y.)

The New Committees.
The regular meeting of the board of
education last evening ended in a session of
the committee of the wbole board on teachers
and salaries, which v';ll meet again next
Monday evening in executive session.
A committee of teacbers representing the
teacbers was beard in the matter of
!'alaries for the year, Arguments
and some very pertinent figures were sub-
mitted to show that the lower paid teacbers
bave heen unable to meet the demands of
their profession on the prevailing sa1aries.
As compared to the increases which have
been made to the employee of numerous
firms cited by members of the committee,
the figures were fa\"'orable to the argument
of tbe teachers. A number of budgets of
some of the city teachers were submitted to
show tbe narrow margin upon which they
are obliged to live, and in some cases the
margin was a minus quantity. By pointing
out instances in the city of individuals who,
witbout special preparation or skill, are
paid salaries with which those of teaeber
do not compare favorably, they added
weight to their claim for consideration.
- Keokirk (la.). Gate City Daily.
Finding Vocations.
Time and money in considerable amount
are being expended by the federal board for
voational education on tbe problem of re-
educating disabled soldiers. Men concerned
should take advantage of the government
help offered. Seven pampblets describillg
tbe possiblities of employment in as maD1
di fferent fields have recently heen isned-
They deal witb "the practice of medicine II
a vocation," "employment management. I
new excutive position in industry," "fOr:
ry pursuit," "automobile maintenance
service" "the metal trades" "factory WO()CI.
, ' . II
working trades," and "army occupations
preparation for civilian employment" ::
bulletins were prepared by experts
should be helpful not only to former salmen.
but to otbers considering a change of v0-
cation or seeking furtber t raining along
mechanical lines.
A more elaborate system of gove(1UllOlll
vocational aid is likely to grow from
federal activity in
Such information as is contamed In
pamphlets issued for soldiers, for
would be valuable for civilians startl ng
tieal
to choose a career. Expert and pra
c
til--
advice at this time would prevent dlssa the
faction in later life and belp to redoce
present large labor turnover. hIS
The average boy or girl in years past rk-
IIjust happened" into his or her life WO
. t1ice. or
A Job was open \0 a factory, or 0 pt
store, and the first promising applica:"'r
it. The first job often determines a ....
ed
. 01-
because the experience acquir IS th&"
useless in other lines. Thus it happens do
many men are in a life work that tbey
for
.
not like or perbaps are not well fi tted I&-
A careful and scientific choice based on '"
curate information might have made a
contented and a more useful citizen.
in choosinJ! a career cannot be 31t
elimi nated, but it can be reduced. Tho ,
of boys, and their parents, would
expert outside aid in helping them to
hfe work. The federal vocational board JIe\P
Its faculities should he III JtIID
\0 tbls If Its work is gnided by practical ,..,.
properly qualified.-Flint (Mich.) JoM
Said of the Indian and His Way
T HIS DEPARnIE:\T IS OPE:\ CO:\TRIBl'TIO:\S CO:\
2rU CER:\ll'G THE I:\DIA:\ Al'D HIS PROGRESS EI'ERYWHERE 2rU
Indians to PIlmt Pints.
Several hundred thousand pine trees are
to be planted this year on non-agricultural
land south of Red Lake, under an agreement
reached yesterday between the Federal
Department of Indian Affairs, Washington,
and the State Forest department. The
young trees will be supplied from the state
nursery and planted by Indian labor.-
.I/innea""lis (Minn.) Tribune.
Church Would Educltr Indian Childrtn.
The project W erect a buildin!: for the
Reformed church's school for Winnebago In-
dians, now at Black Rh'er Falls. seems fair
to here. The management proposed
to ;>;fillsville that if a site of twenty to forty
aores were furnished a $30 00(1 W $40 000
rUilding would be e:ected maintained
by the church. Work toward raising the
rnoney for a site has been Sllcce ful.
Between 1,100 and 1,200 of tbese Indians
are li';ng and it is the idea of the church to
educate the children particularlv, wjth the
\lew of ki -
. rna . ng them good citizens of the
tOIled St tIl' .
a es.-, .ltmllkee (WIS.) Journal.
Indians Ask Aid.
A of full-blooded Indians called
on Go,- J A A
h
. .... Burnquist todav W urge
f ..-
of $100 yv 0 an approprIatIOn by congress
. ,000 for the support of Indian schools
.n the Who
.te Earth reservation.
he Lufkins, one of the Indians. said
h
Just returned from Washington
VI efe th . '
e matter had been taken up In
but the appropriation was killed
In the senate.
}Ir LUlli .
in t ' b ns saId the money asked for is
nti' n al funds, but an act of congress is
essan- b f .
&J e Ore It can be used
He said I di
'."". . n an schools in the White Earth
t ...
o
l' atron may be closed during the next
Tb
ears unless some support is given.
e d'
the or a ''!sed lIr. Lullins to take
Inatter -
depart up WIth the state education
Inent.-st. Paul pIinn,) _Veu:s.
Canadian Indians.s Flrmcn.
lndians of the western provinces will farm
on a l:igger scale than ever before, according
to W. Graham. commissioner of Indian
Affairs. Last year in response W the appeal
for greater production the Redmen worked
wonders in breaking up their reserves,
although in the past years difficulty was
experienced in getting them to do much in
the way of agriculture. The new experience
of working their land has seemingly come W
stay and this year the Indians will cultivate
100,000 acres. High-grade wh.at and oat
seed is teing supplied so that the quality of
the Indians' crops should improve from now
on. Their live stock, accordinJ! to :Mr.
Graham, is the equal of the best class of
settlers' stock.-Boston (Mass.) GIi";'ti""
Stiellre .l/onitor.
Indi:an Lands Lund (or C.nlt Raogu.
Xext to the gO"ernment, the Indian is
now the greatest landholder of the cattle
ranges. The cattlemen of the plains, who in
the '70s and' Os wre::;ted the buffalo pastures
from the Indians and "ran" hundreds of
thousands of cattle free as the air on the
hunting grounds they had appropriated,
now must beg those same Indians for the
right W graze their cattle and pay them
well for the Along in February
and )Iarch the leases are signed up
for the year.
Outside the national forests and the school
lands now available for the kind of free
rangin!! of the big cattle days are on the
Indian resen"ations. The IndIans find It
profitable and labol'5a\-ing to lease the land,
instead of running stock themselves. The
ranchers agree to pay a fixed prke per
and the Indians grant the on their
own terms, requiring <1: bond
payment.-Christian SC1fJIC't .llomtor.
Old Dero to Lands Ginn to Cbtroktts
is 10 Litbl.
A deed .xecuted by the 1.: nited States
government to the Cherokee tribe of Indians,
being a deed to the lands of the Cherokee
350
THE I NDIAN SCHOOL JOUR AL
nation, made 81 years ago, was taken from
the musty files of the United States Indian
al!:ency yesterday, and photog-raphed.
A photog-raph of it will be taken to Wash-
ing-ton by John )1. Taylor and other Indians
who are on a comrr.ittee to start a suit in the
court of claims to recover money which the
Cherokee claim is due to them by reason of
their land being allotted to Cherokee freed-
men.
The old deed is signed by Martin Van
Buren, then president of t he United States.
It is engraved on a piece of sheepskin that
is two feet wide and about three feet long.
It is decorated with a lot of colored scroll
work that was used in that time in the place
of lithographing.
The orilrinal deed is rolled up and kept in
a steel tube. Before being sent to Oklahoma
it was filed for record in the go\.ernment
land office. It is dated December 31, 183 ._
JIIIskogee (Okla.) Daily Phoenix.
America's Ntglect of the Indian.
"Western people are naturally more
terested in the Indian than their brethren in
the Eastern States, but if we are to perpetu-
ate the native American it is high time that
the people everywhere in the United States
should take a deep interest in the race,1J re-
marked Dr. A. T. Schuler, an educator who
has been deeply interested in the Indians at
Washin!(lon. "The last report of the Indian
commissioner gives the total population of
Indians, exclusive of the Five Civilized
Trihes, at 237,737, and of this number nearly
120,0)0 cannot speak English, a sad com-
mentary on the steWardship of the pale face.
Less than One third can read and mite. It
would seem from these figures that the In-
dian educational problem is far from being
solved. Arizona has a greater number of
Indians in percentage to its population than
any other state, there being nearly 45,000
in that state, and of this number a little more
than 7,000 can speak English and a few more
than 5,500 can read and write. And Arizona
boast. of hOling more college graduates
than any other state in the Union in propor-
tion to its population.
" We have J;ot to take care of the Indian.
He was a good fighter, and what few there
were of him in the world war, and he threw
terror into the Hun. America cannot afford
to have the red man pass."-Wcuhington
CD. C.) Post.
Nt,.,. Agrnl Gi'ftD Rtet.prion.
White Earth did itself proud on Monday
" 'ening when the citizens of that place
tendered a reception to lIr. and )!rs. W. F.
Dickens, who have arrived at White Earth
. the pOSItIon of
where Mr. Dickens assumes .
ceedi
John H Hmton,
superintendent, sue ng . bee
. "D' kens has n
recently resigned. .uT. Ie
superintendent at Red Lake for several years
past. . h barding
The reception was held 10 teo h
d th
rog
ram for t e
school dining hall an e p . , _
. . peakmg, 'Jane
evemng consisted of mUSIC, S nd
I ddition to Mr. a
ing and a luncheon. n a the follow-
)Irs. Dickens there were present Scho-
in" guests: Supemsor Dr. U S.
., . P G e of the .
maker, Dr. Wlllard . reen I
lIedical Staff, and lIr. and lIrs. Culp. .
. UDlver
It is said that the receptlO; Earth
sally attended by the people 0 fi t time
. rked tbe rs
and that the occasIOn rna nd-
h P
ie have respo
in many years when t e peo . ne"
ed so spontaneously in a mani.
. th ood <pmt 109
regIme i e g ...
fested to an unusual degree. t tion of
Dickens' bears the repu ave and
. progress}
l:ein
a
one of the most . and
I di SerVIce
efficient officials in the n an ' 11 suceeed
it is strongly probable that he. :nd relie
in restoring order out of chaos mort
'li to a
depressed conditions pre.aJ ng .( Ru-
. -Detrol
normal and progressl,,"e era.
ord.
Chrrokrr is Parriolic.
Oklahoma
Cherokee citizens of eastern the Chero-
point "ith pride to the fact wars in
kees in this war, as well as ot er ed have
which the United States has engag rl say!
borne an honorable and valorous pa I
the Oklahoma Oklahoman. 'd with
'd bv Sl e
Cherokees have fought 9 e - early
. f mavery
meml::ers of the whIte race ro ecoID-
di
., who a
period. The "friendly In ans d hi>
,.. -bington an
p.nied Colonel George n as . the Blues
"Virltini. Blues," and who Wlth f Brad-
. tion 0
prevented the utter extenruna CberD-
dock's arm\' are said to ha.e been ._
., I d ha"-
kees, their ancient an"",,--nal an -hen tbt
been embraced in Virgini.a And "rt in tbt
colonial soldiers of Virgtrua took pa e quite
there wer
reduction of Fort Duquesne. with thelll.
a number of Cherokee ... a,:rlOrs Cherok'"
All through the colonial pennd the the colon-
were at various times allied WIth
THE INDI AN SCHOOL JOliRNAL
351
ists in suppressing the more hostile Indians
of other tribes, though there were times
when they too fought the colonists.
In the war of 1812 the Cherokees raised
a regiment, joined the forces of General
Andrew Jackson, and bore a prominent
part in chastising the hostile Creeks.
A numter of Cherokees are said to have
gone to Mexico as soldiers but not as an
individual military force. '
In the civil war three times Cherokee reg-i-
ments under the command of Colonel Wil-
liam A. Phillips of the Sixth Kansas Cav-
alry, saw service under the stars and stripes.
. In the war with Spain, Cherokees served
In Cuba, some being members of the famous
Rough Rider regiment. Others served in the
Philippines and some in China at the time
of the Boxer uprising.-Columbus (Ohio)
JOllnw.l.
Wi nnebago Indians l'phtl d of
Ancestors in World War.
. Early in 1918, two Winnebago Indians
In this cit. .
y answered the call of the.r country
and I' .
. en .sted In the army with the hope of
seeing early sen-ice in France. Thev were
Job H'
n . Longtall and Robert Big Thunder
and th .
elT record at Chateau Thierry shows
they upheld the traditions of their
rave and fighting forefathers.
t The two men who are cousins were mem-
ers of the infantry (regulars) Third Divi
.. It is now a matter of history that this
stood against the best of German
th ateau Th.erry and it was in this battle
at both were wounded.
Like so many Indians in the war these
":" were used for scoots, snipers and tele-
P one operators, and during their seven
Weeks .
. In the front line trenches had many
Interesting and e>..-periences. Both
\\"ento' h
'tood 'er t e top three times and both ,,;th
three attacks from the enemy.
t
The Indians' natural adaptability to
rench W f
tb ar are was reflected in the work of
men Who acted as scouts. They were
til. e to go out and get information and re-
o.. r
n
l
safely in many cases where white men
"Ou d f '1
. al. Another place where they were
'"valuabl .
rnes e Was In transmitting telephone
me sages, Where there was a possibility of
Ssages be' .
th 109 Intercepted by Germans. In
..:::" cases the Indians would transmit the
.
p' es In their own tongue.
nvate Lontail has been honorably dis-
charged, while Private Big Thunder is still
being- treated in an eastern hospital.-lfil-
lfUllkee (Wis.) Sentinel.
The Poor Indian.
:-Iorth America suited the Indian exactly.
He hunted, fi'hed, and bade the
squaws scratch up a little patch of ground
for maize. One day the of a ship's roat
crunched on a sandy beach.
It was not firewater that made an end of
the Indian. Had every colony bone dry
from the start he must have gone. He
vanished becau,e, \\;th all his splendid phy-
sique, he was not sufficiently alive. Eyes of
the eagle, agility of the panther, cunning of
the fox, ability t<l follow the trail for days
on end, availed him not at all. It was a new
world and he could not fit himself for a peace
in it. Life of man, civilized or savage,
repeatedly becomes a state of probation. The
red man did not even attempt to meet the
required conditions.
Time has made of "the changeless East"
nothing but a phrase. China built a wall and
settled down behind it to be the same for-
ever. At first the wall seemed to give pro-
tection; with it on guard, customs among the
Celestials scarcely altered from century to
century. But now the wisest men of China
see that Japan was ril(ht in opening its ports
to all the world. The Chinese wall did not
forbid the processes to which all life is
su!>ject, and the best friends of China are
stri\dng- to prod her millions to make speed
after a prO<'eioision now centuries ahead.-
BORtOIi Globe.
Indiln Girl Siled from
At 6 o'clock last nil(ht a ta>;cab drew up
to the home of Cyrus C. )litchell, 1005 South
DearJorn street. The driver was admitted
to )fit<hell's home, where he remained
for twenty minutes. When he emeTg'ed he
drove to the office of State's At-
ney Ho)"ne. There. in Assistant State's At-
torney Du\,al'!iI office, H. P. Paris of Okla-
homa paid the taxi driver a bill for ser.;ces.
Thus ended what )Ir. Duval and Attorney
William Brown later termed "a concerted
effort for "veral w.,ks" to take to Okla-
homa ) Ii" llartha Hope, 1 year old balf-
breed Indian girl. who is lIr. lIitchell's
Ward. P"ri. has !!One back to Oklahoma to
inform "cl'rtain intereots" there tbat kidnap
352
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
in Illinois means life imprisonment for
those convicted.
"Miss Hope about three weeks ago became
18 years of age," said Attorney Brown.
uShe is the owner of valuable oil land in
Oklahoma-near the town of Eufaula. She
has already been practically swindled out of
half her holdings, which were originally 160
acres. Prosecutor Duval and I, as her at-
torney, will see to it that she is protected.
lI
Then developed the story of how Mr. Paris
came to te in office of the State's atf...orney.
IIMr. Paris/' Prosecutor Duval explained,
"is the second guardian appointed by the
Oklahoma courts for Hope. He sent
the cab to get Hope with instructions
to the driver to bring her to Northwestern
station. )Ir. Paris says his purpose was to
take her to Oklahoma so he could fill a re-
port and get himself discharged as her

"1 believe Paris is telling the truth.
But there has been an effort on the part of
certain interests to get this girl into Okla-
homa for the purpose of securing control of
her property. I'm sending Paris back
to warn those interests."-Chicago ( Ill.)
Triblllle.
Statt Indian Policy.
The recent conference at Syracuse on the
relations of the state of New York to its
Indians may have epoeh-making results. As
readers of The Express may remember, a
detputy attorney general made the startling
announcement that most of the laws made
for the government of the reservations and
their population were unconstitutional and
in \;olation of existing treaties. The con-
ference made a report which Governor Smith
has approved and sent to the legislature
for action.
The rerommendations are: The creation of
a special committee comprising five legis-
and representatives of the state
health, charities, educational and attorney
general's departments to consider the entire
Indian problem; that a suit be started by
the department of justice in behalf of the
United States against the state to determine
the status of the Indians; that each reser-
vation be created a separate state health dis-
trict; that Indian doctors be placed under
the state department of health; that aU
state departments extend the scope of their
work to help qualify the Indians for citizen-
ship; that a form of citizenship be estab-
lished which will not rob the Indian of his
tri'al property; that the general government
pass to the state legislature the treaty mak-
ing powers now held by congress, so that the
state may make new treaties with the Indian.
The time has come to make the Indians of
this state citizens and property owners in
severalty. The relationship of guardian and
ward may have served its purpose by saving
the Indians from spoilation by unscrupulous
white men. But it is time that the child
grew up. The only thi ng that develops res-
ponsibility is responsibility itself.-BuJfoW
N. Y.} Express.
The Indi an in Modtrn War.
One of the most curious instances of an
art harking back to the past has been the
comparatively recent abandonment, as a
iirst tattle movement, of the head-on shock
of troops, hst exemplified by the ancients,
and the therefor of a tactic
practiced in the stone age.
We refer to the skirmish, of which the
d
which
I ndians were past masters, an 10
a few warriors preceded the main body.
taking advantage of every depression,
bush or tree for concealment and protecU
n
.
The use of this tactic gave the Indian a
reputation for cowardice among the
settlers of America, and it still clings to hi.m.
Yet he long since proved that when necesSlIl'
"as
dictated he could lead a "forlorn hope
valiantly as any white man.
di n
This "last ditch" spirit of the In .. a e
received confirmation in the great war.
th did' I' ted in Amen'"
onsan n lans were en 15 They
and many of them went overseas.
pro\'ed of inestimable value as scouts, nat?-
rally, but they were not found wanting ,n
hand-to-hand fighting.
Silas Samuels, a full -blooded Choct ..
'e" ,n
gave the New York Sun an interVl
to four
broken English. He went over the P t
times, and vigorously expressed his
f h .. Silas "
o t e Hun courage. UBy damm, nd
quoted as saying, "Germans run a
lo
_
hide. Not stand and fight tiII die, hke
dians. Quick give up." . ns
If the great war awakens white Amenta d
to the soldierly virtues of both red
black Americans as it certainly will, we sb 'e
t
. Ii' sh.'
no , aSIde from other on , it69
0
spent Our blood and money in v.ID.-Ch
(Ill.) Post.
THE SCHOOL JOURN AL
353
u. S. Indians in Mexico.
In the very heart of the Santa Rosa
tains. about 125 miles south of the Rio
and with Naciemento as the capital,
IS located a colony of more than two thou-
sand Kickapoo Indians. Although the first
of these American tribespeople came to Mex-
more than one-half century ago, they are
st!ll cared for by the United States Govern-
ment. The men, women and children receive
cert' t'
am s lpends from the government at the
end of every quarter. They ar e paid in
checks through Ira C. Deaver an Indian
agent of the United States Gove:.nment who
VISits N . '
, aClemento at the end of every t hree
months for that purpose. Checks are t aken
to Eagle Pass. Texas. hy the Indians and
cashed at a local bank. The Indians obtain
great enjoyment from these quarterly trips
tfo the border. They dress in the latest
ashion of
savagery and make the occasion
notable in their othenvise humdrum .
tence. eXlS-
The check h' h
S W Ie they recein quarterly
are sufficient to meet their simple needs
OVer and bo
V a ve the wi ld game that they kill .
. e
d
ry
few of them can read or write and' their
In orsements of th h
th b' e c ecks are by means of
Urn pnnts.
G was at the request of the CDited States
O'ernment th t th K'
ed thO a e Ickapoos were grant-
ta' IS reservation in the Santa Rosa lIoun-

by the Mexican Government. The
rntory whO h h
situated f IC t eyoccupy here is ideally
tive or Indian hfe m all of its primi -
dee;ess. The mountains are full of bear.
nnd other wild
Contain' game, and the streams
So an Inexhaustable supplY of fish
meofthe d ..
great men an women have attained
mark age, several have passed the century
according to th .
traditions -Ph'/ d / I own records and
. I a e P lUI (Pa.) Ledger.
New Light on Indilll.
For the
War th part he has played in the world
I eA'
create for bmencan Indian has helped to
heart of h 1mself a warmer place in the
ever had: lIte men of this country tban he
from Fed. Almost invariably tbe reports
ranceh tl
the Ind' ave 0 d us not only how well
among the Yankee forces have
'plendidl tbemselves in hattie. but also how
in eve Y they have conducted themselves
ry way S
the whol . orne one ought to give us
e story of the Indians' part in the
struggle for democracy. Such. story would
go far toward overcoming some of the pre-
judices that still persist against the children
of the forest who once occupied all this vast
country. A nd no person is better qualified
to write the story than John C. Wright of
Harbor Springs. who lectured the other
night at the public library.
In that lecture Mr. Wright depicted the
red man in a new Iig'ht and re\'ealed many
interesting characteristics of the race. He
said if the Indian could be judged accord
ing to the standards. qualifications and cus-
toms of the Ojibways as they exist:d at the
time of the disco"ery of America by Colum-
bus. the public would have an entirely differ-
ent opinion of them. He denied the truth of
the old impression that the Indians were
heartless cruel sava$res, and cited the fact
that they never whipped their children and
the corporal punishment was a thing un-
known to the parents. He declared that
great respect for the aged. unselfishness and
un'=ounded faith in an aU-ruling power and
many other noble characteristics were to be
found among the original inhabitants of
America and that these characteristics in-
delibly stamped them as the most admirable
primitive men that ever dwelled upon the
earth. Mr. Wright further upset the old
ideas when he declared that practically all
wild Indians preferred peace to war, but that
they were forced to fight.
Unfortunately, our historians have told
us all too much about the wars of the In-
dians. They have not dwelt to any extent
upon the story of the peaceful tribes. War
was forced upon the original Americans by
the colonists, who slowly crowded them off
the land and who made aIliances \\;th them
to fight other colonists. There is now a gen-
eral tendency to depict the red man as he
reallv was, and we are slowly to
give 'him a much higher place than that ':"e
past has assigned to him.-Grand Rapid.
(1lich. ).v, .....
Sioux Indian, Hold Grtlt Victory Duct.
The Sioux Indians have just had a rictory
dance to celebrate the downfall of the ?"r-
mans. It was the first rictory da?ce
the Custer massacre in I8iS. Here s the hlJ!'
the song of the \;ctory. composed by
the official orator of the tflbe:
There was a bad man over in Europe.
He thought he could whip me.
354 THE INDI AN CHOOL JOURNAL
But I went over and he " -as glad to quit.
There is a big ball of cryi ng over in Europe.
I did that.
Along with the victor)' dance the SioIU
held a Red Cross "drive." The drive lasteo
a couple of days and resul t;ed in several ('11'
loads of hogs, a drove of steers, a bunch of
horses and a li ttle cash. But hogs and steers
are just as good as whet t nowadays, and
the Indians out on the reservation have mudt
more livestock than they h ave cash.
The first figure of t h", victor y "dance-
was the hanging of the kaiser in effigy.
Indian scouts were sent Out to observe the
II "Wh th
enemy. en ey cam" back they drag-
ged the body of the kaiser hehi nd them.
Then the Indians shot the body full of hol"'-
soalped it and hung it h i.g h upon a pol<.
Afterward the hody was lowered and 1II
American flag raised 0 1\ t he pol
kaiser's body was then b u rned on hu",
bonfire. -
The Sioux Indians were "- ery much excittJ
throughout the war. I'k hill
. .:" were I e a
of dISturbed ants. War th t ' --,
. . "", as e na lOU&J
pastIme of the SIOUX fol' '" h d--'
"" 0 many un rt"W
of years that they could n '1
.. east y overCOllk
their warhke propensities '" . I
ation. The fact that A n SIng e
f
. erIea was m a
oreign war was the onh. .
. tOPIC of conver-
satIon among the memt-r. f h t 'be A- '
h S
t e rl . ""
t e IOll.X sent a large numb, .
h
'<Or of theIr youn.
men to t e camps and th
Th
. trenches.
e VIctory dance was h. .
all nl
'ght I . f l d In the event llj!
- ang, In act .
under full steam h d' fter It once go
aean
f
h '
the dance hall th "0 '" or e t e door
, e mn " b 'It
great fire of full I th a, was UI
eng I,"o! Th .
self was a building tightl _ s. e hall ,,-
sides but with a b h - boar ded on a
rus roO.
floor other than th d' t - There was
ked h d b
ell', 'Which had bee
pac ar y the dan,.,
feet for years and years. g of many I'
A dozen kerosene larn,
light in the great bUildi'''' gave a feeb'
room. In convement placl' Around tht
cooked meat for the dan ' were kettles of
Ct' . h k_
came weary. Instead of t w en they "'-
the ices of the white m h.e ice cream and
en .
chunks of meat between ' . he I ndians u_
In the center was the big'tances.
huge drnm made of th m tom. It w.>
k'
stretched tightly Over an s m of a sle<'
into a circle. The spring :r sapling formt:
the skin tight. Around tl. _he sapling ker
some eight or ten t om tom wert
.,Jayers.
There was a speech before the dancing.
The address was made by a school t.eadter
who told the Indians t hat the European WI\'
was their fight just as much as it .... the
fight of t he white man, and that the violory
was as much their victory as it was the vido-
ry of the white people. This pleased the
Indians until t hey broke into .pplause--&
very Tare occurrence among them.
Immediately upon the close of the speech
the tomtom began its peculiar rhythm-l
rhythm which, to t he unsophisticated ear
seems a beating but which soon beco ....
"catching." Then the victory dance started.
It was not a wi ld paean at first. A. the
night advanced the dancing became a freDJl',
but in its early stages it was Utame"-
probably as a contrast to the closing
F irst the women of the t ribe, each beanng
a small American flag, formed a circle ro:
the tomtom. They pointed thei r ft.ags at the
center and then fell into the ghde of
"sidestep" which looked so foolishly eIS'!,
, . oW"
but which proves too much for whIte m
and endurance. Then a number of men
leaped out into the floor and gave the
for the young men who were far away
war. the
Then the tomtom called the dancel'! to ry
real event of the evening-the real violo the
dance. The tomtom was re-enforced bY""o
shrill screams of half a dozen old womenu\ill'
squatted on the dirt floor in the ... ay pee Solllt
to Indians. A great circle was formed. M Y
of the dancers had American fl ags. ;;..
carried service flags with one, two and "th I
stars. Occasionally there was' flag '"
gold star. . dan-
There is no discribing a re. lInd"n the!'
In the main the dancers do just about as bit
please. There is a difference very
to Indian eyes and customs in the '"'"
but the uninitiated eyes of the ... hlte or
cannot see these di fferences. With te;...,
a dozen men beating the tomtom half a ""idt
women screaming in the shnIl mInor and
all Indian women seem to and
several hundred Indian men tbe
shOUting, the dance hall was soon ' "ctory
full swing of the Sioux Indians' VI diaJIS
dance. And every now and then the '0
ctorY-
broke out into their song of , 1
Minneapolis (Minn.). Tribune.
tit for
Love labor; for if thou dost not .... n PEJlN.
food, thou mayst for physic.-
W
,
AND they sat under the flap-
U DER THE FLAPDOODLE TREE doodle trees and let the flap-
doodle drop into their mouths;
and under the "ines and squeezed the grape juice down their throats;
and, if any little pigs ran about ready roasted, crying, "Come and
me," as was their fashion in that country, they waited till the
pIgs ran against their mouths, and then took a little bite, and were
content.-From Charles King/ey's "Water Babies,"
Whenever an unemployed able-bodied Indian, in order that he
may live in idleness, leases to a white man the land he himself should
cultivate that Indian has traded the use of his land for the tempo-
;ar
y
possession of a "flapdoodle tree," The makes
he lease, collects the rent and pays it over to the IndIan landlord,
The Indian ha nothing to do but bask in the shade of his grateful
and eat "flapdoodle" and grow fat and lazy, And if, perchance,
hfe under such conditions becomes monotonous and intolerable.
Uta
s Ie and unprofitable" he may hie himself off to the nearest "boot-
legging" joint and a bottle of "firewater" with which to
revive hi drooping spirits, Thus pass the days until pale disease
and deformed indigence claim him for their own,
Happily, however, many Indians are beginning to see the evil
results of leasing their lands and are commencing to farm them
themselves, E\'en many old Indians, who ne\'er before tried to
fa,:", ha\'e surprised progressive white farmers at State and
FaIrs with their splendid agricultural exhibits.-products of
own toil. Last summer we were actually shocked with
When we were infonned tbat a full-blood Ponca Indian and bls
brother thresbed 11 000 bushels of wheat raised by on
Own land, When we see such Indians as these riding in big.
touring car purcha ed with money tbey ha\'e thus we
to them as fine examples of thrift, industry and good cItIzen-
SIp,
There are still, however, too many able-bodied Indians leasing
356 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOUR AL
their allotments who should be farming them and establishing
them eh'es thereon in permanent, comfortable homes, surrounded
wi th productive fields and profitable herds of li\'estock. !lIost Indians
are owners of land and they should utilize it for their health, supp' rt
and happiness,
While there is no justification for able-bodied idle Indians, yet,
be it remembered that there are other idle people in "this land of
the free and home of the brave" besides Indians. Take a look into
the public pool-halls in almost any town and be conyinced,
are thousands of people in the world today whose only ambition IS
to have a good time. They prefer a life of idle ease and pleasure,
though attended with poverty, dirt and disease, to one of industry
and self-denial accompanied with peace and plenty, good health
and self-respect. There is no lasting happiness-no joy in life-
for those who have no higher ambition than merely to satisfy their
desire for pleasure. Such peJple never get anywhere and nel'er
contribute anything to the world's wealth and happiness. If we do
not find happiness and real joy in our work, we shall ne\'er hare
them. As teachers we should strive to impress this fact upon the
minds of our pupils, for it is not all of life to li\'e, In order to be
happy we must also perform some useful work.
IT? !>
FOR what doth it profit a man if he gain
THE Sl:RVIVAL VALUE all knowledge so that he can calculate
the distance to the ,tars, measure the
planets, or comprehend the music of the spheres if he bas not
learned in the end, as Herbert Spencer would say, "in what way to
treat the body; in what way to treat the mind; in what way to
manage his affair ; in what way to bring up a family; in what
to behave as a citizen; in what way to use those , ources of happI-
ness which nature supplies-h)w to use all his faculties to the
greatest advantage of himself and others?" Wherein does the
momorizing of names, dates and events in history benefit us if we
fail to gain a background therefrom of incidental information which
will ufl'h'e the examination day and which we can utilize in our
daily li\'e for the betterment of the lot of Ourselve and our
It is not so important whether or not we remember the solution of
the problems of Euclid as it is that we are able in later years to
utilize the habits of careful, pain taking, logical reasoning and
thinking gained from their study in meeting our daily problems of
life, In other words it is the survival value that really counts, and
the true measure of our work is the sum total of that surviyal value.

r
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
Then what gain is it that a student should learn a smattering
of many subjects the survival value of which is naught? Or, to
what end and for what purpose can we justify over-training in
athletics, music, mopping, scrubbing when the sUI'l'ival value is,
if experience and observation count for anything, not only worth-
less but negative? We should reckon more with the probable sur-
vival value and less with the seeming present I'alue, This much we
owe to the future welfare of every student.
WHILE the "stand-patter," as he is
STA DJ G SERE 'ELY PAT generally understood, is not a popu-
lar character in these days of swiftly
points of view, we somehow admire that good man who
Insists on buttoning up his coat shirt and putting it on ol'er his head
in the good, old-fashioned way when his haberdasher is no longer
able to supply him with his preferred style, Likewise we plead
extenuation for our staunch friend who prefers to use the old-
fashioned, draw-shave style of razor to the more modern lawn-
mower type of tonsorial tool. He gets a clean, sanitary shave with
no more language, fumbling and monkey-faced mimicry than we
have often witnessed in the performance of our up-to-date gentle-
man as he stands before the mirror plying his safety-first type and
making faces after the fashion of his prehensile tailed ancestors,
, For like reasons we can still see good in some of the old-fash-
IOned text books in which we first learned of the "grandeur that
was Rome's" and of the glories of ancient Greece, Simply hecause
a thing is old is no reason for condemning it any more than
should be condemned because they are new, With mere fads and
fancies we had better have nothing to do, either in dregs, tools, or
education, There are times when it is the part of valor as well as
of wisdom to stand serenely pat when the majority of people are
running wildly mad oyer some newly fledged notion loudly pro-
claimed as the panacea for all our ills and incom'eniences, Our
notion, however, of the real "stand patter" is the man who insists
the good old horse and buggy is still the most satisfactory, all
round, Sunday afternoon courting "turn out" e\'er im'ented, tho'lgh
we uspect we will have to change his mind respecting this import:.nt
matter or he is apt to li ve and die an old bachelor, But the
and the politician usually experience little difficulty in ad]ustm,g
their views to meet the popular demands of the hour, hale
a way of standing "serenelv" but not "pat." And we Wist not
where always to find them, -,
357
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
HIAWATHA AND THE
SIMPLE LIFE
A few weeks ago a Chippewa Indian
drifted int{) a large Middle Western city
near the falls of lI1innehaha and placidly
put one mer on the astute editor of the
"Pioneer Press." With profound delotion to the dead past did our
Hiawatha, Red Brother of the Forest, in true poetic fervor, p ~ u r
into the ears of his gullible friend legend, story and song of the
simple life of his people. Whereupon the editor hied himself off
to his sanctum sanctorum, drew forth his trusty Faber and indited
these epic lines:
The red man has no philosophy, no theology which is not poetry-
which is not dipped in the f,agance of t be colors-nay. the horrors-
of nature. We smi le at his simplicity and yet he makes us want to kick
over the typewriter (not the typist) and join him with his blessed hills
and rivers and snakes. He has his forest, we our department stores.
He has his poetry, we Our theology. Assuming that we were once
where he is, have we advanced?
There was a time when our Indian friend el'oked from us a
listening ear to his eloquent descriptions of his simple life. But
that wa before the day of the automobile, the moving picture
theatre and the flying machine. If anI' one thinks the Indian pre-
fers the quiet life of the forest or the adlentures of the chase to the
thrills and excitement of the modern gala life of the white man's
civilizatioin and inl'ention just let him on any day in the week I'isit
an Oklahoma town. There he will see more glad going in high
powered automobiles with Indians at the wheel than there el'er
were canoes on the bosom of the "Big a Water." And the pity of
it is the Indian is selling himself out of house and home to get money
with which to buy automobiles, just as the Chippewas a few years
ago exchanged their Ialuable timber lands fnr benzine buggies and
joy jugs. The poetry and music of his philosophy and theology
hal'e turned to jingles and ragtime.

THE RESERVATION BOAEOING SCHOOL
Reports come to us which indicate that
condltons at m f h
in any 0 t e reservation board-
g schools, particularly at the smaller ones
are far from ti f '
. iii' sa s artory. Low salaries
me Clent em pi " .
. oJees, smaH attendence are
gIVen as th "
k b e prinCipal reasons for failure to
e schools up to the desired standard
In the opinion of many super-
en 5 and su . .
to I' . pervlSOrs It was a mistake
e Immate th "th
these SChools e I and 8th grades from
that f . One ,upenntendent reports
ormerly 'h h .
grades in h' "en e maintained these
most all of sch,,?ls he was able to keep
l
'ears of k.
IS
pup!ls for the two additional
wor A 't'
completing th 6 s I IS now they leave after
to indUce th e tb grade and being unable
transfer t e parents to consent to their
Ten rema'o non reservation schools the child-
An th m out of school entirely,
"'n reports that many Indian child-
age of 19 w completing the 6th grade at the
- or 13 yea b'
Inabilitl' t rs w trh results in the
I
0 enroll ve . .
arge enough t ry many pupils old and
Incident t th 0 perform the necessary work
and to d: th e up-keep of the school plant
ta
e farm work t .
s ted that. ' e c, It IS also
""lied to do I:os;;e schools children are com-
for their stren th
too
strenuous and exacting
It . g and age.
IS Yery evid t
done before the en that something must be
)'ear to remed beginning of another school
erintendents :. ,conditions, Will sup-
their ';ew? In Iy give us the benefit of
I:-;OtSTR --
IAL INSTRl'CTION
AT THE
GENOA SCHOOL,
Considarable im
at the C provernent hal; heen made
hal or the of indus-
t . '" I a IOn and
hal ,;'ork 'th co. relation of indus-
been "(ected WI h the acadEmic. A plan has
D w .:eby the Ih d
- .' 'tying G d' ree epartments
beer, ar 2nd have
In th . Y strengtbe"d.
e mam shops b old'
partments of P' . W lng, only the de-
CaTJl<>nttj, a d Harness
Cia, Work : d I acksmithing are located,
ea'h of these; ectures are conducted in
Our departQ)ents immediately
in the work rooms. As a matter of fact a
shops buil ding is, of necessity. somewhat re-
mote from the Farming, Gardening, and
Dairying departments. Therefore it is very
inconvenient to ha\'e the latter three details
assemble at an industrial building for das:o'('s
and then report for actual work.
Three small buildings were erected for the
Gardening, Dairying and Farm details, eal"h
of which is located at a convenient place for
the assemblintr of toys at each session for a
particular detail of work. The school farner
having charS!e of the horses and barns is
equipped with a adjacent to the
barn. This individual building is constructed
of brick and contains a class-room 18x21
which is fitted with benches and blal'k coard,
for instructi01I.
The Garder,e: is furnished with a similar
building. The Dairyman has a class-room in
the creamfrY building just a short distance
south of the dairy born. The plan of these
class-rorm brings the boys in close touch
with thl'ir work and makes demonstration
possible Besides, all pupils are assembled
and dismissed from these dass-rooms. In
very inclement weather the instructors may
take their details to these class-rooms after
actual productive work done and !!ive them
studying or board work to do. Thb has teen
done during the winter season when out door
work is Iij?ht. This plan helps the general
discipline of the school because pupils are
not sent back to the boys' buiiding at irregu
lar times.
The principal of the school has issued
took lets to assist in correlation work. These
tooklets represent the equipment and stock
of all industrial departments in the form of
an im"entory. The class-room tea("hers use
these lists in the school rooms for the pur-
pose of acquainting pupils \\;th the spelling
of industrial Sinee priC'es on variou:;
kinds of stock are quoted. arithmetic ex-
amples are formulated based upon industrial
work. Problems in simple household ac-
counts and also the simpler forms of Pro-
duction Reports may be readily explained
and rendered quire pra<tkal.-GEORGE F
DeTT, PRISCIPAL.
FROM THE EXCHANGE EDITOR'S DESK
THE UNIVERSITY OF DENVER'S LECTURES
FOR WORKING PEoPLE
The university announces the beginning of
a program which is intended to grow to very
large proportions. For more than twenty
years the institution has carried university
training outside the walls to people who were
occupied during the regular college hours.
At this time there are more than 200 teach-
ers from the public schools in Denver and
vicinity who meet regularly every Saturday
in the East Side High School Building in
classes which are taught by University of
Denver professors.
The university hopes to provide educa-
cational privileges for working people who
wish to make life better for themselves and
for others in courses of lectures to be given
regularly. For the present these lectures
are offered one night in the week. Later on
they ,viII be offered two nights in the week.
It is the hope of the university to have in the
near future a fine building in the heart of
the city where lectures can be offered every
night in the year.-SCHOOL AND SOCIETY.
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF FEDERAL
EMPLOYEES
The National Federaton of Federal Em-
ployees is an active organization of civilian
workers in the government service, com-
posed of representatives from virtually all
branches except the postal service, the em-
ployees of which have organizations of their
own.
The objects of the Federation are : To
advance the social and economic welfare and
education of the employees and to aid in the
perfection of systems which will make for
greater efficiency in the various services of
the United States.
The methods for attaining these objects
are petitioning Congress, creating and fos-
tering public sentiment favoable to pro-
posed reforms, cooperating ",;th government
officials and otber employees, securing the
enactment of appropriate legislation, and
other lawful means. Under no circumstan-
ces is the Federation to engage in or support
stri kes against the United States Govern
ment.
The Federation now comprises 116 local
unions, located in nearly as many cities and
towns throughout the United States, in
Canada, and the Panama Canal Zone.
WHAT THE FEDERATION IS FIGHTING FOR
Adequate and proper salaries for the em
ployees of the national civi l service, includ-
ing a minimum li vi ng wage,
Standardization and reclassifi cation of the
civi l service to the end t hat salaries and
working con'ditions shall be fairly adjusted
in t he interest of the efficiency of the service
and the well-being of the employees.
Retirement of superannuated employees
under a system which shall be equitable and
beneficial to both the employees and the
Government,
The right of civil service
adequate representation in Wlof
the regulation of the essential conditiOns
thei r employment, as salaries and
hours of labor, promotions and demotIOns,
transfers, removals and sanitation.
WHAT THE FEDERATION HAS
ACCOMPLISHED
. N tion.
1
Although the formation of the k
Federation of Federal Employees dates bac t
only to September 1917, and the pres
en
, f 'viI set-
movement for the organization 0 CI
vice employees is but little older, much
already been accomplished-more t han
teen accomplished in this direction by f
eral employees without organization dUrIng
many decades of helpless dependence on
others.
. More specifically, organization
Instrumental in bringing about, dunng ts
very brief period mentioned, t hese res
ul
,
among others : . and
Substantial increases in salanes
wages. .ees
Redress of many grievances of eJDplOl
in various services of the Government.
eces'
The defeat of an attempt, both unn
I
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
361
sary and unjust, to fasten on employees ,)f
the Government a longer workday.
The arousing and marked development
among federal employees of a spirit of self-
reliance and cooperation, and of closer affili-
ation and sympathy with the great mass of
the nation's wage-earners. - FEDERAL EM-
PLOYEE.
SCHOOL LIBRARIES
New England has an association of school
librarians. At a recent meeting a number of
papers were presented, all of which indicate
the growth of the movement for the estab-
lishment of school libraries, Schools are
USing in ever-increasing degree many dif-
erent books in the preparation of lessons
rather than the single text book which has
so long been traditional. Instead of reading
a single book on history, pupils are being
sent to the library to read from a number of
different authorities and to compare the
statements found in different books. In
the same practice in arising. Eng-
hsh is no longer confined to a few classics,
carefully dissected, but is aiming by labora-
tory methods and individual conferences to
induce children to read widely in the liteTa-
ture of their own country and of other
COuntries.
This change in the methods of organizing
classroom work implies a new type of epuip-
ment in public schools. That equipment
consists in a library. The effecti ve use of a
t d
'J In urn epends upon the presence
of a librarian who can sympathetically direct
the Interests of the children and can give
some instruction in the methods of finding
;aterial scattered through a number of
Ifferen volumes.-THE SCHOOL REviEw.
AN AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL IDEAL
A fortunate tendency in American edu-
cahtio
n
has been towards a unification of
W at
We caB the "practical" and the "cul-
tural" .
f 3Ims. Other nations have gone much
Urther than we in the development of voca-
tIOnal d . .
th' e ueation; but, generally speaking,
been at the price of a separation of
< The children of the better circum-
families have been admitted to the
t
Ph"VJIl!l<es of What the world calls "culture;"
e child
'd ren of the poorer classes have been
.. e-tracked ' ,
i1.e<l . IOtO a narrow type of speclal-
er 'VOCatlOnal training. Americans gen-
ally have felt that this class separation is
too high a price to pay even for the economic
advanta!(es that mi!(ht come to the country
from havin!( a highly "efficient" proletariat
to do the work of the field, the mine, and the
factory. Americans have not been blind to
the "practical," but they have set their faces
against a theory of education which limits
culture to the "white-collar" occupations,
and which condemns those who work 'with
their hands to a narrow type of training-
concerned only "ith the development of
manual skill. They have \Ii shed rather
that each child should have in some measure
both types of education-that all should
learn to work efficiently in some necessary
productive occupaton, and that all should
have the stimulus and inspiration which may
from an acquaintance \\;th the best
that the world has thoul!ht and felt and
dreamed.-National School Sercire.
EOUCATION IS A
Education must not be for a few but for
all our poople. While there is an advanced
form of public education in many states,
there still remains a lack of adequate edu
tional facilities in several states and com-
::unitie
s
. The welfare of the republic de-
nds that the public education should be
m
l
a ted to the hil!h.,t d<'l(ree po>sible. The
e eva .
rnnle
nt should exerri5c advIsorv super-
gove .
. ' over public education and where
VISion ,
ar), maintain adequate public edu-
necess ' d" h . , to
cation th rough subsl Ie! WIt out
h
O
\"ernment power to hamper or mter-
t e !( fbi'
'I' th the free development 0 pu IC
fere w -
t
'on bv the stat.-, Jt IS
educa I . bl' ed t '
t
' I that our system of pu JC uca Ion
essen 13 , h'ld
ld offer the wagc-earners C I ren
shou ortunity for the full.,t possible de-
the opp nt To attain this end state colleges
velopm
e
. , , d . I ped
should be e\e 0 .
and unl . .
, "Iso important that the IOdILStn.1
It n which is beinl! fostered and
ducatlo . t
e (I should ha, .. e for It:' purpose DO so
develope for efficiency in industry as
much tr . , . d 'I . t ,\
_. (or life In an In ustr31 5O(:Ie y. .
mu,! be bad of tbose
full and activities that are the fonn-
of all productive efforts. Children
dation pot onl), be<ome familiar with tools
should .rial" but the)' hould also receive
and rna kno"'ledl!e of the principles of
thO
roU
d
a ("ntrol, of force and matter un er-
human ,. industrial relations and sciences.
Iyipg oll
362
THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL
The danger that certain commercial and
industrial inlrests may dominate the char-
acter of education must be averted by
insistIng that the workers shall have equal
representation on all boards of education or
having control over vocational
studIes and training.
To elevate and advance the interests of
the . f .
>') P10 eSSlOn and to promote
popular and democratic education, the right
of the teachers to organize and to affiliate
with the t f th .
'Hen 0 e orgamzed workers
must recognized. _ The National Civic
Federatwn lteview.
PEDAGOGICAl P
'AND EDAGUESE VOCABULARY
The edllcflfi I 'd
. t . no.. 1 eal. Such a course of
inS ructIOn "n I .
bl h WI eave a man Just as sensi-
e as e would be without it.
'hPShYChOlouv. That branch of learning by
W Ie a man Ho f
. te I pro oundly contemplates the
In rna worki f
t
t
ngs 0 a clock that he is able
o cons ruet n h .
won't go. not er Just like it, - which
Sacra.tic lI/rthod. A
can't answer. sking questions you
DevelopmeNt I
subject of ]l' eSson. Working up to the
Adam and E: OIMlogy by beginning with
each step th(, e In the Garden of Eden. At
mind of th pUpil guesses what is in the
e leacher A I b
tion for the K Va ua Ie prepara-
nation. ) stem of education by exami-
School tea('/'e'
now a female ('0 I, Once a male defective;
B
. tnplete, except the trousseau
olVd oj Ed . .
IlrrltZ01l A c '.
perts in educal' .. omffi!SSIOD of ex-
Ion trymg to run a sawmill
I'lst t' .
"Uc lOn That of I '
nervous school
rn
' t' a S 1m,
any, o\'er on(lo h IS weighing little, if
. undreo pounds
E.rtewu/'e I .
nS/ruction Th t f
pansively bUilt : a 0 an ex-
the weighing in
d
d
of two hundred pounds
resse . ,-
Correlfltion. A .
that fittinglv. putting together of things
- 1::0 together Wh d
carpenter it ik . en one by a
, ';\ matter of co .
sense. When d b mmon, ordinary
One y a school te h "
profound revelat f ac er, It IS
IOn 0 psychologic pedag
Sel!-<ldilitll. When au' ogy.
that is self-activity w: pi] fixes the pm,
places the pin and 'th en. somebody else
that, enough e. PUPtIl sits Upon it,
J IS no self-acthity.
GuIll,,... A shellac compound of miscella-
neous consumption, perfect assumption and
occasional presumption.
Discipline. The art of reducing a class to
a condition in which they cannot resist in-
struction.
Function. Pedagocically speaking a per-
son functions when he does anything except
die: an impressive word easily substituted
for one of plai n meaning.
Here are some sample sentences of the
new pedaguese language from a book of 358
pages, entitled "The Educative Process:!!
Upon what basis shall the agency of
formal education select the experiences
that are to function in modifyillg ad
justments. (p.40).
This typical sentence illustrates a remark
a:le feature of the pedaguese language,
namely, its peculiar interchangeability of
words. For instance, as we are assured by
one of the most learned pedaguese scholars
in the U nted States, the expression, "experi-
ences that are to function in modifying ad-
justments" means the same as the adjust-
ments that are to modify in functioning
experiences, or the functions that afe to
adjust in experience modifications, Of the
modifications that are to experience in ad-
justing functions. If you don't see the
meaning of it in any form read this:
The fact that the organization of eX-
perience in coherent systems in a fUl!da-
mental factor in promoting the apphca-
tlOn of e..x:perience to the practical 1m:
provement of adjustment is profoUD:dl)'
significant to the process of education.
(p.164).
d
a
You may have an idea that a wor IS
simple thing, but notice:
The word "horse" is just as much .a
matter of concrete auditory kinaesthetIc
visual kinaesthetic imagery as the
Image of a particular horse is a matter
of visual imagery. (p. 173).
Now, if you know pedaguese, you knO\\
what the difference is; if you don't,
don't; that's all.-MYNIlEER WELL"".ND BE-'-
ORICK.
Conscience is doubtless sufficient to CODi
duct the coldest character into the ,,,.d 0
'"irtue; but enthusiasm is to conscience what
honor is to duty; there is in us a superfluity
of soul, which it is sweet to consecrate to the
beautiful when the good has been ac
coOl
'
plished.-MME. DE STAEL.
J
I
,
ne BOOK SHELF


SCIENCE, A foundation text-book on
Agriculture. By W. J. Spillman, Chief
of the Office of Farm Management, U. S.
Department of Agriculture. Price, $1.28.
The World Book Co., Publishers, Yonkers,
N. Y.
SciENCE OF PLANT L,FE : A High School
Botany treating of the Plant and Its
Relation to the Em;ronment. By Edgar
Xelson Trauseau, Professor of Botany,
Ohio State University. The book is a
hasis for the study of agriculture and the
arts and sciences relating to plant pro-
duction. Price, $1.48. The World Book
Co., Publishers, Yonkers, N. Y.
hTERIOR DECORATION FOR THE SMALL HOllE,
by Amy L. Rolfe, is probably the best
hij(h-school text of its kind-first, teeause
it covers its field quite completely, and,
secondly, because the space allotted to the
various topics is well balanced. The dis-
cussions are so brief that supplementary
reading is desirable, and to meet this need
the author lists at the end of each chapter
the books to be coruulted, \\;th definite
assignments to topics, chapters, and pages.
llacmillan, "ew York, 1918. $1.25.
('orRSE OF STUDY. BALTI"ORE COl'"TY PrB-
LIC SCHOOLS, is the latest addition to the
I\' and Y course of Study Series, edited
by H. E. Bucholz and published by War-
wick and York, Inc., Baltimore, lId.
The superior merits of this C<lurse of
Study has been recognized and ad"ertised
by leading edLcators throughout the coun-
try. The laTj(e demand for copies has
ne('essitated the printing of a new and
re>sed eddition which has just been pub-
lished. It is an interesting and valuable
book for soperintendents, prin-
cipals and teachers of schools everywhere.
THE PEoPLE OF TIP! SAPA, by Sarah Emilia
Olden, is an attractive and interesting
book of biography. hIstory, story. song
and ICj!end of the Dakota or Sioux Indian .
The book is well printed and beautifully
illu trated and makes a valuable addition
to the literature relating to the "first-of-
all Americans." Morehouse Publishing
Company, lIilwaukee.
THE BrSI"E S OF THE HOJ:SEHOLD. by C. W.
Taber, presents a rather detailed treat-
ment of the household budget and other
financial and business matters involved in
runninlr a home. The home economics
tcacher will find in this book much valua-
ble and accurate information which she
often wished for and which has never
before l:een put into convenient (orm. The
discussion o( sound financial principles
upon which to build a home and of the
financial relation between husband and
wife is presented from a point
of view in a vigorous and effective man-
ner. Other topics treated in the first part
of the book are the use of a bank account,
methods of keeping household accounts,
and the basis for apportioning the income
through a family budget. The section on
the function of credit in household finance
contains an treatment of the
u
pay
cash" idea.
The following chapter headings give an
idea of the scope of Parts II and lll, "Fac-
tors in the Family Budget:" "Rent."
"Fuel." 'Taxe.,,/' "Insurance," "Food
keting," "Clothinj(," "The Household
'Vorkinl!' Equipment," "Sen'i('e," "Saring's
and )Iethods in Saving," "Cultural Wants
In the Familv In Part 1\' i.
presented th;legal and businc<s status of
the famih' including surh topics as laws
which the family and real e.tate
titJt:o' and transactions. The topics are
dC\'eloped in a thorough manner with the
exception of food and dothing. This is
of course due to the fact that the ub-
jects are treated more fully in other t'our-
liE-:-; in home ('('onomic:::, whereas su('h
jects as electric light and power, j!'as. taxes
and insurance are not likely to be dis-
in other connections. A good refer-
enee book. J. B. Lippincon C<>., Publishers,
Philadelphia.
@]
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The Seminole's Defiance
By G. W. PATTEN
The Seminole chief, Osceola, ",as captured by
treachery while conferring under a flag of truce.
His proud, defiant spirit remained unconquered
through cruel imprisonment e\"en unto death.
B
LAZE. with your serried columns!
I will not bend the knee!
The shackles ne'er again shall bind
The arm which now is free.
I'l'e mailed it with the thunder,
When the tempest muttered low;
And where it falls, ye well may dread
The lightening of its blow!
I' l' e scared ye in the city,
I'l'e scalped ye on the plain;
Go. count your chosen IV here they fell
Beneath my leaden rain!
I scorn your profferred treaty!
The pale-face I defy!
Rel'enge is stamped upon my spear.
And "blood" my battle-cry!
orne strike for hope of booty;
Some to defend their all ;
I battle for the joy I have
To see the white man fall;
1 101'e. among the wounded,
To hear his dying moan,
And catch. while chanting at his side.
The music of his groan.
Ye've trailed me through the forest!
Ye'\'e tracked me o'er the stream!
And struggling through the Everglade,
Your bristl ing bayonets gleam;
But 1 stand as should the warrior,
With his rifle and his spear;
The scalp of "engence still is red,
And warns ye, come not here!
Think ye to find my homestead?
I gave it to the fire.
l\ly tawny household do ye seek?
I am a childless sire.
But should you crave life's nourishment,
Enough I hal'e and good;
I he on hate, -'tis all my bread;
Yet light is not ~ ) ' food.
I loathe ye in my bosom!
I scorn ye with mine eye!
And I'll taunt ye with my latest breath,
And fight ye till I die!
1 ne'er will ask for quarter,
And I ne'er will be your sl"'e;
But I'll swim the sea of slaughter
Till I sink beneath its wave!
@]
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TDoing
more than
the Average is
what keeps the
Average down