PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE HAVE + V3 Usage: 1. indefinite past actions (were not saying exactly when) e.g.

Ive bought a new house (Mi-am cumprat o cas nou) vs. I bought the house last year (definite past action) I bought the house after all (implied definite) 2. recent past actions e.g. She has just gone out ( Tocmai a ieit) - a short time ago). American English uses Past Simple here.

3. indefinite past actions which have consequences in the present e.g. Ive sprained my ankle (I cannot play football today) 4. states which started in the past and still continue e.g. How long have you two known each other? Ive lived here all my life (permanent) vs. Ive been living here for 5 years (temporary) experiences in our life e.g. Ive never liked fish. Shes visited France twice this year. Ive read a hundred pages so far. Ive yet to see a better footballer than Hagi.

5.

Adverbs & Phrases mainly used with Present Perfect - never, ever, already, recently, lately, just, for, since, always, it is/this is the first (second) timenever, before, never...before, today, this week, so far, yet (?/-), still TIME MARKERS often used with Past Simple or The Present Perfect (HAVE/HAS + V3) - this week e.g. The summer holiday has begun this week. - just e.g. I have just bought an umbrella. - today e.g. She has borrowed money from the bank today. - When e.g. She came back when I left. - Already e.g. We have already dealt with Present perfect. - Recently e.g. I have recently bought an evening dress. - not.yet e.g. I havent revised for the test yet. - Never e.g. I have never been to London. - last week e.g. I didnt do my homework last week. - Yesterday e.g. My manager closed a very important deal yesterday. - .ever? Have you ever run for president? Have you ever played the lottery? Since Friday ( de vineri) e.g. I havent eaten since Friday. In 2007 e.g. I got married in 2007. Three hours ago e.g. I came to class 3 hours ago. For two days e.g. I have had a terrible headache for two days. How long?

How long did you live there? I lived there for two years then we moved to London. How long have you lived there? Ive lived there all my life ( I still live there)

e.g. 1. I have not seen her today vs I did not see her today. 2. She has recently moved out/ She recently moved out (A.E) 3. I have never seen him/ I never saw him (A.E) 4. Ive been here for two days vs We lived there for two years. STATE VERBS (verbe care arata o stare) are not usually used in continuous forms - Be, seem, appear, become - Have, own, owe, belong, contain, consist - Think, believe, suppose, consider, guess, imagine - Smell, hear, taste e.g. I think you are right. The perfume smells sweet.

+ She has lost her glasses (She cannot read) Vs She lost her glasses during the football game/ yesterday ? Have you ever eaten snails? - I have never/ havent eaten snails.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS HAVE+BEEN+V-ing Usage: 1. incomplete actions e.g. Ive been ironing since morning and I havent finished yet. 2. situations lasting up to the present moment e.g. Ive been waiting for you for an hour. Where have you been? 3. focus on the duration of an activity e.g. Shes been lying in bed all day. What have you been doing? (emphasis on the action) vs. What have you done? 4. recently completed activity which has obvious results in the present e.g. Have you been crying? (Your eyes are red) Someone has been sleeping in my bed! 5. temporarily repeated action e.g. My teacher has been talking to my mother lately.