ES

HAIHE RIVER, TIANJIN, CHINA

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

FINAL CONCEPT M ASTER PLAN FOR DIGHI PORT INDUSTRIAL AREA

Chapter ES:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Finally, AECOMs expertise is applied further in this report through recommendations for sustainable development and industrial programming with sensitivity to air quality concerns; details about infrastructure demand and provisions; transport demand analysis and suggestions for upgrading and new programmes; and recommendations for socially sensitive programmes and environmental management programmes. All of these topics are captured in this report as summarised below.

ES.1 Plan Purpose and Scope

The Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (DMICDC) plans to develop several 100-square kilometres to 200-square-kilometre investment regions/industrial areas. One of the investment regions identified is in the Dighi Port Industrial Area (Dighi Port IA or DPIA). New and innovative, world-class Greenfield townshipsnew citieswill be developed within this investment region. The objectives for the project have been evolving based on frequent discussions and consultations; Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) intends to create a huge industrial area in Raigad that would drive the development of a larger investment region. Supportive residential, commercial, and institutional uses are to be provided based on industry-driven demand and integrated into a comprehensive concept master plan that includes a strategy, framework, and concept plan. The Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development Corporations (DMICDC) global vision is to create and market Greenfield integrated industrial townships that would be eventually recognized as world-class citieswithin this larger industrial area at Dighi Port (Raigad). In this report AECOM has provided the overall framework and recommendations for the Dighi Port IA based on the previously completed baseline analysis and the approved area delineation for this project. This report includes overall recommendations for achieving sustainability and responding to environmental sensitivity; land use programming for industrial and nonindustrial uses at the site; a check for compliance with Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) objectives; conceptual master planning; a discussion of subsequent detailed demand and recommendations for transportation and infrastructure; and recommendations for Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) and environmental mitigation. All the assessments and recommendations come together in a comprehensive programme translated into a concept master plan. The plan does all of the following:
broadly describes land use areas; provides details of saleable versus non-saleable land; and offers recommendations for industry clusters, residential communities complete with commercial mixed use and institutional support, and specific densities; and estimates the population and employment generated by the Dighi Port IA.

ES.2 Development Strategy and Vision

ES.2.1 Overall Strategy and Vision

Urbanisation is creating tremendous pressures on the environment, the worlds economies, and our social organisations. For the first time in history, more than half of the worlds population now lives in urban areas, many without adequate clean water, sanitation, housing, or health facilities. The rapid and continuing urbanisation has created congestion, pollution, energy consumption, and waste. In short, existing urban development cannot provide a sustainable quality of life for our communities. In India, there is a trend towards the simultaneous development of several new towns and cities with the objective of providing more service related jobs owing to a growing and fast industrializing population. Competition is stiff and only the innovative cities are able to compete domestically and globally. Globally, new urban patterns are emerging for the 21st century based on a strategy of sustainable, smart growth. These new global cities are economic regions that are interconnected on a world scale and follow the principles of sustainable development. Smart growth principles, good growth, or sustainable developmentwhatever the terminology, the goal is the same: to preserve and enhance the quality of life for the citizens of a given region. Smart growth achieves this goal by promoting a sense of community in new and expanding regions while protecting the integrity and vitality of existing communities, thereby strengthening the region as a whole. The following concepts of good growth have been widely accepted to encourage more livable communities and with the scale of our Dighi Port IA, being larger than some cities in the world, it makes sense to apply some of these good growth principles:
Ensure regional distribution of employment in new urban centres. Create integrated communities places to work, live, play, learn and celebrate life. Provide a variety of transportation choices and transit-oriented development patterns. Provide a mix of land uses. Provide a mix of demand driven and zoned industrial clusters. Provide a jobs-housing balance. Offer a mix of housing choices and opportunities including for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS). Take advantage of compact development patterns. Use existing assetseconomic, social, and environmental. Preserve open space, farmland, and natural beauty through conservation of natural resources. Encourage distinctive, attractive communities with quality design for people. Provide integrated and innovative or state-of-the-art infrastructure systems that improve overall efficiency.
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The concept master plan also follows a three-phase programme of 10-year periods20122022, 20222032, and 20322042beginning at 2012 to correspond with the beginning of Indias 12th Plan period. These phases are fixed following the fixed periods, however, these provides flexibility to the implementing agency or development company, to develop portions of these phases as they see fit or depending on resources.

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Design smart-intelligent cities with integrated communication systems and technologies to help control and manage services and systems (e.g., energy, transportation). Create walkable, comfortable, pedestrian-oriented places.

located within it. As such, the Dighi Port IA is expected to generate huge employment and to add value and exports to the Raigad District and Maharashtra as a whole.

DMICMCs vision is to strengthen the Indian economy by creating state-of-the-art infrastructure and a globally competitive environment that activates local commerce, increases foreign investment, and promotes sustainable development through several large-scale developments. AECOMs concept master plan and program is a direct translation of this vision. ES.2.2 Economic Development Strategy

ES.3 Concept Plan Framework and Guiding Principles

The master plan for the Dighi Port IA envisions an integrated new sustainable township in the western Maharashtra region, Raigad District will set precedents for domino effect of smart growth developments in India including those in Aurangabad, Nashik and Dhule. Seven key planning principles have been established to achieve this overall vision as well as within the context of the District: Compact Development Develop a series of high-tech transit-oriented centres, introducing a new city center for Raigad, while also allowing for growth towards existing city centers. But also within Dighi Port IA have smaller city pockets having their own commercial center and supportive residential communities. Livable CommunitiesCreate a high-quality environment in which people can work and live with minimal commute but available transits. ConnectivityEstablish a well-connected system of transportation services integrating the districts of industries with housing in the existing cities of Raigad. At the convergence of Dighi Port IAs two highways NH 17 and the main alignment a new bus terminal / multi-modal terminal (not far from the proposed rail station) will be created to ensure seamless commute. IdentityEstablish an identity by defining distinct districts across the Dighi Port IA, a distinct character and marketing point from the recommended industries mix, with a vibrant centre and a range of densities and built forms expressing the unique cultural heritage. SustainabilitySet a precedent for sustainable development by protecting the ecological landscape, promoting clean industries, promoting the use of industry management systems (ecoindustrial park), using renewable energy and encouraging sustainable social development. Natural HeritageRespect and respond to the unique natural heritage of the area through the creation of a robust open space framework. The open space framework sets-apart the development of a compact and dense development with humane open space pockets. Pedestrian-Oriented DevelopmentPromote a walkable community with a clear hierarchy of streets. Roads with sidewalks and dedicated bicycle lanes reduce induced traffic and improve the scale for pedestrians. They provide direct, safe, and attractive routes for pedestrians and cyclists as well as other vehicles.

The Dighi Port Industrial Area (Dighi Port IA) will be an important industrial, commercial town and logistics node within the state of Maharashtra, the entire Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor. The following development strategies have been identified:
Build on Maharashtras strengths in industry. Attract foreign and domestic investment for economic development. Balance growth in the service sector. Generate export revenues and substitute for manufactured imports. Link industrial development with commercial, residential, and social development. Provide a program for smart phased development with positive economic returns.

ES.2.3

Economic Vision

The broad vision for the Dighi Port IA is to become an industrial and engineering mega-scale green city with the following principles:
Global port and trading hub Eco-Industrial Parks and innovative industrial clusters. Heavy manufacturing and engineering duo Environmentally green technology industrial city. Export center free trad`e/special economic zone State-of-the-art logistics and IT systems

AECOM has aligned the vision for the Dighi Port IA with DMICMCs vision and strategies. Raigad has significant potential for growth in a number of existing and upcoming manufacturing sectors. Raigad District is already an established location for heavy industries- chemicals and chemical products, basic metals and alloy industries and rubber, plastics, petroleum and coal products. Raigad will be the distinct manufacturing hub for heavy industries merged with technologies and innovative systems eco-industrial park systems and green industries. It will be the innovative green city within the state. Raigads non-central location for the Dighi Port IA places it at a focal point for leapfrogging Maharashtras production and manufacturing of heavy industries, engineering and ports/logistics related. Proximity to Mumbai and Pune given transport extensions places it at an advantage in terms of regional and domestic consumer markets from Mumbai and Pune The Dighi Port IA will spur demand for a wide array of spin-off businesses and will offer the full array of services required and facilities to support a mega-scale industrial area and the communities

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ES.4 Summary of Existing Conditions and Recommendations

ES.4.1 Macroeconomic Conditions

Raigad forms part of an identified region of western Maharashtra. The 10 districts of Western Maharashtra constitutes 29% of the States total land area and 46% of the states total population. western Maharashtra typically have higher densities and better literacy rates than districts

FINAL CONCEPT M ASTER PLAN FOR DIGHI PORT INDUSTRIAL AREA

elsewhere in the state, reflecting the higher level of urbanisation and faster urbanization rate. The states urban population is relatively large at 41 million and is expected to grow even more with the planned new investment regions such as the proposed Dighi Port IA. With Maharashtra already recognised as Indias industrial powerhouse, it is expected that western Maharashtra and its districts will remain strong drivers of industrial development, especially automobile production, information technology, engineering, food, paper, and textiles. However, there remains stiff competition from neighbouring statesUttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu. Several districts have shown huge potential, and as a result have become attractive investment destinations; this trend is expected to continue, with these districts attracting the highest amounts of foreign direct investment in India. Within Maharashtra, Raigad currently possesses a notable presence in engineering and heavy industry manufacturing sectors, particularly metals and alloys, chemicals and related products and, rubbers, plastics, petroleum and coal. Raigad is, however, looking at the same industries but its light to medium counterparts. Apart from this there is the potential to introduce some specialty/light industrial manufacturing, including electrical food and beverages which are resource-based industries that have increased demand with the increase in consumers and consumptions. The proposed Dighi Port IA is well positioned to leverage its competitive advantages to promote economic development with the focus of increasing industrial activity and employment, urbanisation, the creation of new satellite cities, and increased public-private investments. ES.4.2 Market Conditions

three decades, with the districts share of Maharashtras industrial output increasing to 13.3% and valued at 8,374 billion Indian rupees (INR). ES.4.3 Population and Land Use

Raigads urban population is expected to grow from 700 thousand to over 3.5 million over 30 years. The Dighi Port IA will be a major urban centre, and total population in the Raigad District will reach 7.2 million by 2042. Projected industrial activities at the Dighi Port IA are expected to generate 367,430 direct industrial jobs (57% of the districts total industrial jobs created in 30 years) and close to a million jobs in total. These numbers have already excluded heavily polluting industries. There will be three major industrial clustersthe Engineering Cluster, Heavy Industry Cluster and Food Park/Food Processing Parkfor a total industrial land demand of 12,020 hectares (ha). Because in Raigad, there are few established cities with existing ample residential developments, it is estimated that there will be an 83% jobs/housing balance, or 83% of the working population of the Dighi Port IA will live on-site. At the structure plan level approximately 6,800 hectares has been estimated for pure nonindustrial uses, specifically residential, commercial, civic, and mixed use including internal roads and open space. Approximately 52% of the total land demand of 13,240 hectares has been estimated as pure saleable land. Provisions have been made for ample master plan/regional-level roads, open space, and utilities.
Table ES-1 Land Use Summary
Phase 1 2011-2022
Population (3 years ahead) % of Total Land Area Distribution Sale-able Land Area (Ha.) R1. Low Density Residential R2. Medium Density Residential R3. High Density Residential R4. Industrial Housing Residential Mixed Use (Resi w/ Commercial) Civic Facilities (Prototype Level) Civic Facilities (District Level) C1. Office, R&D Park C2. Commercial Districts (CBD/Gov't Ctr) C3. Shopping Center Retail Subtotal Sale-able Non-Industrial Land Area

Maharashtras share of the service sector is increasing, but manufacturing remains a strong source of employment. Gross state domestic product (GSDP) has more than doubled in 10 years, consistently contributing about 13%14% to Indias national income, with the industrial sector accounting for approximately 30% of GDSP and services accounting for more than 50%. Although the share of Maharashtras GSDP from the industrial sector is less than the share from services, in relative terms industry grew at approximately 12% per year. A strong industrial promotion and development policy should consider opportunities for development in the service sector; pairing industrial growth with implicit growth affects the service sectors while continuing to improve capabilities and capacities. Exports should be kept steadfast. For Raigad the target should be state-of-the-art high efficiency systems applied to traditional engineering and heavy industries that could both result in high-value exports and less pollutive industries while also encouraging highvalue services. The Dighi Port IA should be programmed to be very attractive to domestic and foreign investors where these are accompanied by attractive incentives. Historically, Raigads competitive industry advantage has been in rubber, plastic, petroleum and coal products, chemicals, and machinery and equipment; however, other resource-based industries (e.g., food processing) are also emerging as strong industries. The Dighi Port IA will capitalise on Maharashtras strengths and capacities, improving skills and job options to keep the state strong in manufacturing. AECOM assumes that the proposed Dighi Port IA will capture about 50% of the Raigad Districts new industrial employment. With improved infrastructure and completion of a targeted stimulus plan, Raigad districts industrial output has a potential to grow 33 times in the next

Dighi IR Summary of Land Use Mix

Phase 2 2023-2032
1,001,920 51%

Phase 3 2033-2042
1,984,000 100%

382,912 19%

180 240 50 60 100 110 70 20 20 4 850

470 620 130 150 280 300 230 70 50 15 2,320

940 1,230 250 300 560 590 430 180 100 40 4,620

4% 5% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 1% 0.4% 0.2% 18%

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Plus: Sale-able Industrial Land Area Total Sale-able Land Area Non-Sale-able Land Area (Ha.) Non-Industrial Internal Roads & Open Space Industrial Internal Roads & Open Space Plus: Developed Open Space (1) Plus: Masterplan Roads and Utilities
Total Non-Sale-able Land Area

1,970 2,820

4,720 7,040

8,440 13,000

34% 52%

both residential and commercial support for the major industrial uses along the employment corridor. The new mixed-use centres are organised in a hierarchy of sizes and intensities, from neighbourhood centres to district centres and a major communitywide centre. The communitywide, mixed-use city centre is conceived as the downtown for the community in the area of Indapur. This centre will have the highest density and intensity of uses and will be a major transport hub. It will include shopping, offices, services, civic functions, housing, and other uses serving the entire community. The proposed framework of high-intensity, compact development will preserve green buffers between the urban areas central to Dighi Greenfield Integrated Industrial Township. The development pattern will promote higher residential densities in and around activity centres and Raigads new residential neighbourhoods, balanced with generous publicly accessible green spaces to promote a healthy community and support a modern transportation system, including public transit.

360 850 600 800 2,610 5,400

990 2,020 1,490 1,980 6,480 13,500

1,980 3,610 2,760 3,670 12,000 25,000

8% 14% 11% 15% 48% 100%

Total Land Area (Ha.)

Source: AECOM

ES.4.4

Concept Master Plan

The Dighi Port IA will be developed as a new industrial and integrated township enclave, according to a comprehensive land use framework following international standards. The Dighi Port IA will offer ample real estate, parks and open space, public transportation, pedestrian and bicycle trails, and other amenities. This new industrial area will extend from the new Dighi Port IA from the east to the west crossing NH 17. Located in Dighi Port IA, just 1015 kilometres (km) from Roha and about 15-20 kilometres from Panvel, it is located along Indapur, Mangaon, Ville villages. The industrial location is strategically positioned and directly connected to the major state highway NH 17, and the Konkan rail network. The area will provide direct connections through the east of the Dighi Port IA to the port and northwards to Mumbai. Additional lateral roads and new bypasses are proposed along the entire site. Because of the industrial areas connectivity, visibility, and strategic location, the area will provide an ideal site for investment and employment growth for years to come. The Dighi Port IA will be the major industrial employment centre serving the region. Wide-ranging industrial and employment uses are envisioned: manufacturing and processing, warehousing and distribution, agricultural support, research and development, commercial and business district that support local industries, social amenities and convenience services for the worker population. Because the needs of different types of industries will vary, the industrial districts of the Dighi Port IA will be organised to allow compatible and mutually supporting industries and businesses to locate near one another, while providing adequate buffers to separate industries that should be located away from one another and from residential neighbourhoods.
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The layout of the Dighi Port IA is envisioned as an industrial corridor with a hierarchy of mixed-use centres supporting the major industrial employment sectors, connected through a multimodal transportation system. The major land uses along the corridor, as shown in Figure 4-19 in Chapter IV, Dighi Port Industrial Area Master Plan Concept, consist of a variety of industrial clusters. Housing for the workforce will be provided primarily by new residential communities equipped with the necessary civic facilities within the new city of Raigad adjacent to the identified new industrial clusters. However, smaller, mixed-use centres are positioned within the industrial corridor to provide

FINAL CONCEPT M ASTER PLAN FOR DIGHI PORT INDUSTRIAL AREA

Figure ES-1: Land Use

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Source; AECOM

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To implement the Dighi Port IA, the vision will require a policy, regulatory, and administrative structure that assures orderly and comprehensive master planning and development of the new city according to these world-class standards and guidelines. Many of these standards will build on the Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation (UDPFI) Guidelines. Additional implementation guidance will be necessary. The master plan discussed in this report should be adopted as the guideline for developing the entire Dighi Port IA in a phased manner. It will be important to develop the Dighi Port IA according to a master plan that specifies phasing, with infrastructure developed concurrently with the development of buildings and neighbourhoods that rely on that infrastructure to function properly. An infrastructure and transport master plan component of the overall master plan for the Dighi Port IA will assure that necessary infrastructure is identified, funded, and provided as development occurs. ES.4.5 Sustainability

corridor starts at the termination point of the proposed first corridor and moves on the westward direction and runs northwards parallel to both the Konkan railway and proposed first corridor and move northwards and runs parallel corridor 2 on the north section of Dighi Port IA. Traffic flow/demand has been estimated following assumptions wherein the entire Dighi Port IA was divided into 140 smaller zones based on land uses. OriginDestination (OD) analyses were prepared between zones using population, employment, and trip rate data. Based on the analyses, a modal split of 70% public transport and 30% private transport is recommended. A network plan has also been proposed based on estimated trip density. Based on the traffic analysis, the major roads at the central portion of Dighi Port IA NH-17 will attract the highest traffic because of the concentration of residential use and industrial areas planned along this link. AECOM has recommended an Intelligent Transportation System programme to build intelligence into the transportation system as traffic increases over time and encourage use of public transport. The Indapur-Mangaon stretch of the Konkan railway corridor passes through the Dighi Port IA. A railway line that connects Dighi Port with the Konkan railway corridor is proposed. This line will be mainly for carrying freight traffic and will have railway siding facilities that connect Dighi Port IA with the central, northern and southern hinterland of Maharashtra. ES.4.7 Physical Infrastructure

Development of the Dighi Port IA presents an opportunity to demonstrate that sustainability can be coupled with improved quality of life and new business opportunities. The Dighi Port IA is intended to be a pioneer and showcase of sustainability, not only in Maharashtra, but throughout India. Three sets of guidelines have been identified in order to achieve this. The first guideline focuses on overall development strategy towards site selection and design. Second is on the residential and commercial districts and the third refers to the industrial component of Dighi Port IA. ES.4.6 Transportation

Dighi is well connected by both road and rail services. Dighi is served by NH-17 and by State Highways 92, 95, 96, 97 and 98 (SH-92, SH-95, SH-96, SH-97 and SH-98) NH-17 connects Dighi to Mumbai in the north and Goa in the south correspondingly, it also connects Dighi with other major port cities of southern India and NH-17 is the major link that takes traffic from all major ports that lie on the west coast. The State Highways also connect Dighi Port IA with the western parts of Maharashtra via NH-17. Dighi Port IA is connected by the Konkan railway and the nearest railway lines are Indapur and Mangaon. The Roha-Pen link which is solely for goods movement is also near Dighi Port IA. In terms of air connectivity, Dighi Port IA is not well connected; the nearest airports are in Mumbai and Pune. AECOM has recommended a conceptual transportation system evaluating internal circulation, external access, and internal road layouts at the district level. The road circulation proposed provides for safe, convenient, and efficient movement of people and goods integrated into a motorised and non-motorised transport system following a hierarchy of road networks. Public transport will include both a bus and mass rapid rail system serving commuters and the maximum extent of the Dighi Port IA. The mass rapid rail transit system has three corridors The first corridor starts from the south-western end of the Dighi Port IA moving northwards and passing the creek portion and crosses the Konkan corridor and moves further east to the residential corridor. Second corridor starts from the Agardanda and crosses the Konkan railway corridor and moves to the east. It moves along a straight route and serves the western and eastern peripheries. The third

As summarised below, the proposed design strategy for Dighi Port IA includes systems for water supply and distribution, wastewater management, flood and stormwater management, solid waste management and disposal, power transmission and distribution, and telecommunications. Water Supply and Distribution Per capita water demand, industrial water demand, sewage generated and treated, wastewater generation, percentage of total water demand, demand for nonpotable water by nonindustrial uses, and water demand for open spaces and roads were calculated. Freshwater requirements by 2042 are estimated at 505 million litres per day (MLD), which will be subsidised using treated wastewater. As such, treated water could account for 45% of total water demand. Water Sources Kundlika River flowing through the town of Roha has been identified as the water source for Dighi Port IA. MIDC has been allocated 138 MLD, of which 45 MLD is the unutilized quantum available from the existing reservation. Given the required demand of 102 MLD for Phase 1, only 44% of the freshwater demand can be met. MIDC requires 70 MLD which can be sourced from Padwan Dam. Two proposed hydropower projects at Kar and Kombhe will provide 200 MLD to meet the partial water demand for Phase 2 and 3. Sea water is proposed as a source of water to meet the partial water demand in Phase 3; sea water desalination plant was also proposed.

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FINAL CONCEPT M ASTER PLAN FOR DIGHI PORT INDUSTRIAL AREA

Intake and Raw-Water Transmission Main An intake with required capacity is proposed to be constructed on Kundlika River and Padwan Dam and raw-water storage equivalent to 1 days water demand for Phase 1 and 3 of the project will be created on a 3-ha site for Phase 1 and adjacent, an additional 3-ha site for Phase 3. Additional 3-ha will be required for Phase 2. Water Treatment Plant AECOM has proposed a conventional water treatment plant using a unit process of coagulation followed by flocculation, settling, and filtration. There will be a total of three water treatment plants: for Phase 1 with a capacity of 126 MLD, for Phase 2 a plant with a capacity of 110 MLD, and for Phase 3 with a capacity of 110 MLD. Area required is 2.5 3 hectares for each. Desalination Plant AECOM recommends a desalination plant with a150 MLD capacity to meet the demand for Phase 2 and 3. Sea water from the Arabian Sea is the water source and will be treated through available desalination technologies. Potable Water Distribution Network AECOM recommends a twin pipeline water distribution system to meet the demand of 505 MLD. The water distribution system will follow a looped system and will be designed using a system of continuous pressurisation to provide water 24 hours a day. Water supply will be provided by zones, using suitable district metered areas. Wastewater Management System Domestic and industrial wastewater generated will be treated separately. The wastewater from industries and sewage from the residential areas will be treated in a common effluent treatment plant and sewage treatment plant, respectively. AECOM has estimated wastewater and sewage generated at the Dighi Port IA to be 461 MLD and 380 MLD, respectively. Approximately 32.5 has. of land will be required by Phase 3. The projected demand for recycled water in Phase 1 is 136 MLD and because the demand will increase over time, a common effluent treatment plant will be constructed in phases. A recycledwater system will be designed to meet the demand for recycled water by industries. Flood and Stormwater Management System The site of the proposed Dighi Port IA experiences significant rainfall and since there are no major rivers in the area, and due to insufficient capacities of the drainage system, substantial localized flooding is most likely to occur. AECOM has provided an initial flood analysis and prevention strategy; this strategy includes an analysis of the frequency of daily rainfall, a flood simulation, and a hydraulic design to accommodate the 100-year flood.

Solid Waste ManagementDisposal and Land Requirements AECOM has provided an analysis of waste-generating sources, quantities of waste, and waste management activities (storage, collection, segregation, treatment, and final disposal). The solid waste management plan for the Dighi Port IA is expected to set a benchmark for management of green developments. Waste generation has been estimated using factors depending on specific land uses. AECOM estimates waste generation in Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3 to be 980 tonnes per day (TPD), 2,388 TPD, and 4,307 TPD, respectively. A solid waste management programme has been developed in compliance with the Municipal Solid Waste Rules 2000 and the Hazardous Wastes Rules 2008. The programme asserts the practice of waste segregation and provision of suitable bins/containers. A broad collection of municipal waste system is recommended that uses pneumatic automated collection and transportation, door-to-door collection, kerbside collection, block collection, and a community bin system; a secondary waste collection and transportation system is also suggested. The industrial waste collection and transportation systems will be separate. Thermal, biological, and physical techniques were considered for processing of solid waste. AECOM recommends the following technologies for the treatment of municipal solid waste: a compost plant and landfill (Phase 1), biomethanation plant (Phase 2), and plasma arc gasification (Phase 3). AECOM recommends the following technologies for the treatment of industrial waste: a landfill and incineration plant (Phase 1) and plasma arc gasification (Phases 2 and 3). A total of 62 ha will be required for solid waste management facilities for municipal and industrial waste. Of this total, 50.8 ha will be required in Phase 1, 5.6 ha in Phase 2, and 5.6 ha in Phase 3. Power Transmission and Distribution AECOM has provided a realistic forecast of electricity demand for the Dighi Port IA applying a flexible and modular approach to the power distribution and transmission system. Power demand was estimated based on the different land usesindustrial, residential, commercial, civic, open space, roads, and utilities. The load requirements corresponding to each phase are 1,536 megawatts (MW) (2022), 3,803 MW (2032), and 7,085 MW (2042). AECOM has further estimated the power requirements for industrial use at 5,614 MW (maximum) or 5,049 MW (coincident). This supports the total land area of 12,020 ha of industrial land and respective industry types. For residential use, estimated power requirements by 2042 are 2,669 MW (maximum) and 1,601 MW (coincident), accounting for 5,440 ha of residential land. For commercial use, the power requirements by 2042 are 335 MW (maximum) and 245 MW (coincident), accounting for 3.869 million square metres of gross floor area. For civic uses, open space, and roads, the power requirements by 2042 are 219 MW (maximum) and 189 MW (coincident), accounting for 6,860 ha. The power demand projection is based on a forward-looking estimate of 30 years. The present development plan for Maharashtras power system and the national grid in place only support year 2022 demands. This requirement does not justify setting up a dedicated captive power plant and power will draw from the grid. Six major sourcing points have been identified, for 2009 2010 are Chakan (400 kilovolts [kV]) and at Lonikand II (existing 4000 kV), for 2010 2011 are Hinjewadi
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substation (400 kV), Vile Baghad (220 kV) and at Yeolewadi-VSNL Dighi (220 kV) and at Pune substation (765/400kV 2 x 1500 megavolt amperes) proposed for 2012 2014. Dighi constitutes about 71% industries and 29% residential and commercial use. Thus, the lowtension load requirement is about 30%40% of the load, which can be addressed by renewable sources of energy. Buildings will follow Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) requirements for residential and commercial buildings. Power requirements for the low-tension load and other emergency lighting requirements will be resolved through solar power. Telecommunications AECOM has reviewed the existing telecommunications network with so that the Dighi Port IA can provide a reliable, high-quality telecom access network for communication of voice, data, video, and other information and explore the opportunity to increase the telecom bandwidth and install a wellintegrated telecommunications network. AECOM recommends digitalisation of the telecommunications network, introducing digital transmission and switching components in the network. The final digitalisation of the subscriber lines is expected to open up future possibilities to connect a wide variety of digital equipment and subscribers premises such as data terminals, telefax, and teletex. The optical fibre communication system will be advanced to an integrated services digital network (ISDN). By using sophisticated coding techniques, bit rates in access of 2 megabits per second (Mbps) can be carried on copper, opening up the possibility of delivering other future services. Higher bandwidth will be provided given specific requirements to address future demand. A highcapacity fibre backbone network provided underground along state and national highways will be integrated with the transmission lines. Telecom modernisation will be provided for Internet use and faster broadband, expanding the reach of public telephones, and concentrating infrastructure for shared connectivity. Telecom demand for the Dighi Port IA has been estimated based on the proposed gross floor area. The projected demands for telecom capacity for 20332042 are 3,170 STM-1 for industrial use and 1,632 STM-1 for residential and commercial uses. AECOM recommends installing optical fibre cable (OFC) and optical power ground wire (OPGW) (24 F/48 F) underground along the roads. It should be noted that all telecom operators that have licenses for Maharashtra have the right to provide telecom services in the Dighi Port IA.

In the cash flow projection land acquisition costs, capital expenditures for infrastructure, total development costs were calculated and adjusted with inflation. Some factors for pre-operation expenses, operations and management and marketing expenses figure into the model. The cash flow also shows the project phasing is mostly reflective of interconnection of land acquisition, with construction and finally land sales. The land sales strategy is that Phase 1 extends from 2012 to 2022, Phase 2 from 2022 to 2032, and Phase 3 from 2032 to 2042. Land acquisition is assumed to be typically three years ahead of each Phase. AECOMs cash flow results reveal that approximately 54% of projects will be public/private partnerships (PPPs) and the rest will be non-PPP projects. The assumption is that for PPP projects, the private sector will get additional viability gap funding of 20%. The number of and type of PPP projects could increase over time; after Phase 2. With projects assumed as PPP, the total capital expenditure for infrastructure required for Phase 1goes down to INR 1,885 crores from the previous estimate of INR 4,043 crores. This can be fully covered by the Government of India fund of INR 2,500 crores (equivalent to 69% of the fund available). The cost of Phase 1 land acquisition of INR 1,001 crores would be funded by the State Government to cover land acquisition and form its equity participation in the development of the Dighi Port IA. As such, total equity contribution from the Government of India is INR 2,500 crores, equivalent to 69%, and the Government of Maharashtra (MIDC)l contributing 31% or approximately INR 1,147 crores (adjusted with inflation). With a debt-equity ratio of 2, the total debt assumed is INR 9,804 crores. The sale of the land will be the primary source of revenue and debt servicing, which will start from the 4th year of the project cycle (i.e., 2015) and end by 2023. Based on revenue assumptions, approximately 52% of the land is considered purely saleable for industrial, residential, commercial, and civic uses. Total saleable land goes up to 74% when sales of land for roads, utilities, and open space to the private sector are considered. Approximately 21% of saleable land will be disposed of by Phase 1 (2022), 33% by Phase 2 (2032), and 46% by Phase 3 (2042). Sales from Phase 1 is expected to generate a cash surplus enough to cover additional land acquisition for Phase 2 and Phase 3. The highest closing balance estimated in 2042 is INR 7,074 crores given the higher land premiums by then. By 2042, there will be a net cashflow of INR 4,748 crores. Overall, the project can expect an IRR of 18% over the plan period of 2012-2042.

ES.5 Block Cost Estimates and Cash Flow

AECOM has worked out the financial cash flow using MIDCs land acquisition costs and the block cost estimates prepared in-house for trunk infrastructure and internal infrastructure. Estimated land acquisition costs come to INR 7,500 crores. Based on estimates, total capital expenditures for infrastructure for Phase 1 (2022) are INR 4,043 crores; for Phase 2 (2032), INR 7,083 crores; and for Phase 3 (2042), INR 15,637 crores. Phase 3 has the highest capital expenditure requirement. AECOMs block cost estimates for capital expenditures across all three phases is INR 26,762 crores. The overall strategy is for the majority of the land acquisition and internal infrastructure to be implemented by the Government and for the majority of the infrastructure to be implemented through public-private-participation (PPP).

ES.6 Broad Development Model

AECOM has identified the key players in the planning and approval of the Dighi Port IA. The mandate of DMICDC and MIDC was reviewed alongside the actions of other agencies in Maharashtra to identify gaps and bottlenecks impeding project implementation. Case studies of other development models have been presented to allow an understanding of best practices following the concept of a joint stock development company in charge of developing large-scale developments. The recommendation for the Dighi Port IA is to set up a joint stock mother company composed mostly of the Government of India and the Government of Maharashtra, pooling together a revolving

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FINAL CONCEPT M ASTER PLAN FOR DIGHI PORT INDUSTRIAL AREA

fund. The revolving fund operates under a combined equity/debt/debt service facility used to set up several other SPVs following a long list of priority projects. Either this SPV will be an expansion of MIDCs existing roles and responsibilities, with MIDC still having a dominant role, or a multiplestakeholder group or new development company will be set up. This development company will be composed of several departmentsland development (industrial and real estate), civic facilities/institutions, and infrastructurewith revenues derived from land sales, construction, and user fees. Apart from having planning and development components, the SPV should have regulatory, marketing/public relations, land sales, legal/executive, fund management, PPP special project, monitoring, and evaluation functions.

ES.7 Marketing Strategy

AECOM recommends a six-stage marketing strategy for the Dighi Port IA:
Formulate the marketing and public relations team. Engage in smart business planning and determine project phasing. Practice economic common sense. Assess and prepare attractive parcel packages. Assemble a technical support team (presales and postsales). Obtain policy support at the national and state levels.

AECOM has provided for a Dighi Port IA marketing framework and programme that identifies key items under the following programme:
What to market involves knowing the product, allowing the formulation of project packages under four main categoriesland development, infrastructure, civic/institutional, and special projects. Who will market recommends having a dedicated marketing group that will focus on key products and key representatives (stakeholders), understanding the target client groups domestically and internationally, and creating a tailor-fitted programme that involves participation in conferences, sales exhibitions, and roadshows. When to market emphasises the importance of coordinated phasing for land acquisition, land development, construction, and land sales, and tying in this phasing with the respective budgets and funds.

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SITE ASSESSMENT, M ARKET ANALYSIS, GAP ASSESSMENT & CONCEPT PLAN FOR MEGA INDUSTRIAL PARK AT AURANGABAD

CHAPTER 0: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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