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Chapter 5. Feature Extraction
Digital Image Processing
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kE y x I < ) , (
v(r) n(r) < kE y x I ) , (
< < v(r) n(r) 0
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) , ( ) , 1 ( ) , ( n m I n m I n m I
x
+ = ) , 1 ( ) , ( ) , ( n m I n m I n m I
x x xx
=
7
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[ ] [ ] ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , (
2 2
y x I y x G y x I y x G y x h = =
9
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2
2 2
2
2
2 2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
) , ( ) , (
) , (

y x
e
y x
y
y x G
x
y x G
y x G
+

|
|

\
| +
=

=
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5.8. Mt s c trng hnh hc n gin
B: Blob
Din tch = # points in B =
Trng tm = mass center =
= center of inertia
n
B y x
=
) , (
1
) , ( y x
= =
B y x B y x
y
n
y x
n
x
) , ( ) , (
1 1
16
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- Moment ca vng nh l hm ca mc xm, c biu din
di dng pdf ca nh 2D
- Moment c s dng m t nh nh phn hoc nh mc
xm
- Moment bc (p+q) ph thuc vo bin i affine v bin i
mc xm
- Moment bc (p+q) c nh ngha:

= dxdy y x f y x m
q p
pq
) , (
- Vi nh s

=
=
i j
q p
pq
j i f j i m ) , (
Moment
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- Tnh cht dch bt bin (Translation invariance):

= dxdy y x f y y x x u
q
c
p
c pq
) , ( ) ( ) (
- Vi nh s (for a digitalized image):

=
=
i j
q
c
p
c pq
j i f y j x i u ) , ( ) ( ) (
00
10
m
m
x
c
=
00
01
m
m
y
c
=
Moment trung tm (Central moments)
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- lch tm (Eccentricity)
2
02 20
2
02 20
2
11
) (
) ( 4


+
+
= e
2
2
tan
2
1
02 20
11 1

n
+
|
|

\
|

=

- Gc nghing trc chnh (Direction angle of the 1
st
primary axis)
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) , ( max
) , ( ) , ( max
1
) (
) , (
) , (
) , (
2
j i I
j i I j i I
W
l
k
l
k
l
k
l
B j i
B j i
B j i
k




( (( (

( (( (




= == =
) (
) , (
) ( 2
)) ( ), ( ( ) , (
1
) (
k l l
B j i
k l l j i
k
k
l
k j k i I j i I
W
l

+ ++ +

+ ++ +
+ ++ + + ++ +
= == =

{ {{ { } }} } ) , ( ), , ( ), 0 , ( ), , 0 ( )], ( [ min )] ( [ max ) (

4
) ( ) (
4 4
k k k k k k O l l l
k
O k
k
O k
k
= == = = == =



- BDIP (Block Difference of Inverse Probability)
5.9. c trng BDIP v BVLC trong vng nh WxW
BDIP = 1.33 BDIP = 0.33 BDIP = 0.18
- BVLC (Block variation of local correlation coefficients)
Gi tr BVLC:
)) ( ), ( ( ) ( k k k
j i
= == =
) 45 , 45 , 0 , 90 (
0 0 0 0
l v tr dch theo 4 hng