Study Guide Test #2 Art History

#6 Martin Luther- was a German monk, former Catholic priest, professor of theology and seminal figure of a reform movement in sixteenth century Christianity, subsequently known as the Protestant Reformation. Protestant Reformation- after the Black Death the Reformation began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church, by priests who opposed what they perceived as false doctrines and ecclesiastic malpractice. The council of Trent- One of the Catholic Church's most important councils. Re-affirmed its use of religious art as an educational and devotional tool. As a result many artists began to move away from the unsettling Mannerist style and moved towards a thematically clearer, but still very elaborate Baroque style. The counter reformation- was the period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent (15451563) and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War (1648), which is sometimes considered a response to the Protestant Reformation.

Baroque part 1 #7 The Baroque- is a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance and music. The style began around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe.

The classical (or Classicism or classicizing)- The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained, balanced and complete. Saint Teresa of Avila- was a prominent Spanish mystic, Roman Catholic saint, Carmelite nun, and writer of the Counter Reformation. Two strains baroque style painting of the classical & The caravaggesque: Tenebrism- Objects that are foreshortened (Complex chiaroscuro) Adding depth. Foreshortening- Foreshortening is a technique used in perspective to create the illusion of an object receding strongly into the distance or background. History painting- one of the major genres of the fine arts, depicting historical events and personages and socially significant phenomena in the history of society. Landscape paining- is the depiction of natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests, and especially art where the main subject is a wide view, with its elements arranged into a coherent composition

Baroque part 2 #8 Genre Painting- is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, and street scenes. May be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist.

Still life- Representation of inanimate objects, such as flowers or fruit, in painting or photography. Camera obscura- is an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings on a screen. It is used in drawing and for entertainment, and was one of the inventions that led to photography and the camera. Louis XIV- was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France and Navarre Impasto- The process or technique of laying on paint or pigment thickly so that it stands out from a surface. Painterly- (of a painting or its style) Characterized by qualities of color, stroke, and texture rather than of line. PontilleRepousse- Type of decoration used on cold sheet bronze or gold produced by hammering from the back surface against a pattern mold to create a relief effect. Rococo #9 Rococo- noting or pertaining to a style of painting developed simultaneously with the rococo in architecture and decoration, characterized chiefly by smallness of scale, delicacy of color, freedom of brushwork, and the selection of playful subjects as thematic material. The royal Academy- is an art institution which has a unique position in being an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote the

creation, enjoyment and appreciation of the visual arts through exhibitions, education and debate. Academic Paining- is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies of art. Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Acadmie des Beaux-Arts, which practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and the art that followed these two movements in the attempt to synthesize both of their styles Neo-Classicism and Romanticism #10 The enlightenment- The Enlightenment is also referred to as The Age of Reason, a time period that stems from the awakening of European interest in science American revolutionJean-Paul Marat- was a physician, political theorist and scientist best known for his career in France as a radical journalist and politician during the French Revolution. The Grand Tour- was the traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means. Neo-Classical- Neoclassicism is a revival of the styles and spirit of classic antiquity inspired directly from the classical period,[2] which coincided and reflected the developments in philosophy and other areas of the Age of Enlightenment, and was initially a reaction against the excesses of the preceding Rococo style. Counterpart of romanticism.

Napoleon- was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe. Odalisque- is a famous 1885 painting[1] by awarding Filipino painter and hero Juan Luna. It is one of Lunas so-called Academic Salon portraits that followed the standards of proper proportion and perspective, and realistic depictions with an air of dignity and allure. Romanticism- was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Realism (or Naturalism) #11 **Know Countries Realism- the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements. The French Salon and the French Academy- From the seventeenth century to the early part of the twentieth century, artistic production in France was controlled by artistic academies which organized official exhibitions called salons. Academies were more institutional and more concerned with criticism and analysis than those literary gatherings today called salons which were more focused on pleasurable discourse in society, although certain gatherings around such figures as Marguerite de Valois were close to the academic spirit. Impressionism #12 Impressionism- a 19th-century art movement Impressionist painting characteristics include relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction

of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles. Salon des Refuses (Salon of the Rejected Ones)- an exhibition of works rejected by the jury of the official Paris Salon, but the term is most famously used to refer to the Salon des Refuss of 1863. En Plien Air- is a French expression which means "in the open air," and is particularly used to describe the act of painting outdoors, natural light

Japonisme- is the influence of the arts of Japan on those of the West. In France the term Japonisme also refers to a specific French style. Modernity (or modern era)- typically refers to a post-traditional, post-medieval historical period, one marked by the move from feudalism (or agrarianism) toward capitalism, industrialization